资源型城市土地的集约利用

土地资源大面积浪费和土地生态破坏严重等问题在资源型城市转型过程中亟待解决.分析了当前我国资源型城市土地利用存在的弊病,指出土地集约利用的必要性及有效途径,并就资源型城市土地集约利用提出了对策建议.     

当前土地利用中的问题

当前土地管理的重点工作一是治理整顿土地市场秩序,其中包括规范和清理各类开发区;二是即将开展的新一轮土地利用总体规划的修编。从这两项工作的进展和部署情况看,当前土地利用存在一些不容忽视的问题,弄清问题和探究其成因对新一轮规划修编和土地管理工作具有重要意义。     

城市土地集约利用动力机制研究

通过对城市土地集约利用的动力机制的研究,将其划分为内在动力机制和外在动力机制两种类型。其中,内在动力机制主要由聚集效应机制和要素替代机制两方面组成,外生动力主要包括市场驱动机制、政府导向与激励机制、技术创新机制等方面。城市土地就是在内、外在动力机制的共同作用以及多方面因素的制约下,逐步从一种在时间上、空间上的无序状态转变为有序状态的。     

同宗地使用权是否可以分层出让

某市国土资源局以拍卖方式将宗地号为0089的建设用地使用权出让给A公司,用作大型商贸城的建设。双方在拍卖后签订了《国有建设用地使用权出让合同》。合同约定:该宗地块的用途为商业用地。以地上60米为上限、以地下30米为下限,高差为90米。合同签订后,A公司支付了全部价款,国土资源局为其办理了土地使用权证书。一个月后,国土资源局挂牌出让0089号宗地。以地下30米为上限、以地下70米为下限,高差为40米的建设用地使用权,并将此块土地的建设用地使用权出让给了B公司,同时签订了《国有建设用地使用权出让合同》。A公司得知后,认为     

A theory of rent seeking with informational foundations

I develop a model of rent seeking with informational foundations and an arbitrary number of rent seekers, and I compare the results with Tullock’s (1980) classic model where the influence activities are “black-boxed.” Given the microfoundations, the welfare consequences of rent seeking can be studied. In particular, I show that competition among rent seekers can be socially beneficial, since the additional information that the decision maker gets access to makes the increase in rent-seeking expenditures worthwhile. However, the analysis also highlights a logic that, under natural parameter assumptions, makes the rent seekers spend more resources on rent seeking than is in society’s interest, which is consistent with the spirit of the rent-seeking literature.      

现代西方财务理论的七大经济学基础

现代西方财务理论的形成和发展都是建立在经济学理论的基础上的.现代西方财务理论与资本市场血脉相连,其发展都立足于资本市场的发展.本文主要归纳了对财务理论有重要影响的七大经济学基础理论,即:经济人假设、效用理论、选择理论、均衡分析方法、委托代理理论、信息经济学和博弈论.     

Urban land rent theory: a regulationist perspective

Whilst real estate capital became a driving force in analyses of urban development, urban land rent theory has made only very limited progress during the past decade. There are a number of reasons for this – such as a weak conceptualization of the role of political agency, for example. Hence, a way out of this relative stagnation, by attempting to systematically develop an integrated view on structure and agency in the context of urban land rent, is offered in this article. Advances in critical theory, thinking about space and dialectic reasoning contribute to the development of a new perspective on land rent. Land rent is conceptualized as a middle‐range theory. In order to bring together concrete urban phenomena with the general process of political‐economic development, a systematic link between land rent theory and the theoretical apparatus of the French Regulation School is developed. The reformulation of land rent theory from a regulationist perspective underlines the importance of the institutional context (and its changes) for an understanding of rent and its role in the urban context. In so doing, land rent theory proves to be a very useful tool for providing an integrated political‐economic perspective for analyses of urban phenomena. This is illustrated briefly in the cases of Vienna and Montevideo. Si le capital immobilier est devenu un point central des analyses du développement urbain, la théorie n'a guère progressé au cours de la dernière décennie. Plusieurs facteurs sont en cause, telle la faible conceptualisation du rôle politique d'agence. Cet article propose donc une porte de sortie à cette relative stagnation, en tentant de construire systématiquement une vision intégrée de la structure et l'agence dans le cadre de la rente urbaine. Les progrès en matière de théorie critique, réflexion en termes d'espace et raisonnement dialectique facilitent l'élaboration d'une nouvelle perspective sur la location foncière, laquelle est conceptualisée en tant que théorie intermédiaire. Afin de regrouper phénomènes urbains concrets et processus général d'aménagement politico‐économique, une relation systématique est établie entre la théorie sur la rente foncière et l'appareil théorique de l'École Française de Régulation. Reformuler la théorie sur la rente foncière d'un point de vue régulationiste souligne combien le contexte institutionnel (et ses changements) est important pour comprendre la rente et son rôle dans le cadre urbain. Ce faisant, la théorie sur la rente foncière se révèle un outil très utile pour créer une perspective politico‐économique intégrée permettant d'analyser les phénomènes urbains. Cet aspect est brièvement illustré dans les cas de Vienne et Montevideo.     

基于系统动力学的城市产业用地结构研究

土地资源正面I临着空前的危机,城市土地供给结构性矛盾突出.因此,研究城市产业用地结构,对优化土地利用结构,提高土地利用效率具有重要的意义.本文根据系统动力学理论,分析了城市土地利用的系统结构及其影响因素,通过建立产业用地与人口、经济、社会、生态的系统动力学模型,提出了确定合理的城市产业用地结构及规模的思路,拟为土地资源的有效管理和可持续利用提供依据.     

On the use of semimartingales and stochastic integrals to model continuous trading

The continuous-time contingent claim valuation model is generalized to stopping times (random trading dates), giving substance to the question of what it means to have unlimited opportunities to trade while trading intercessions may occur only finitely, albeit arbitrarily, often. Robustness and stability of the contingent claim valuation formula are demonstrated, validating the use of continuous-time models for approximating discrete-time trading environments. The no-arbitrage value of a redundant contingent claim is shown to be a stochastic integral obtained as the limit of bounded arbitrage opportunities. As a corollary, we find that the hypothesis needed to value an American call option is significantly stronger than that sufficient to value a European call option.     

Decision theory for continuous observations: Minimax solutions

This paper is concerned with the existence of minimax solutions in a decision theoretic model for continuous observations as described inIrle, Schmitz, [1914]. There is given a result on the existence of minimax solutions with constant time observation, followed by a discussion of the conditions which are used to prove the above statement.     

土地紧缩政策背景下土地利用问题研究述评——基于城市规划学科的视角

2003年以来国家采取土地紧缩的政策,但城市规划学者对土地问题的关注并不够,很多规划方案难以"落地",研究亦偏重对欧美城市发展模式的借鉴,而对国内体制的剖析不足。从土地权属角度来看,侧重国有土地的规划研究,而忽视集体土地等,这跟国家土地政策走势不太吻合。鉴于此,如何建构一个能促进土地集约利用的机制并构建围绕土地的利益共同体,如何培养一个真正能促进土地集约利用的政府等将是近期亟待研究的重要议题。     

On the land assembly problem

We consider a segment of the land market where the entire available land stock is needed for the realization of some indivisible development project. The stock is shared by several landholders who either collude or negotiate independently with the developer over the prices of their lots. Investigating the price setting behavior of the landowners and the optimal strategy of the developer, we show that landowners set more moderate prices under collusion than when acting independently; in the latter case, the individual asking price falls with the size of the land share, and the total price increases with the number of landowners. As regards the optimal strategy, we find that the developer will in general not offer the lowest price he expects to be accepted by the landowners.     

浅谈征地拆迁工作中问题与对策

文章阐述了处理好征地拆迁工作有利于促进城市建设,城市经济全面完善的观点。     

城市规划对合理利用土地与环境资源的引导

如何在城市建设过程中实现土地与环境资源的合理利用,并使之始终处于经济、社会、环境协调发展的目标控制之中,城市规划的导引作用不容忽视.文章从城市规划观念与编制方法切入,提出在规划设计中建立市场意识,树立效益型环境价值观,探寻合理的规划理念与方法,实现环境有偿享用,回收环境区"外泄收益"、卸载周边"外摊成本",以合理的规划创造高价值区位;深化规划编制内容,通过阶段性公共绿地的"换位"规划,酝酿城市发展潜力,制定"未来旧城改造计划",挖潜土地价值,促进城市土地的集约利用与持续开放.     

土地使用与交通的整合:新城市主义和理性增长

文章的主要目标是评论美国交通与土地利用整合的实践,同时试图针对中国的城市规划实践提出建议.文章由三个部分组成.第一部分介绍城市理性增长作为区域尝试来促进土地利用与交通的整合;第二部分简要评述用以土地利用和交通整合的定量模型和评价可以用于土地利用与交通整合的指标体系;第三部分介绍新城市主义.     

城市用地控制标准执行状况及评析

在对我国当前城市用地扩张控制标准执行情况进行闸述的基础上,具体分析了导致当前我国城市用地扩张控制标准执行失效的原因,并就如何完善城市用地扩张控制标准提出了相关建议.     

Cost-benefit analysis and the use of urban land for transportation

This paper investigates the allocation of resources, particularly land, within a suburban city where transportation is subject to congestion. In the competitive case, the allocation of land is decided (erroneously) by cost-benefit analysis. This is, perhaps, the best model of the real world process, at this level of abstraction. It is found that the road then built is wider everywhere than the road in the fully optimum case. Hence, if taxes and regulations will eventually be imposed to reduce the gap between the social and private cost of commuting, possibly too much land is now used for roads in American cities.