金融危机的原因以及中央银行在避免下一个危机所起的作用(英文)

最近一次的金融危机揭示了在大量信息不对称,金融尝新复杂和监管框架不完整这样的金融世界里,"自我调节"显然不能起到作用。本文认为,已经至少有两个主要政策影响着金融危机。一个是监督管理政策,另一个是货币政策。此外,本文还分析了中央银行能如何来帮助避免下一场财政危机。特别是,对于宏观审慎性政策的作用和限制进行了讨论。     

刺激消费的财税政策选择

在金融危机背景下,中国政府所采取的财税政策虽取得了积极效果,但连续提高出口退税率已初显政策的无弹性,国家财力无法持续支撑大规模财政投资。本文分析认为,财税政策的着力点应放在扩大国内消费需求上,而扩大消费需求必须首先解决国民收入分配失衡的问题。     

浅析扩内需与当前税收政策的再调整

本文对增值税转型和出口退税政策调整进行了具体分析,认为当前可以通过提高个人所得税费用扣除标准和对中小企业减税,来进一步扩大内需。     

金融危机的原因以及中央银行在避免下一个危机所起的作用

最近一次的金融危机揭示了在大量信息不对称,金融尝新复杂和监管框架不完整这样的金融世界里,自我调节显然不能起到作用.本文认为,已经至少有两个主要政策彩响着金融危机.一个是监督管理政策,另一个是货币政策.此外,本文还分析了中央银行能如何来帮助避免下一场财政危机.特别是,对于宏观审慎性政策的作用和限制进行了讨论.     

关于进一步完善结构性减税政策的研究

由美国次贷危机引发的国际金融危机,不仅冲击了许多发达国家,而且波及广大发展中国家,我国同样遭受影响。为应对这场金融危机,我国实施了积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策,取得了良好的效果。本文着重分析我国应对金融危机的结构性减税政策,说明了实施结构性减税政策的原因,介绍了结构性减税政策的内容,总结了结构性减税政策实施的成效与存在的问题,提出了进一步完善结构性减税政策的建议。     

How Should Slovenia Design Fiscal Policies in the Government Debt Crisis?

We investigate how fiscal policies should be designed in Slovenia during the next few years. Using the SLOPOL model, an econometric model of the Slovenian economy, we analyze the effects of different fiscal policies using simulations and determine optimal fiscal policies for Slovenia. We show that the optimal design of fiscal policies is rather close to the austerity course as detailed in the Slovenian Stability Program, revealing the small scope of possible alternative fiscal stabilization policies available due to the relatively low effectiveness of the fiscal instruments with respect to their influence on the business cycle in the Slovenian economy.     

Inflation targeting: Is IT to blame for banking system instability?

In light of the financial crisis, the practice of inflation targeting (IT) has been blamed for authorities’ failure to respond to the increase in financial systemic risk and to the development of asset bubbles. However, utilizing a rich database containing nearly 5500 commercial banks from 70 countries (among which, 22 are IT) for the period 1998–2012, this paper argues that on average, inflation targeting national banking systems (i) are more stable; (ii) possess sounder systemically important banks; and (iii) are less distressed than (or at least as distressed as) other banks during periods of global liquidity shortages. Our results are robust to a series of tests, such as when we compare countries with the same legal origins or control for the delegation of bank supervision responsibility to bodies other than the central bank. Overall, we conclude that IT cannot be blamed for contributing to financial fragility.     

The impact of monetary policy announcements on the stock price of large European banks during the financial crisis

Since 2007, the European Central Bank responded decisively to the challenges posed by the global financial crisis, reducing key policy interest rates to unprecedented low levels and intervening with non-standard policy measures (i.e., monetary easing and liquidity provision). This paper aims to assess the impact of ECB monetary policy announcements on the stock price of large European banks. As a first step, an event study is conducted in order to measure cumulated abnormal returns (CARs) around the announcements over June 2007–June 2013; the second step is a regression analysis aimed at identifying the determinants of CARs. Results show that banks were more sensitive to non-conventional measures than to interest rate decisions, and that the same type of intervention may have a different impact depending on the stage of the crisis. In addition, banks with weaker balance sheets and operating with high-risk were more sensitive to monetary policy interventions.     

Is monetary policy effective in dampening fiscally induced exchange market pressures? Evidence from Ghana

Episodes of currency crises in Ghana over the recent past were examined. We also address two fundamental questions using VAR framework. First, how does fiscal policy relate to exchange market pressures (EMPs) in Ghana? Second, whether persistent fiscal slippages hinder the effective use of interest rate as monetary policy tool to influence undesirable exchange rate fluctuations? We found sterilization interventions to be more effective than interest rate as a monetary policy tool in moderating tensions in foreign exchange market. Higher recurrent expenditure was generally associated with higher EMP, while capital expenditures tend to assuage EMP. We recommend strong policy coordination between the fiscal and monetary authorities to ensure macroeconomic stability.     

India's fiscal and monetary framework: growth in an opening economy

Since a crisis is a shock impinging on a system, the response can be used to deduce aspects of the system's structure. Analysis of the crisis and recovery suggests aggregate supply in India is elastic but subject to upward shocks. This has implications for cyclical policy and for fiscal consolidation. Both monetary and fiscal policy should identify measures that would reduce costs, while avoiding too large a demand contraction. Specific policies are identified and Indian policies evaluated.     

农业政策性银行转型问题探析

目前,我国三家政策性银行如何实现转型再次引起广泛关注。本文针对政策性银行的实际,提出了转型的着力点应放在调整职能拓展业务范围上;切入点应放在完善内部经营机制和运行体制改革上;突破点应放在外部经营环境的改善上。     

论全球金融危机下的中国结构性减税

实施两年的结构性减税该向何处走?回答这个问题,需要深入分析结构性减税与税制改革、宏观调控的内在逻辑。事实上,结构性减税不仅仅是应对危机的短期宏观调控手段,更是税制改革的一项长期战略选择。在后危机时代进一步推进结构性减税,应该从适应国际经济环境,面向十二五规划目标,明确产业、地区、居民三个方面的导向以及突破关键瓶颈入手。     

货币政策十大理论问题辨析

采取对比分析的研究方法,讨论了当前流行的有关货币政策10大理论问题,得出了有别于传统观点的新的结论:货币政策不等同于金融政策;存款准备金政策的真正价值不在于\"存在\"而在于\"实际应用\";货币政策与金融监管之间不是平行关系而是主从关系;货币政策4大目标之间不是并存关系而是继起关系等.在此基础上,结合中国实际提出了充分发挥货币政策结构性调控功能、财政政策与货币政策的组合搭配应审时度势、灵活运用的对策思路.     

“后金融危机时代”金融交易税探析

本文梳理了金融交易税的产生和发展过程,介绍了后金融危机时代西方国家对金融交易税的讨论,分析巴西通过金融交易税控制热钱的政策实践经验。文章认为,鉴于当前的国情,我国目前没有开征金融交易税的充分条件。     

我国财政政策和货币政策相互作用的实证研究——基于政策在价格决定中的作用

本文选取1980～2009年度数据为样本,利用MS-VAR模型检验我国财政政策和货币政策在价格决定中的作用区制。实证结果表明,在1980～1997年间,价格为货币政策主导区制;之后为财政政策主导区制。为检验该结果的稳健性,本文分别对李嘉图等式和财富效应进行分样本区间的实证分析。最后,本文选取1996～2010年的月度数据,利用MS-OLS模型检验财政政策和货币政策与价格的关系,发现我国互补的宏观经济政策在稳定物价上是有效的。     

A theoretical model of bank lending: Does ownership matter in times of crisis?

The present study investigates theoretically the lending responses of government-owned and private banks in the event of unexpected financial shocks. Our model predicts that public banks provide more loans to the real sector during times of crisis, compared to private banks which cut down on lending and increase liquidity holdings. We put forth three reasons for this heterogeneous behavior. First, the objective of public banks, in contrast to their private peers, is not only to maximize profits given risks, but also to stabilize and promote the recovery of the economy. Second, public banks may suffer less deposit withdrawals or avoid a bank run in a severe crisis, because the state has better access to additional funds making a recapitalization more likely. And finally, public banks may suffer less deposit withdrawals due to their higher credibility in promising a future recapitalization in the case of a severe crisis.