铬渣治理技术及应用现状

铬渣产量大、毒性剧烈,是严重污染生态环境和危害人类健康的危险废物。详细介绍了几种较为先进的铬渣处理方法的解毒原理、工艺处理过程、应用现状与发展趋势,提出了铬渣作为矿化剂制水泥和铬渣烧结炼铁技术是处理铬渣的发展方向。     

铬渣渗滤液处理方法及应用现状

铬渣产量大、毒性剧烈,是严重污染环境和危害人类健康的危险废物。铬渣的环境污染问题已经引起了国家的高度重视,要求2010年底前,所有历史堆存铬渣实现无害化处理。铬渣堆放所产生的含铬渗滤液已对周围的土壤、地下水乃至居民身体健康造成危害。因此,在铬渣得到治理的同时,含铬渗滤液必须得到有效治理。系统评述了铬渣渗滤液的各种治理技术和应用现状,并展望了含铬废水处理技术的发展前景。     

铬渣污染环境的经济损失分析

铬渣是应用铬铁矿生产金属铬和铬盐（红矾钠）产品时排放的固体废渣，每生产１t金属铬排放７t铬渣，生产１t铬盐净排放２t铬渣。到目前为止，全国已有２５０万t没有治理的铬渣堆存在各大城市境内（如天津、上海、重庆、杭州、长沙、沈阳、济南、青岛、锦州、包头、黄石等），它们严重地污染了城市的生态环境，严重地危害着人民的身心健康，铬渣污染事件在我国频频发生，人们称它们是“可怕的城市毒瘤”、“城市炸弹”！为什么危害这么大的铬渣不能随着铬盐产品的生产做到零排放而拖延至今仍不能解决呢？主要原因有两点：对铬渣的危害性认识…     

铬渣的治理及综合利用

介绍了铬渣的解毒机理、工艺方法及其应用,阐述了铬渣综合利用的主要途径。在无害化处理的基础上,提出了建议以达到综合利用和安全排放的目的。     

铬渣水溶解毒法在工程实践中的应用

铬渣作为铬盐生产过程产生的工业废渣,具有极大的毒性,对人类有很大的危害。在简述铬渣湿法、干法和微生物解毒方法的同时,介绍了一种水溶解毒方法在工程实践中的应用。该方法避免了还原解毒法中还原后的三价铬再次氧化为毒性更大的六价铬的风险,解毒后的铬渣符合进入工业固体废物填埋场的要求。     

从“云南铬渣事件”看中国产业经济转移

2011年8月15日,云南曲靖曝光的重大＂铬污染事件＂,引起了社会各界对这次事件的广泛关注。铬渣污染一直是困扰我国的环保难题,特别是铬盐行业长期被列为国家严重污染行业之首。2005年国家发改委和国家环保总局联合下发《铬渣污染综合整治方案》,要求在2010年底之前,所有堆存铬渣实现无害化处置,彻底消除残存铬渣对环境的威胁。显然,这个目标远未实现,而这次铬污染事件也无疑给中国产业经济转移上了＂生动的一课＂。     

铬渣治理与综合利用

介绍了铬渣的各种无害化处理方法，即采用不同的还原方法使铬渣中的六价铬转变为无毒的三价铬，达到解毒目的。在无害化处理的基础上，阐述了对铬渣进行综合利用的途径。     

清洁生产：原始刨新的社会价值——铬盐清洁生产技术与源头减废

铬渣处理,世界性环保难题 我国目前近80％的铬盐产品是采用传统的有钙焙烧工艺生产的,该工艺在铬盐生产过程中产生了诸多污染。其中,铬渣是铬盐生产过程中产生的含有少量铬酸钙等六价铬的废渣,属危险废弃物。     

一周新闻

云南曲靖铬渣污染114．8万吨铬渣搬走处理 云南曲靖陆良化工实业有限公司1989年投产后一直将产生的大量废料铬渣堆放存珠江源头南盘江边的厂区内，最多时达28．84万吨。截至8月15日，两户受损养羊户共死亡牲畜77只，已收到足额赔偿金9.5万元，以及中毒山羊治疗费0．4万元、死亡牲畜无害化处理费用112万元。曲靖市政府新闻办8月16日通报称，     

从废铬渣中回收镍铬

一、概述以镍铬合金车屑为原料生产硫酸镍,得到一种糊状物——废铬渣。经烘干,渣含 Ni 6～9%,Cr13～20%。由于 Ni、Cr 等有价元素含量较高,不能废弃;又由于渣是呈糊状物形态产出,堆放十分麻烦,还污染环境,故不能长期堆放。因此,必须进一步处理並回收其中的镍、铬等有价元素。经试验研究,采用一次水洗、二次酸溶的沉铬流程,可将渣中80%以上的镍以硫酸镍水溶液的形式直接返回硫酸镍生产工序,其余的镍则以其他镍化合物的形式回收,进一步处理后,也可返回硫酸镍生     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.