Productivity Growth in Different Plant‐size Groups in the Malaysian Manufacturing Sector*

In the present study, we develop a stochastic frontier production model that allows for different groups of firms to have different patterns of technical efficiency over time. We apply our model to the Malaysian manufacturing sector to decompose total factor productivity growth into technical efficiency change and technical progress for different plant size groups (e.g. large and small) in seven industries during 2000–2004. Our empirical results indicate that technical efficiency has worsened across all industries and plant‐size groups. In contrast, we find evidence of substantial technical progress in all industries. In fact, technical progress has been larger than technical efficiency deterioration in most industries and plant‐size groups, leading to total factor productivity growth. Our analysis identifies the industries and plant‐size groups that lag the most in terms of productivity, and thus have the greatest scope for policies that facilitate productivity growth.     

数字经济对装备制造业全要素生产率的影响和提升研究

数字经济是中国制造业实现由大变强的必由路径.装备制造业作为工业之母,其数字经济水平是工业技术进步上台阶的重要保障.从全要素生产率视角收集了2005—2018年中国装备制造业及6个细分行业的数据资料,实证研究数字经济对装备制造业全要素生产率的影响.结果显示,数字经济显著提高了中国装备制造业的全要素生产率,其中分解项技术进步的提升效果要大于技术效率.最后从数字经济视角针对装备制造业的全要素生产率提升给出了对策建议.     

Growth and Productivity in Singapore Manufacturing Industries: 1975–1998

Consistently defined price and volume relatives are constructed for 18 manufacturing industries under the two-digit industry classifications officially adopted in 1996. Industry-specific output and materials price deflators for the period 1974–1998 are also constructed. Where the comparison is possible, we arrive at a markedly different conclusion from those in Tsao (1982, 1985 ) and Young (1994 ), and narrow the cause to a difference in the choice of output measure. The updated accounts show that the conventional index number measure of total factor productivity growth (TFPG) for Singapore manufacturing is 2.7% per annum for the period 1975–1998, and exhibits a cyclical pattern over time.     

数字技术创新对制造业绿色全要素生产率影响的门槛效应

制造业作为一个碳排放量较高的行业,其绿色发展已经成为我国实现“双碳”战略目标的重中之重,如何促进制造业的绿色发展是当今重要的研究话题。基于中国30个（因数据缺失,未包括西藏地区和港澳台地区）省份2006—2021年的统计资料,在以环境规制为门槛变量的情况下,实证分析数字技术创新赋能制造业绿色全要素生产率增长的非线性效应。研究发现,数字技术创新对制造业绿色全要素生产率的提升具有显著的积极影响;数字技术创新对制造业绿色全要素生产率的影响呈现非线性关系,具有以环境规制为门槛变量的单一门槛效应;当环境规制强度小于门槛值时,数字技术创新对促进制造业绿色全要素生产率的增长具有较强的正向推动作用,而当环境规制强度大于门槛值时,数字技术创新对制造业绿色全要素生产率增长的推动作用大幅度降低;当地区数字技术创新水平达到一定程度后,门槛效应才开始显著,数字技术创新水平过低时,环境规制强度对数字技术创新促进制造业绿色全要素生产率增长的影响较小。     

Firm Productivity and Mode of Foreign Expansion: Evidence from Taiwanese Manufacturing Firms

This paper builds on the recent literature on firm heterogeneity in international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI), and aims to empirically examine how firm productivity affects a firm’s foreign market entry strategy beyond the simple binary choice between exporting and FDI. Utilizing the panel data of Taiwanese manufacturing firms during 2002–2012, we further classify FDI methods by whole ownership or a joint venture to investigate a firm’s foreign expansion decision. By performing Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) tests, we find that if a firm is more productive, it is more likely to choose FDI rather than exporting. However, productivity of firms choosing whole ownership is not so different from choosing a joint venture. Furthermore, a more productive firm is more likely to conduct both whole ownership of the foreign subsidiary and a joint venture formation in the case of FDI.     

生产性服务业与制造业互动效率的区域比较研究--基于行业市场效率异质的视角

文章通过对区域内生产性服务业与制造业互动效率均衡分析,理论上界定与论证了生产要素在生产性服务业与制造业之间流动性配置的纠偏方向与均衡标准;运用中国工业企业数据库的企业层面数据,结合统计年鉴生产性服务业的同期宏观数据,分区域分行业实证研究发现：东西部区域普遍都存在制造业与生产性服务业整体规模不经济现象、互动效率较低、中部整体投资效率较高,存在较好的互动效果;东部机械制造业、轻工业、化工业、材料业四个行业的市场扭曲程都低于中西部区域;中部区域的机械制造业市场扭曲程度高于东部和西部,轻工业、化工业、材料业的市场扭曲程度都是居中;西部区域的轻工业、化工业、材料业三个行业的市场扭曲程度都是最高的,西部区域的机械制造业市场的扭曲程度高于东部但低于中部,最后分区域提出了对策建议。     

Analysis of Productivity Differences among Foreign and Domestic Firms: Evidence from Germany

This paper presents differences in firm-level total factor productivity (TFP) across 22 manufacturing and 17 service industries in Germany over the period 1995–2004. It is an attempt to study whether and to what extent foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) are more productive relative to German firms. As well as distinguishing between foreign and domestic firms, we also distinguish between German MNEs and domestic firms that do not have any foreign presence. Controlling for endogeneity through semi-parametric techniques, our findings indicate considerable heterogeneity in firm performance across types of firms. The foreign/domestic distinction is not as clear cut as has been suggested elsewhere; multinationality is important in explaining productivity differences rather than foreignness. JEL no. D24, F21, F23     

基于DEA-Malmquist指数法的宁夏制造业全要素生产率分析研究

运用2009-2018年10个行业的面板数据,使用数据包络分析（DEA）和Malmquist指数法的合成模型对宁夏回族自治区制造业及其十个细分行业的综合效率和全要素生产率变化进行分析。运用软件DEAP2.1进行数据的动态分析,得出了宁夏制造业生产率指数按不同时期和不同行业的分解。结果表明：宁夏制造业生产率年均增长为1.1%,而技术效率和规模效率出现年均0.6%和1.4%的衰退,对生产率产生了负面影响。因此,为了保证宁夏制造业生产率的增长,本文结合Malmquist指数法的分析结果从政府层面、企业层面和产业层面三个方面提出了合理的建议。     

Foreign Multinationals and Local Firms in Vietnam's Economic Transition*

This paper compares the economic performance of foreign multinational corporations (MNC) and local firms in Vietnam, distinguishing between two distinct types of local firms: state‐owned enterprises (SOE) and non‐SOE. Between the mid‐1990s and 2000, foreign MNC in Vietnam's economy grew very rapidly, but their growth has been much slower thereafter. Consistent with the theoretical suggestion that MNC possess relatively large amounts of firm‐specific assets related to production technology, marketing networks and management know‐how, these comparisons suggest that foreign MNC were generally larger and had higher labor productivity, capital intensity, wage levels, investment propensities and trade propensities than non‐MNC. On the other hand, foreign MNC tended to have relatively low capital productivity and wage shares of value added, while results regarding profitability were mixed. In general, these differentials tended to be relatively small between foreign MNC and SOE, and SOE tended to be larger than foreign MNC in terms of employment. Correspondingly, comparisons of foreign MNC with non‐MNC generally revealed more consistent differences, largely because the local private sector is still very underdeveloped in Vietnam.     

关于制造业对外转移的研究综述及展望

中国正处于制造业对外转移的阶段。从概念界定、类型、特征、成因和效应等方面对中国制造业对外转移进行综述。结果表明,学界对制造业对外转移的研究在这些方面并未达成一致,特别在制造业对外转移效应方面形成了截然对立的观点。针对现有研究的不足,从制造业对外转移的测度、分地区分行业研究和建立一般均衡分析框架3个方面对未来研究进行展望。     

扩大利用外资提升福建制造业配套能力

目前福建制造业配套能力还存在着产业层次较低、技术创新能力不强、分工协作程度不高、市场辐射能力较弱等问题。福建要抓住国家支持海峡西岸发展的有利机遇,强化产业链招商,积极引导外资投向,推进开发区整合转型,加强闽台产业合作,促进内外资企业的有机对接,加快先进制造业基地的发展。     

R&D和全要素生产率——基于高技术产业的实证分析

文章运用C-D生产函数,通过对高技术产业大中型企业全要素生产率的测算,讨论了影响TFP的主要因素,并估算了这些因素对TFP增长的作用。结论是,高技术产业大中型企业的TFP对产出增长起了主要作用,公共部门的研究与发展投入是促进TFP增长的重要因素。     

Productivity Growth in the Chinese Economy by Industry and the Role of Foreign Capital

I. IntroductionIt is well known that China’s reform and open-up policy initiated in 1978 had an extremelylarge impact on the Chinese economy. This policy represented an about-face against thetraditional self-reconstruction strategy that China had maintained since the founding ofthe people’s Republic in 1949. Although China’s economy temporarily fell into confusionfor a few years after the Tian-an-men incident in 1989, China continued to record high GDPgrowth. Moreover, after Deng Xiao…     

Total Factor Productivity of the Japanese Rice Industry

We calculate partial factor productivity and total factor productivity (TFP) indices for rice production using panel data across 42 Japanese prefectures from 1996 to 2006, and perform panel unit root tests of TFP convergence across prefectures. We find that during this period, the partial factor productivity growth rates for capital, land and materials stagnated at the aggregate national level, as did the TFP growth rate, despite a large increase in labor productivity. We also identify evidence of a convergence in TFP across Japanese prefectures.     

Effects of Knowledge Spillovers on Knowledge Production and Productivity Growth in Korean Manufacturing Firms

Using Korean firm‐level data, this paper studies the effects of knowledge spillovers on knowledge production and productivity growth. Data from 213 Korean firms for the years 1985 to 2007 are used, and the number of patent applications is used as a proxy variable for knowledge. The results show that all the growth rates of output, patents, and productivity are higher in high‐technology firms. Regression results show that the spillover effect on knowledge production and productivity growth is very significant, and that the spillover effect is larger in small firms than in large firms. Moreover, spillover effects on productivity growth are larger after 1995, when Korean intellectual property rights were strengthened. Our findings suggest that the effects of knowledge spillover on productivity are positively correlated with strong intellectual property rights.     

慈善捐赠对全要素生产率的影响研究

在“经济结构转型升级”和“全面追求共同富裕”的新时代背景下,文章深入探究了慈善捐赠对全要素生产率的影响结果及作用机制,并从外部环境和内部治理两个视角分析了其影响的异质性。研究发现,慈善捐赠通过提供优质的人力资本和充足的物质资本间接提高了企业的全要素生产率,且市场化程度、经济政策不确定性和内部控制质量会对慈善捐赠与全要素生产率的关系产生正向影响,而高管股权激励对二者关系产生了负向影响。研究结论为助力企业高质量发展、实现社会公益与经济效益共赢提供了经验指导。     

基于Malmquist指数的装备制造业创新效率及影响因素分析

在保持装备制造业经济总量不断增长的同时,如何有效的提高行业效率,已成为制造业发展中迫切需要解决的战略性问题。本文将装备制造业创新效率及其影响因素纳入一个完整的理论-实证分析框架,运用Malmquist指数法对我国装备制造业全要素生产率增长状况进行了测算,并把全要素生产率(TFP)的增长构成分解为技术进步和技术效率变化两个部分,并对影响因素采用面板模型进行GLS回归。研究结果发现,2000—2010年我国装备制造业年平均增长率为11%,从分行业的角度来看,平均增长最快的是通用设备制造业。通过省级面板数据对我国装备制造业创新效率的影响因素进行分析,回归结果显示,对TFP影响程度最大的因素是技术水平和人力资本存量。TFP影响系数最显著的地区为沿海地区,其次为中部地区、东北地区和西部地区。行业技术水平、地区经济发展水平以及行业开放程度的回归系数为正,人力资本存量的回归系数为负。最后,对提高装备制造业创新效率提出政策性建议。     

服务业全要素生产率测度及其省际差异

运用2005～2009年中国31省份服务业面板数据,采用非参数Malmquist指数方法,对中国服务业全要素生产率的变动原因、空间差异与变动趋势进行考察,并将全要素生产率进一步分解为技术效率和技术进步。研究结果表明,中国服务业整体仍表现为粗放型的增长方式,全要素生产率呈现负增长,但增长速度有所放缓;服务业发展水平的空间差异明显,东部地区服务业发展水平高于中西部地区,其中西部和东北地区服务业发展水平较落后,且技术进步和技术效率对中国及各区域服务业的全要素生产率在时间和空间上有不同的影响。