浅论教育的经济效益

宏观教育学形成于20世纪60年代,宏观教育学对各国教育决策和教育实践产生了重大影响.宏观教育学直接研究教育的基础性、全面性、前瞻性、知识产生与社会经济的相互作用及其规律.集中论述教育的经济效益是宏观教育经济学的核心概念,从这一理论的兴起、发展和成熟三个阶段论述宏观教育经济学的研究发展过程,并就宏观教育经济学的研究对象进行全面阐述.而对教育经济效益的定义、内容及特性,以及教育投资对经济增长的计算方法做了剖析和比较.     

The Scholarship of Teaching Economics

The authors report on the results of a telephone survey of 1,001 employees of seven large corporations conducted for the Business Roundtable as part of its public policy program. A set of 20 questions keyed to the Voluntary National Content Standards in Economics was embedded in the survey. A measure of economic literacy was constructed from the survey results. Greater economic literacy was associated with more overall education, more college economics coursework, high incomes, and being male. An examination of individual test questions revealed that previous college economics had substantial effects on employees' current economic literacy.     

The Test of Economic Literacy: Development and Results

In this study, the authors report on the revision of the Test of Economic Literacy for the fourth edition. The Test of Economic Literacy is a nationally-normed and standardized measure of the economic understanding of U.S. high school students. The economic content of the test is based on the Voluntary National Content Standards in Economics, which is used to establish the content validity for the test. The revision process is described and evidence on the test reliability and construct validity is presented from the test score analysis. The Test of Economic Literacy has a long and successful history of use by educators and researchers interested in economic education in high schools. The new edition should provide an improved instrument to continue that testing and research work.     

体验:一种经济学的解读

经济学从对物的研究到对人、人的需求和欲望的研究,与其说是经济学回归人性,不如说是经济学对人类体验的关注和凸显。体验是有益于促发生命感动和经济效用的图景思维活动。凸显体验的经济使其生产、交换、消费等活动的生存与享用价值全面提升。在体验经济中,社会再生产的“过程”呈现为体验与经济的互动,人性在个性化的意义上日趋丰满。体验是经济的新的增长点,体验能提升“经济人”的境界,体验有利于经济效益和社会效益的整体性提高,体验有益于经济创新。     

The Recent Critique of Theoretical Economics: A Methodologically Informed Investigation

My purpose is to appraise the recent critique of theoretical economics by applying the methodological perspective. Therefore, I start by identifying the main lines of criticism raised against theoretical economics in the aftermath of the post-2008 global economic crisis: namely, the voices criticizing economics for its unrealistic models, excessive mathematization, and overconfidence in its theoretical claims. First, I show that these issues are interconnected and should be jointly analyzed. Next, I investigate these lines of critique from the perspective provided by the latest achievements in the philosophy of economics (e.g., studies on the epistemic role of economic models). Taking this perspective reinforces some allegations against economics (e.g., these voices accusing economists of treating economic laws as universal laws of nature) and makes some criticisms more nuanced (e.g., the issue of unrealistic assumptions). I conclude by stating that such a methodological perspective is necessary in critically apprising the recent critique of economics.     

Comment on “What is Heterodox Economics? Conversations with Historians of Economic Thought”

The Comment on Wrenn’s article “What is Heterodox Economics?” suggests that the inability of heterodox economists to define their field arises from an as yet unrecognized and different metaphysical foundation than that of orthodox economics.     

The Complementary Relationship Between Institutional and Complexity Economics: The Example of Deep Mechanismic Explanations

Analyzing economic systems from an evolutionary-institutional or a complexity perspective are two complementary approaches to economic inquiry. I discuss three arguments in favor of this hypothesis: (i) eminent institutional economists have examined the economy as what today could be considered a complex system; (ii) complexity economists lack meta-theoretical foundations which could be provided by institutionalist theory; and (iii) institutional economists could benefit from using methods of complexity economics. In this context, I argue that scholars considering the economy to be complex should seek to explain it by discovering social mechanisms instead of focusing on prediction. In order to distinguish between alternative explanations, scholars should refer to the deepness of an explanation, rather than to Occam’s razor.     

经济改革与经济学转型

我国的经济改革是在传统计划体制背景下启动的,也是在一定的改革意识引领下发生的,但在传统政治经济学框架内形成的改革理论具有一定的局限性。改革开放以来,经济学者运用现代经济学方法对中国经济进行分析,获得了有价值的成果。但是,我国经济学理论的转型还没有完成。为了深化市场经济的改革,如何科学地认识市场经济,怎样在经济学理论研究中体现现代精神,都需要在范式转型的前提下继续进行探索。     

全面理解人力资本的经济价值——教育经济学与培训经济学的融合

教育经济学不应只是正规学校教育的经济学,在终身学习的理念下,正规学校教育的结束并不意味着学习步伐的停滞和人力资本投资的终结。教育经济学未来拓展的路径,除了理论基础上的"外延式"发展外,还可以在原有的人力资本理论框架内走一条"内涵式"发展的道路,即强调综合考察人力资本投资的多种途径,特别是教育和培训这两种最主要的人力资本投资形式,让教育经济学走出正规学校教育经济学的固有领地,团结在人力资本理论的名义下,与培训经济学融合,走向人力资源开发研究的广阔天地,惟其如此,才能全面、深入地研究人力资本的经济价值及其实现机制。     

The Fable of the Allegory: The Wizard of Oz in Economics

L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz has become popular as a teaching tool in economics. It has been argued that it was written as an allegory of Populist demands for a bimetallic monetary system in the late 19th century. The author argues that Baum was not sympathetic to Populist views and did not write the story as a monetary allegory.     

Methodology,theory and inquiry in Italian economic and social thought: The making of Francesco Coletti

During the first decades of the twentieth century, Italian economist Francesco Coletti (1866–1940) was recognised as an authority on emigration and agricultural economics. We intend to focus here on Coletti's early career to understand how he rapidly managed to secure an enviable reputation. We examine Coletti's interventions on economic semiology and measurement of national wealth. We then move on to a series of theoretical debates (notably on Marx's theory of value) to which Coletti made significant contributions. Finally, we survey Coletti's fieldwork in agriculture and emigration, topics that allowed for connecting theoretical issues, methodological constraints, and empirical data.     

业务外包决策的经济学分析模型

业务外包正在成为企业或国家的一种经营战略与经营管理的新理念。在系统综述业务外包与外包管理理论和应用研究的基础上,运用经济学分析问题的方法和思路,在简单的假定前提下,给出一个业务外包分析的经济学模型,模型分析表明,业务外包不仅会增加本企业或本国的工资水平,而且会提高一国的就业率。     

Thinking Like an Economist: The Neoliberal Politics of the Economics Textbook

This article surveys 10 introductory economics textbooks to examine whether and how economics contributed to the rise of neoliberalism. It defines neoliberalism as a political rationality characterized by market constructivism. In contrast with conventional liberal approaches that view limited government as legitimized by the failure of naturalist markets, neoliberalism constructs the market as norm and means of government. Economics textbooks overall have a liberal outlook, as exemplified by Samuelson's classic, however, with three liberal subgenres: the imperfect market view, the free market view, and an institutionalist view. While the introductory textbook cannot be construed as an instruction manual for neoliberalism, the article nevertheless identifies two important neoliberal moments: the discussion of market-based forms of government and the rise of a new genre of principles textbook that urges students to “think like an economist.” The article concludes with novel insights on how economics may have contributed to the spread of neoliberalism.     

基于经济视野下的生态文明建设立法思考

生态文明既是现实的目标,又是理想的境界。生态文明建设既是现实的任务,又是未来的事业。生态文明建设的立法既要规范经济层面的问题,要让经济活动符合人与自然和谐的要求,做到绿色化、无害化;又要规范社会层面的问题,加强社会事业建设,推动人们生活方式的变革,形成以生态文明意识为主的社会潮流,构建文明、健康、科学、和谐的生活方式,以落实生态文明建设,逐步实现人与自然的和谐发展。     

Tyranny of kindness: Dismantling the welfare system to end poverty in America Theresa Funiciello

The Comment on Wrenn’s article “What is Heterodox Economics?” suggests that the inability of heterodox economists to define their field arises from an as yet unrecognized and different metaphysical foundation than that of orthodox economics.     

Institutional Approaches to Economic Development: The Current Status of the Debate

The recent publication of "Institutions and Economic Development: Theory, Policy and History" (Chang 2011a) has stimulated a thought-provoking debate, and has brought forth a wide-ranging demonstration of the theoretical arsenal of the new institutional economics. The debate proves that, as of yet, no satisfactory theory of institutions has been articulated, nor is there an agreement on the relationship between institutional change and the politics of development. It also demonstrates the presence of two distinct lines of research: ideological and political, both of which rely on different theoretical legacies, and embody distinct economic worldviews. This scenario allows a summary of the argument in the most recent literature to be made on the relationship between institutions and development, as well as to relate the debate to the concept of development as a process of expansion of capacities.     

The Impact of Perceived Familiarity and Perceived Importance on Economic Reasoning in Time-Allocation Decisions

Single-equation regression models are employed to estimate the student-teacher race and gender interaction effects in high school economics courses. No evidence of a gender role-model effect is found, but there is evidence of effects for African-American students.     

Constitutional Foundations of Economic Freedom: A Time-Series Cross-Section Analysis

Using time-series cross-section analysis, we provide additional empirical validation for the principal-agent model developed by Adserà et al. (2003). In our innovation, efficient economic policy is proxied by “economic freedom” from the Fraser Institute database and constitutional “political institutions” are proxied by variables from the Database of Political Institutions. Our results suggest that the more credible the threat of removal from office, the more government officials will pursue efficient economic policies. The authors are grateful to Alan Hamlin and an anonymous referee for their highly valuable input to the development of this paper. Tel.: +1-604-291-4167     

虎门港对东莞沿海片区经济发展的影响及对策研究

开发虎门港是东莞市委市政府在新的经济发展条件下的重大战略决策。沙田、麻涌港区是虎门港口的核心港区,港口资源是东莞沿海片区经济发展的最大比较优势和核心战略资源,虎门港的开发建设给东莞沿海片区提供了重大的发展机遇。充分利用港口资源,发展港口经济,促进经济实现跨越式发展是东莞沿海片区在新的历史条件下的必然战略选择。     

Institutions and Development: The Interaction Between Trade Regime and Political System

This paper argues that an unequal distribution of political power, biased to landed elites and owners of natural resources, in combination with openness to trade is a major obstacle to development of natural resource- or land-abundant economies. We develop a two-sector general equilibrium model and show that in an oligarchic society public investments conducive to industrialization. schooling for example.are typically lower in an open than in a closed economy. Moreover, we find that, under openness to trade, development is faster in a democratic system. We also endogenize the trade regime and demonstrate that in a land-abundant economy the landed elite has an interest to support openness to trade. We present historical evidence for Southern economies in the Americas that is consistent with our theoretical results: Resistance of landed elites to mass education, comparative advantages in primary goods production in the 19th century globalization wave, and low primary school enrollment and literacy rates.