动态能力、微观能动主体与组织能力提升

在动荡变化的环境中,企业仅仅拥有"VRIN"属性的资源与能力将难以维持竞争优势,只有不断提升组织能力才是企业基业长青的惟一出路。动态能力在组织能力提升中起重要作用,但动态能力的定义自提出至今仍然模糊不清。本文澄清了动态能力的概念内涵,深入分析了企业高层管理者作为动态能力微观能动主体的角色,并在动态能力及其微观能动主体的基础上构建了一个颇具解释力的组织能力提升框架。     

能力、交易费用与企业边界

企业能力理论和交易费用理论是研究企业边界的两种主要理论范式,两者虽然在行为假设、基本经济分析单位及逻辑思路上存在分歧,但是企业的本质属性要求企业边界理论融合企业能力理论和交易费用分析这两种范式。正是企业能力和交易费用的共生演化决定了企业边界,在交易费用分析中引入学习效应、治理不可分性和转化成本有助于我们对企业边界的变迁过程进行动态分析。     

Capabilities and Constraints

Sen’s capability approach emphasises the importance of freedom and choice in leading the life that one values. This paper seeks to argue that, nonetheless, the capability approach is fully cognisant of the constraints that restrict individuals from achieving capabilities. Since the achievement of capabilities is set within a social context, and also because the constraints to capability-achievement are often of a social nature, it is useful to keep in mind the social context. An account of the capability approach that places adequate stress on the constraints that confront individuals and the institutional context will describe their situation more accurately; it will also be of more use for policy purposes.     

Capabilities and Constraints

Sen’s capability approach emphasises the importance of freedom and choice in leading the life that one values. This paper seeks to argue that, nonetheless, the capability approach is fully cognisant of the constraints that restrict individuals from achieving capabilities. Since the achievement of capabilities is set within a social context, and also because the constraints to capability-achievement are often of a social nature, it is useful to keep in mind the social context. An account of the capability approach that places adequate stress on the constraints that confront individuals and the institutional context will describe their situation more accurately; it will also be of more use for policy purposes.     

Capabilities and production theory

The paper draws on a specification by Sen to model consumer capabilities and welfare, and extends this to modelling capabilities of producers and other agents. ‘Dynamic interactive capabilities’ are the outcome of successful interaction between evolving consumer and/or supplier capabilities and evolving producer capabilities, all occurring in ‘real time’ to meet the needs of dynamic competition in Schumpeter's sense. This involves learning on each side, as well as interactive learning between them. The paper then investigates the direction of both product and process changes in producers, driven by demand as well as supply factors through historical time and during structural change. Some consideration is given as to why orthodox production theory should have failed to broach so many of the issues which appear to be driving dynamic capabilities and productivity change in historical practice. Paths for further development of the capabilities approach are suggested.     

道德、信誉与合约

市场经济之初,人们体会最深,感叹最多的是道德问题和信誉问题。市场经济离不开道德和信誉,缺乏道德和信誉支持的市场经济只能是灾难经济。然而,信誉和道德有着本质区别,但日常生活中人们将它们混在一起来谈论,有时甚至是不分的,本文力图从合约的角度辨清二者之间的关系。     

Ethics, Innovation and Innovation Studies

I argue that the critical potential of innovation studies can be considerably enhanced by including questions of ethics, both as an object of study and as an aspect of study. I approach this by first reviewing what we understand by ethics, secondly by speculating how two stylized opposing positions in innovation studies-radical epistemology and radical politics-might each treat the question of ethics, and finally by offering a position that is complementary to those whilst not attempting any resolution of their supposed dilemma.     

论政府能力

经济全球化的实质是全球范围市场竞争,这种竞争不仅是各国优势产业及其链条的生产力竞争,同时也是政府能力的竞争。政府能力是一种结构化的体制能力,主要包括财政能力、控制能力、协调能力、危机处理能力和组织动员能力等五个要素。由这些要素整合而成的政府能力,只有在市场经济的基础上,通过政府职能的有效匹配才能发挥促进生产力、提高国家综合竞争力的主导性作用。     

On Human Capital and Individual Capabilities

Starting out from a simple conceptual framework running from initial individual abilities to skills produced in school to the utilization of these skills in the labor market, this paper surveys empirical studies in labor economics, economics of education and occupational psychology to assess the empirical strength of the links between these sets of variables. Cognitive and non-cognitive abilities are relevant for economic success, but make a modest contribution. Occupational psychology is complementary to economics and supports the notion of interlocking heterogeneity of individuals and jobs.     

Aligning Knowledge Strategy and Knowledge Capabilities

This paper outlines a framework that links knowledge strategy and knowledge capabilities in a similar way as prior studies for the more generic concepts of strategy and capabilities. Existing theory in knowledge strategy is fragmented and focused on competitive positioning. We utilize concepts of good strategic management and the theory of the firm to place knowledge strategy on a more theoretically sound basis. This expands knowledge strategy beyond competitive positioning to include internal organization and the boundaries of the firm. This expanded view of knowledge strategy is compared to a conceptualization of knowledge capabilities that focuses on different capabilities for internal, collaborative and competitive situations. Using this perspective highlights the interconnection between knowledge capabilities and knowledge strategy—they are often jointly determined. It also provides a basis for integrating competence- and knowledge-based views of the firm in an empirically testable model. Suggestions for further research are proposed.     

Capabilities as causal powers

The author argues that Sen's capability approach is primarilya philosophical under-labouring exercise aimed at elaboratingcertain central economic categories, and that the philosophicaland methodological underpinnings of Sen's approach are radicallydifferent from those of contemporary welfare economics and mainstreameconomic practice. Sen's notion of ‘capabilities’as the potential functionings to achieve well-being is interpretedhere as a specification of the ontological category of ‘causalpower’, presupposing an open system conception of realitythat contrasts with much of contemporary economic practice.     

Capabilities,Rights and Justice in the Context of Australian Aboriginal Welfare Policy

Since white settlement of Australia in 1788, the Aboriginal community has remained a conspicuously disadvantaged minority group. Decades of Federal and State government welfare policies have not prevented alcoholism, domestic violence and unemployment from undermining life in Aboriginal communities. Radically different policies are now being trialled, in recognition that a social emergency exists and in recognition that ‘money for nothing’ welfare handouts have not succeeded in developing human capabilities in Aboriginal communities. Despite the 2008 ‘sorry day’ apology, emotional hurts still run deep, and perceived injustices continue to impact upon the recognition of Aboriginal rights and the advancement of Aboriginal capabilities.     

钱大昕：豪杰精神与政治伦理

在史学研究领域,有两种“实事求是”:一种是以政治伦理的需要来决定对史实的取舍从违的所谓“实事求是”;另一种是以真实性为史学之生命和至高无上之原则的“实事求是”。中国史学要实现近代转型,就必须从前一种“实事求是”向后一种“实事求是”转变。正是在这一点上,200年前的乾嘉史学大师钱大昕以豪杰精神治学,为推动中国史学的近代转型作出了重要贡献。     

Ethics and Banking

Usually moral conscience has been forgotten after the individualist and utilitarian analysis. However, many people guide their behavior by a value system that is sensitive to social problems, such as equilibrium with nature, respect of human rights, and the equality of opportunities. People have the power to change the society: As consumers and as savers. As savers, people have the opportunity to choose, in financial markets, between institutions and products. In this paper, we will summarize the economic trends that observe a moral conscience in humans. Then, we will analyze if this moral conscience can have a translation in the financial sector. Can ethical banks and investment funds survive in the competitive financial sector? Can moral conscience be incorporated into financial business?