Big data analysis adaptation and enterprises’ competitive advantages: the perspective of dynamic capability and resource-based theories

Big data analysis (BDA) adaptation has been spreading unprecedentedly fast among Chinese enterprises to gain a competitive advantage. Based on the resource-based theory (RBT) and dynamic capability theory (DCT), this study aims to propose a conceptual model to identify the sources of competitive advantages, interrelationship of their components, and the mechanism of obtaining competitive advantage. The results reveal several important findings. 1) Different dimensions of dynamic capabilities all have effects on competitive advantage, but they have different paths to influence these. 2) Two dimensions of dynamic capabilities have direct effects on the competitive advantages, and strategy flexibility has indirect effects on these. 3) Three dimensions of resources all indirectly and positively influence competitive advantages by affecting dynamic capabilities. 4) The path of resources and dynamic capabilities affecting competitive advantage are identified. The findings have important implications for managers that leverage BDA to achieve comparative advantages in business.     

Contextualising capability development: configurations of knowledge governance mechanisms in project-based organizations

Given the project-based organization’s (PBO) strong focus on autonomy and temporary decentralisation, it faces unique challenges with regard to long-term organisational learning and capability development. To address how PBOs cope with these challenges, we address the role of knowledge governance (KG) mechanisms to foster capability development. The present paper reports on a multiple case study comprising 23 PBOs and demonstrates the importance of ‘configurations of KG mechanisms’ for facilitating learning and capability development. This paper develops four distinct configurations (balanced, formalistic, interactive, and fragile) that promote three principal organisational-level learning processes: shifting, leveraging and adapting. This research underscores the close relationship between knowledge governance mechanisms and capability development and the importance of designing the appropriate configuration of KG mechanisms to foster capability development.     

顺水推舟：动态能力如何驱动企业创新战略演化？——基于西门子（中国）的纵向案例研究

创新战略影响企业创新发展方向及成效,但其在数字化转型过程中的演化路径尚不明朗。本文运用纵向单案例研究方法,以西门子（中国）为研究对象,从动态能力视角解剖数字化转型过程中创新战略的演化路径。研究发现：在数字化转型的探索期、成长期、加速期,企业在不同动态能力的推动下顺势实现创新战略演化。其中,在数字识别能力驱动下,企业创新战略主要表现为利用式创新战略,在数字整合能力驱动下,企业创新战略主要表现为探索式创新战略与利用式创新战略并存,而在数字重构能力驱动下,企业创新战略则主要表现为探索式创新战略。本文通过纵向单案例研究,揭示了动态能力驱动下企业数字化转型的内在过程及创新战略演化路径。本文有望拓展动态能力理论在数字化情境中的应用,并从演化视角深化企业创新战略研究,同时为企业有效运用动态能力以推进数字化转型,以及创新战略制定提供理论支撑与路径指引。     

Building regional visionary capability. Futures research in resource-based regional development

In the present study, regional visionary capability is seen as a crucial factor in building regional competitive advantage under the present techno-economic paradigm. Regions are considered as strongly path-dependent entities needing to create new, even radical, paths to stay competitive in a rapidly changing world. The Regional Development Platform Method (RDPM) is presented as an innovative tool in developing regional innovation systems. The RDPM consists of eight phases and the focus of the present article is on the fourth phase of the RDPM: the search for new regional development paths and building regional visionary capability. The RDPM has been tested in the Lahti (Finland) regional innovation system revealing the need to develop the fourth phase further.     

MANAGING ORGANISATIONAL BEHABIOUR:The Analysis of AOL & Time Warner merger

the massive job loss in the intervening year of the newly merged company and being desperation on falling stock prize. More important, as a frequent top manager turnover and a continuing dramatic capital and shareholder value loss (Klein,2003). Finally, in December 2009, Time Warner spin-off AOL entirely (Time Warner, 2009), the mega-merge between Time Warner and AOL announced their failure. To counter this severe situation, the AOL Time Warner indeed took a lot of measures, such as shipped off its co-chief operating officer and reduced its valuable assets (Peers & Angwin, 2003). However, with the manifestation of continuing and irretrievable loss, the fortune of the merger was doomed to end. As the universal statement for the main reason of this historic catastrophe, the merger was due to synergistic failure (Arango, 2010), which mainly due to inappropriate leadership approaches and lack of value congruence. The inappropriate leadership approaches can be classified into two categories- competencies perspective of leadership and contingency perspective of leadership. The value incongruence can be understanded in terms of organisational conflicts. This report will primarily focus on the fundamental organisational contributions that how the executives of this newly merged company moving forward in a different direction and the culture conflicts within two firms result in this unprecedented stumble.     

Measuring the alignment of websites and organisational critical activities

Organisational critical activities (OCAs) are activities which must receive constant and ongoing management attention in order for that organisation to be successful in its industry. These activities may not be well supported by an organisation's website, or the website not well aligned to the organisation's OCAs. This research first develops the notion of OCAs and then reports on the development of an evaluation methodology to measure the alignment of websites with an organisation's OCAs. The methodology was tested across the university sector in New Zealand which comprises eight separate organisations. The results of the research found that measuring the alignment of OCAs elicited from key executives against an evaluation of the organisation's website is an effective way to determine what action needs to be taken to improve website support for OCAs.     

Corporate foresight: Its three roles in enhancing the innovation capacity of a firm

In the last three decades much knowledge has been produced on how best to conduct foresight exercises, but little is known on how foresight should be integrated with the innovation effort of a company. Drawing on empirical evidence from 19 case studies and 107 interviews, we identify three roles that corporate foresight should play to maximize the innovation capacity of a firm: (1) the strategist role, which explores new business fields; (2) the initiator role, which increases the number of innovation concepts and ideas; and (3) the opponent role, which challenges innovation projects to increase the quality of their output.     

动态能力、微观能动主体与组织能力提升

在动荡变化的环境中,企业仅仅拥有"VRIN"属性的资源与能力将难以维持竞争优势,只有不断提升组织能力才是企业基业长青的惟一出路。动态能力在组织能力提升中起重要作用,但动态能力的定义自提出至今仍然模糊不清。本文澄清了动态能力的概念内涵,深入分析了企业高层管理者作为动态能力微观能动主体的角色,并在动态能力及其微观能动主体的基础上构建了一个颇具解释力的组织能力提升框架。     

阿马蒂亚•森的\" 能力方法\" 在发展经济学中的应用

1998年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者阿马蒂亚•森首先创立了\" 能力方法\" 的分析框架,并把发展定义为人类能力的扩展和自由的增进。森的\" 能力方法\" 对联合国的人类发展报告产生了重大影响。在森的基础上,\" 能力方法\" 得到了一定程度的拓展。森的\" 能力方法\" 对我国发展计划和政策的制定具有一定的借鉴意义。     

林业资源型城镇可持续发展研究

目前国内对于资源型区域的研究主要集中在非再生型(能源矿产)资源型城镇层面上,对可再生型资源型城镇(特别是小城镇)的研究则相对较少。文章从资源型区域问题的发生尺度、资源型区域的脆弱性、国家资源型区域政策效力等方面探讨了资源型区域研究中尺度下降的必要性。通过对相关问题的探讨,认为林业资源型城镇的发展问题具有过渡时期性质,其实现可持续发展的本质是度过过渡时期。从林业资源型城镇之间的差异性出发,提出了林业城镇可持续发展的若干路径,认为林业资源的综合开发是林业资源型城镇可持续发展的一般模式,产业转型或保育基地模式适于具有特定条件的林业资源型城镇。     

Developing exploitative and exploratory capabilities through capitalising on alliance orientation

ABSTRACT

Researchers suggest that firms should acquire resources from external environments by adopting alliances to enhance their abilities in developing their core value-creating capabilities. However, the question of how to manage alliances effectively through organisational development in exploitation and exploration capabilities has not yet been examined in detail. Using primary data obtained from 159 R&D managers in Taiwan's electronics industry, this study focuses on the specific mechanisms of alliance orientation (AO) and examines its impact on the development of exploitative and exploratory capabilities. We find that AO enables firms to improve their exploitative and exploratory capabilities. Furthermore, unabsorbed slack resources strengthen the positive effects of AO on exploratory capabilities, while market uncertainty weakens the benefits of AO in both exploitative and exploratory capabilities. The positive effects of AO on exploratory capabilities are also weakened by technological uncertainty. These findings provide strategic insight into strategic alliances and the capability development of firms.     

基于技术追赶的企业技术能力微观结构研究

在文献评述的基础上,界定了基于技术追赶的企业技术能力概念,剖析了企业技术能力微观结构。认为基于技术追赶的企业技术能力是指在致力于搜索、选择、获取、吸收和改进现有技术的过程中,有效地学习、积累和使用技术知识的能力。技术后进地区或国家的企业通过对技术知识的不断学习、积累和使用,企业技术能力沿着搜索、选择、获得、吸收、改进五阶段模式螺旋式上升。     

创新基因学:概念与理论模型

为揭示技术创新规律,首先针对现有生物基因在产品设计、知识创新等领域的最新应用成果进行分析,通过深入分析创新过程与生命体形成过程的类同性,将生物基因理论与创新理论融合,在界定创新基因、创新染色体、创新算法等概念的基础上,建立了创新基因学理论模型,同时对其应用步骤进行了分析,在探讨创新源动力的基础上,着力挖掘原始创新影响基因以及创新机理,以期为技术创新提供一种新的方法和思路。     

区域创新系统运行的“四三结构”模型的实证研究——武大科技园“国家地球空间信息武汉产业化基地”建设分析

在国民经济和国防建设社会生活各个领域中,地球空间信息（涵盖GIS、GPS和RS三大领域,亦简称3S）技术发挥着越来越巨大的作用。在介绍武大科技园产出现状的基础上,基于区域创新系统运行（以下简称RISO）的“四三结构”模型,介绍了武汉地区在3S领域的创新内容、创新主体和创新投入现状,接着分析了武汉地区3S产业存在的问题及产生的原因,最后在提出武大科技园发展定位的基础上,提出了发展举措。     

创新演进过程导向的企业主流与新流创新政策研究

创新政策作为一种制度安排和规则设计,对加快推进企业主流与新流创新演进、提升其创新能力具有重要引导、支撑和推动作用。在探索企业主流与新流创新演进规律、构建政策作用模型的基础上,围绕主流与新流创新生成、变异、选择和协同4个时期的创新政策需求,对164家大中型科技型企业的中高层管理人员展开调查分析。结果表明：实施企业家创新激励机制、完善政府创新基金制度、设立技术创新风险监控制度、建设高端化、专业化、特色化众创空间、推行科技创新券是政府推进主流与新流创新演进,实现企业持续创新发展急需且有效的政策手段。据此,提出相应的政策建议。