Home or next door? Patenting by European food and beverage multinationals

We study the location of the inventive activity of 59 major European food and beverage multinationals and their 8432 subsidiaries worldwide, by analysing the geographical distribution of the inventors listed in the European Patent Office (EPO) applications, US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) patents and triadic, international and Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) patent families of the companies filed between 1978 and the early 2000s. The sampled companies tend to locate their R&D activities in the home country. EU-based companies, more specifically, deploy an intra-regional strategy in EU countries, especially with regard to the inventions most closely related to their core businesses (food), for which, however, they do not display a home-country preference. Inventions related to non-core business tend to be produced in extra-regional locations.     

基于集体学习机制的创新网络模式研究——以浦东新区生物医药产业创新网络为例

全球化背景下,创新对经济发展具有重要的推动作用。近10年来,学术界掀起了对创新活动研究的高潮,经济学家、经济地理学家、管理学家从不同的视角对创新的形成动机、过程、模式及演变进行了相关研究。研究显示,一方面,创新是集体行动的结果,企业间互动对创新的发生具有积极作用;另一方面,创新网络要素结构差异对创新功能的实现也有着不同的影响。因此,将基于集体学习机制,从网络个体与整体结构差异出发,分析和总结结构差异下不同创新网络模式特点,并以浦东生物医药产业创新网络作为实证案例。     

The shift from theory to innovation: the evolution of Brazilian research frontiers 2005–2011

Proliferation of emerging economies as significant sources of competitive knowledge is a key feature of globalisation, often driven by government policies fostering domestic research-based innovation capabilities. To cast light on this common emerging economy effort to move from catch-up towards the global innovation frontier, we analyse the evolution of the focus of Brazilian research frontiers 2005–2011 with bibliometric methods. Our results demonstrate a gradual and moderate shift from theoretical scientific knowledge to more innovation-centred knowledge in the most influential Brazilian research, indicating the increased prominence and quality of innovation focused efforts in country's knowledge system. Thus, the recent expansion of Brazil's innovation system is accompanied by qualitative transformations of the research system, in part driven by nationally emerging research fields and technologies. Conceptually, we consider the overall importance of scientific research for developing and emerging economy innovation system build-up.     

新兴技术下的情景规划法及其应用

情节规划法不同于传统战略思维。在技术变革的不确定背景下,它是战略分析的有效工具。本文分析了情景规划法的理论来源、实施步骤及主要应用,并通过案例阐释了情景规划法对复杂环境下战略决策制定的作用。     

Investigating the determinants of patent acquisition in biotechnology: an empirical analysis

Acquiring patents is an increasingly relevant opportunity for innovating companies, especially after the rise and development of the so-called markets for technologies (MFTs). However, only scant attention has been devoted to investigate patents' characteristics influencing their acquisition by organisations. Accordingly, this paper aims at filling this gap by analysing how four main characteristics – as patent scope, scientific knowledge cited by the patent, forward patent citations, and number of patent claims – impact the likelihood of patent acquisition. We based our statistical analysis on a sample of 9716 US Patent and Trademark Office patents assigned to 165 biotechnological firms. Results support our conjectures and offer interesting managerial implications for organisations operating within MFTs indicating which characteristics make patented technological solutions more likely to be acquired by other firms, as a narrow scope, inclusion of scientific knowledge, and a number of forward citations able to increase patent's impact and exclusion rights.     

英国建立技术与创新中心的背景、理念和机制

2010年3月,英国政府出台了《技术与创新中心报告》,其核心内容是建议英国建立一批新的技术与创新中心（TICs）,在技术成长的道路上,对技术进行筛选、整合、培育,直至实现技术的商业化。2010年10B,卡梅伦首相宣布,在未来四年,英国计划投资24L英镑,建立6—8个世纪级技术与创新中心,为英国经济发展注入驱动力。鉴于英国的经验,本文对中国建设国家创新体系的四点建议或思考如下：1．技术创新体系的核心框架：重点产业领域的技术与创新中心;2．技术创新体系的关键任务：形成产业共性技术和关键技术;3．技术创新体系的功能目标：促进科技经济紧密结合：4．政府在建立国家创新体系中的作用：构建框架、引导社会和环境营造。