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1.
Taking the case study of a community based protest against the closure of a swimming pool in Glasgow, this paper seeks to raise important critical questions about some of the key ideas informing New Labour's urban policy agenda: social capital and active community. It argues that normative notions of active citizenship seriously conflict with bottom-up community protests, highlighting in the process issues of power and inequality. Against claims that New Labour is promoting government through community, here we claim that in the context of this community protest, there was government against community.  相似文献   

2.
In 1878, one of Britain’s largest banks, the City of Glasgow Bank, collapsed, leaving a huge deficit between its assets and liabilities. As this bank, similar to many other contemporary British banks, had unlimited liability, its failure was accompanied by the bankruptcy of the vast majority of its stockholders. It is generally believed that the collapse of this depository institution revealed the extent to which ownership in large joint-stock banks had been diffused to investors of very modest means. It is also believed that the failure resulted in bank shareholders dumping their shares unto the market. Our evidence, garnered from ownership records, trading data, and stock prices, offers no support for these widely held beliefs.  相似文献   

3.
社区参与民族村寨旅游开发的途径探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
社区参与民族村寨旅游开发可分为直接参与途径和间接参与途径两种,而参与到民族村寨旅游开发的居民也可以认为是全民性的。  相似文献   

4.
South Africa is a water-stressed country that over a protracted period has suffered from poor water service delivery. The major problems are inefficient operations, lack of capacity in spending allocated budgets, unclear management structures, and a long-term decline in capital expenditure. Economists have long argued that private investment will bring good fiscal control and efficient structures and will improve service delivery. However, there may be trade-offs between this improved economic efficiency and the necessity to pursue more egalitarian social outcomes. The purpose of this research is to explore the experience of private-sector investment on operational efficiencies and social objectives in the South African water sector in the Mbombela Concession. The study concludes that, in this case, private investment has enhanced service delivery by improving efficiency, technical skills and the capacity to spend allocated budgets without any significant negative impacts on equitable water distribution.  相似文献   

5.
本文以上海住宅市场为例,采用单位根与协整检验及误差纠正模型方法,检验长期和短期性住宅价格泡沫的存在性。通过引入住宅抵押贷款信贷额度这一新的变量,本文将抵押贷款利率对住宅价格的影响非线性化,得到了与一般经济理论相符的协整方程。结论表明,上海市住宅市场在长期并不存在泡沫,但在短期内存在价格泡沫。另外,住宅市场的结构性变化对价格泡沫存在性的结论具有一定影响。  相似文献   

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住宅权属差异导致了家庭住宅财富差异,进而影响了家庭消费偏好.本文基于一个非住宅耐用品消费决策的随机最优控制模型,采用1991—2006年 CHNS 数据并运用动态面板数据模型,考察了家庭住宅权属差异对耐用品消费的影响.本文的主要发现是,同理论预期一致,自有住宅家庭的耐用品消费明显高于租住房屋家庭,而且住宅权属消费效应随着家庭脆弱性增强而下降.本文的政策含义是要通过降低家庭脆弱性、创新保障性住房分配模式来缩小居民住宅权属差异和促进消费增长  相似文献   

8.
Annual survey data spanning three decades and a non-parametric technique for constructing counterfactual distributions are employed to analyze the relationship between earnings and the distribution of household income in Brazil. Results show that significant changes in the structure of female earnings reflecting rising wages and participation rates had limited equalizing consequences but considerable poverty-reducing effects. These developments counterbalanced poverty-increasing changes in the structure of male earnings. A stable macroeconomic environment was associated with a consistent but a limited fall in inequality and a strong decline in poverty mainly related to rising earnings among women at the lower end of the household income distribution.  相似文献   

9.
面对高度不确定的国际市场环境,跨国企业亟需利用海外客户参与来实现知识汲取和学习转化,以加快对市场需求的理解与反馈。本文选取四家中国跨国企业进行多案例分析,探究环境不确定情境下中国跨国企业如何通过海外客户参与进行学习转化。研究发现,第一,企业对环境不确定性动态程度(突变程度和渐变程度)的感知分别来源于其自身的资源约束和信息约束;第二,环境不确定性感知影响中国跨国企业海外客户参与策略的选择,包括动态参与和预期参与;第三,在海外客户参与过程中,企业可以通过将不同维度的学习(认知维度和行为维度)进行转化,以形成应对环境不确定性的快速响应机制。研究结果拓展了环境不确定性情境下客户参与理论在组织学习领域的应用,同时能够为中国跨国企业应对不确定性压力、制定科学的非市场策略提供有益的经验借鉴和理论指导。  相似文献   

10.
The present study examines the sensitivity of commercial banks' stock excess returns to their volatility and financial risk factors, measured by interest rates and exchange rates, across the recent Asian financial crisis. In general, we found that there were no significant differences among Malaysian commercial banks in their risk exposure prior to and during the Asian financial crisis. The introduction of selective capital controls, a fixed exchange rate regime and a forced banking consolidation program, however, had increased the risk exposure of both large and small domestic banks. The effects of these risk factors were significantly detected in both large and small banks.  相似文献   

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Community involvement in regeneration is far from easy, and is difficult to define. The New Deal for Communities programme has directly involved residents in the governance of neighbourhood renewal with some success. However, community capacity has proved to be limited, adequate representation is difficult to achieve and there has been friction with local government. Community empowerment has to be enabled and supported by getting the structures and processes right, and supporting community representatives.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

This article documents the biographies of 60 homeless people from a range of different backgrounds in South Africa’s capital city of Pretoria. The article focuses on their right to the city and how the lack thereof affects their daily lives. It explores the challenges they face on a daily basis and the different strategies they implement in mitigating these challenges.  相似文献   

14.
The present study adds to the empirical literature examining the effects of conditional cash transfers on school outcomes. Using school‐level and student‐level enrolment data from Davao Oriental Philippines, we evaluate the influence of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (also known as 4Ps), a social development policy program, on the growth rates in school enrolment outcomes. The findings show that 4Ps, on average, increased school enrolment of children by 1.12 percent. It was also apparent that using student‐level data as opposed to school‐level data revealed a more robust effect of 4Ps on school outcomes. We also found some school and socioeconomic characteristics influencing the change in school enrolments. Finally, this study highlights the role of government intervention programs in improving access to education in the poorest sector of the economy.  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT

The article analyses Swedish and Finnish patent agents and their businesses at the turn of the twentieth century. Due to legal requirements, all foreign patent applications had to pass through the hands of patent agents. Despite the central role, this transnational business of technology intermediation has received only limited attention in the scholarship. The article studies the business relationships between the patent agents and their clients, and employs new datasets, which include information about all foreign patentees using a patent agent in 1860–1910. The main findings are that the transnational business relationships affected the specialisation of national patent agents, especially in Finland, where patent agents with a legal background contributed to the inflow of inventions managed by Swedish patent agents. Patent agent services also represented significant indirect costs of the patent systems for their foreign clients.  相似文献   

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中国城乡关系演变60年:回顾与展望   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
韩俊 《改革》2009,(11)
新中国成立60年来,城乡关系经历了深刻变迁,城乡关系得到了很大程度的改善。当前,中国农业基础地位尚不稳固,缩小城乡居民收入差距任务艰巨,缩小城乡社会公共事业差距任重道远,城乡分割的二元结构尚未破除。加快建立平等和谐的城乡关系,需解决好农民土地权益如何有效保护、农业基础地位如何强化、信贷资金如何配置、农村富余劳动力如何转移、县域经济和小城镇如何发展壮大、新型农民如何培育等问题。  相似文献   

18.
Using a comparative-static general equilibrium model in the context of the Western Hemisphere, this paper compares the economic effects of a “hub-and-spokes” type of bilateral trade configuration (with Chile being the hub) with those of a more comprehensive regional FTA (namely, the FTAA). The model is augmented to account for the possibility of technology spillovers and its effective assimilation among participating economies. In particular, absorptive capacity, governance factor, proximity and socio-institutional congruence conjointly determine an economy’s capacity to capture the technology that is transmitted from the developed spoke United States to other regions. JEL no. D58, F13, O33  相似文献   

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