共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Philippe Thalmann Lawrence H. Goulder François Delorme 《International Tax and Public Finance》1996,3(4):449-478
Changes in capital taxes by one economy spill onto other economies with internationally mobile capital. We evaluate these impacts using a two-region, intertemporal general equilibrium model. The foreign economy's unilateral reduction in corporate income taxation has positive but small effects on U.S. welfare. In contrast, unilateral reductions in personal income taxation impose large negative spillovers. The differences result from CIT being source-based and PIT residence-based. The CIT cut reduces tax burdens to U.S. residents who invest abroad, while the PIT cut reduces foreigners' tax burdens only. Through general equilibrium adjustments neglected in simpler models, the PIT cut lowers U.S. residents' welfare. 相似文献
2.
宪政税收是宪法上对税收核心规则或最高原则的创设与运用之政法过程的制度性规范,这一过程要求税收的每一个核心要素都受制于宪政税收。理论上,一个符合中国现实的宪政税收模型是人民代表的一致同意。因为国家和人民的基本关系其实是税收关系,所以必须在宪法上界定国家与人民的权力与权利、责任与义务并使其基本关系宪法化。实践上,应以宪政税收为基本出发点,修改宪法的涉税条款,不必出台税收基本法,并以宪法理念或精神指导税收法律体系或制度的构建。 相似文献
3.
This article conducts a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to investigate the impacts of a carbon tax on economy at province levels in China since China features significantly differentiated development modes across regions. Three representative provinces including Henan, Fujian, and Chongqing are selected as the sample. The empirical results indicate that carbon tax is an efficient policy to reduce carbon emissions accompanied with negative impact on provincial economy. To cushion the negative impacts of carbon tax, a moderate carbon tax rate and carbon tax recycling policy are recommended according to the simulation results. 相似文献
4.
Environmental taxation and the double dividend: A reader's guide 总被引:27,自引:6,他引:27
Lawrence H. Goulder 《International Tax and Public Finance》1995,2(2):157-183
There has been considerable debate as to whether the revenue-neutral substitution of environmental taxes for ordinary income taxes might offer a double dividend: not only (1) improve the environment but also (2) reduce certain costs of the tax system. This paper articulates different notions of double dividend and examines the theoretical and empirical evidence for each. It also connects the double-dividend issue with principles of optimal environmental taxation in a second-best setting.A weak double-dividend claim-that returning tax revenues through cuts in distortionary taxes leads to cost savings relative to the case where revenues are returned lump sum-is easily defended on theoretical grounds and (thankfully) receives wide support from numerical simulations. The stronger versions contend that revenueneutral swaps of environmental taxes for ordinary distortionary taxes involve zero or negative gross costs. Theoretical analyses and numerical results tend to cast doubt on the strong double-dividend claim, although the theoretical case is not air-tight and the numerical evidence is mixed. 相似文献
5.
This paper studies the effect of investor-specific differentialdividend taxation on the dynamics of equilibrium security pricesand allocations. In order to deal with the inherent Paretoinefficiency of such an equilibrium as well as the preclusion oftax arbitrage, we construct a continuous-time equilibrium via arepresentative investor with state-dependent utility. Investorsdiffer in their pricing of risk, inducing investor-specificconsumption-based CAPMs, with differential taxation appearing asan additional factor. The interest rate, stock price, andconsumption dynamics are also impacted. Under logarithmicpreferences, risk is transferred from the higher-taxed to thelower-taxed investor, and the interest rate decreases tocounteract extra precautionary savings against this suboptimallyshared risk. Numerical analysis reveals further tax rate,time-to-horizon, and dividend risk effects on equilibriumquantities. For most wealth allocations, the stock returnvolatility is increased above the no-tax benchmark. 相似文献
6.
赵丽萍 《内蒙古财经学院学报(综合版)》2011,9(3):19-21
鉴于国家、企业对高级税务专业人才的需求日益增强,广东商学院财税学院肩负着为广东省乃至华南地区培养大量高层次、实用型的税务专业人才的重任。如何在新形势、新变化、新要求下培养适合社会需要的税务专业的人才?如何明确税务专业的人才培养目标?本文以广东商学院税务专业为例,对税务专业教学方面提出一些建议,着力培养应用型、融通性、开放式的高级专门人才。 相似文献
7.
John W. Birch Mark A. Sunderman Brent C Smith 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2004,29(1):71-78
This paper applies a model to test for vertical inequity in property taxes using a set of residential sales from Bloomington, Indiana. The initial purpose is to compare results with those using the presently accepted regression approach as applied by Smith, B. C. (2000). (See Journal of Real Estate Research 19(3), 321–344, to the same data.) The new outcomes demonstrate there can be significant inequity in a jurisdiction that remains hidden under previous testing methods. Also, the new procedure generates multipliers to adjust for identified inequities. Findings imply that tests for value-related inequity in property tax assessment should be conducted using multiple spatial scales. 相似文献
8.
Giampaolo Arachi 《International Tax and Public Finance》2001,8(2):171-188
This note shows that residence- and source-based taxes on capital income are not sufficient to sustain an efficient Nash equilibrium when several goods are internationally traded, apart from two special cases. With several traded commodities, domestic fiscal policies affect foreign welfare not only through changes in the world interest rate but also through changes in the equilibrium relative prices of traded commodities. In order to guarantee the existence of an efficient Nash equilibrium in the general case, additional tax instruments are required. In particular, destination-based taxes on traded commodities are needed to enable the government to control the relative commodity prices faced by domestic consumers. In addition, in order to shield domestic producers from changes in world prices, the government must levy either origin-based commodity taxes or taxes on the immobile factors. 相似文献
9.
税收学:方位与发展--关于拓展我国税收理论研究领域的思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
当前,西方经济学下的税收学研究还存在微观基础不充分的问题,同时税收学的跨学科研究仍需加强。因此,在继续关注当前研究热点的前提下,税收理论研究还应当向企业税收学、税收法律运行及税收伦理学等研究领域拓展。 相似文献
10.
以往国内利用可计算一般均衡(CGE)模型进行实证研究的文献,大多是假设中国处在资本充足、充分就业的新古典主义宏观闭合框架下,忽视了我国目前处于二元经济的客观事实。本文基于中国现阶段的基本国情,建立了一个刘易斯宏观闭合下的CGE模型,并利用该方法模拟了2008年末我国启动的政府投资(1.18万亿)对经济各个方面产生的影响。模拟结果显示:政府投资将会在未来几年之内拉动实际GDP增长1.83%、提升总消费2.1%、社会总投资9.89%、进口额2.09%、出口额2.14%,同时将带来约1805万的新增就业机会。 相似文献
11.
George R. Zodrow 《International Tax and Public Finance》2006,13(2-3):269-294
This paper examines the taxation of capital income in a small open economy that faces a highly elastic supply of internationally
mobile capital and increasing tax competition. The analysis considers a wide variety of additional factors that affect the
determination of capital income taxation policy, including the desire to tax economic rents earned by foreign and domestic
firms, the desire to take advantage of any treasury transfer effects, the role played by transfer pricing and other financial
accounting manipulations by foreign multinationals, the need for a backstop to the personal income tax and various political
concerns. The paper evaluates several potential income and consumption-based tax reforms in this context.
JEL Code: H21, H25, H87 相似文献
12.
Joel Slemrod 《International Tax and Public Finance》2001,8(2):119-128
This paper generalizes the standard model of how taxes affect the labor-leisure choice by allowing individuals to change both their labor supply and avoidance effort in response to tax changes. Doing so reveals that the income and substitution effect of taxes depend on both preferences and the avoidance technology. Econometric analysis will not in general allow one to separately identify the two influences, unless one can specify observable determinants of the cost of avoidance. The effective marginal tax rate on working must be modified by the addition of an avoidance-facilitating effect, which measures how the cost of avoidance changes with higher income. This model provides a conceptual structure for evaluating to what extent, and in what situations, the opportunities for tax avoidance mitigate the real substitution response to taxation. 相似文献
13.
Recent work has started to analyze the choice of international commodity tax base under conditions of imperfect competition. This paper focuses on the effects of changing levels of trade barriers in a model where firms engage in duopoly competition and governments set commodity taxes non-cooperatively. It is shown that the consumption base (destination principle) dominates the production base (origin principle) when trade costs are high, but the ranking of the two tax bases is reversed for low levels of trade costs. We conclude that the case for origin-based commodity taxes becomes stronger when barriers to trade fall. 相似文献
14.
This paper reviews the empirical literature on the impact of company taxes on the allocation of foreign direct investment. We compare the outcomes of 25 empirical studies by computing the tax rate elasticity under a uniform definition. The median value of the tax rate elasticity in the literature is around –3.3 (i.e. a 1%-point reduction in the host-country tax rate raises foreign direct investment in that country by 3.3%). There exists substantial variation across studies, however. By performing a meta-analysis, the paper aims to explain this variation by the differences in characteristics of the underlying studies. Systematic differences between studies are found with respect to the type of foreign capital data used, and the type of tax rates adopted. We find no systematic differences in the responsiveness of investors from tax credit countries and tax exemption countries. 相似文献
15.
In this paper, we explore how the government can play a role in affecting the compensation policies of private firms in a
manner that complements its income tax policies. We illustrate how this role of the government can be served by minimum wage
legislation.
JEL Code: H2, D6 相似文献
16.
Wolfram F. Richter 《International Tax and Public Finance》2000,7(1):23-41
The usual arguments pro destination-based, consumption-oriented or pro origin-based, production-oriented VAT are found wanting. They largely ignore tax effects on locational choices of firms. This paper provides a comparison of consumption and production taxation within a model of firm and household mobility. It is shown that the case for consumption taxation becomes stronger when profit taxes are not available. The consumption tax is the more targeted instrument when households are to be induced to locate efficiently. It is argued that, with border controls lacking, the alternative option should be seen more in a wage tax and less in a production tax. 相似文献
17.
In January 2003, the Bush Administration proposed a new system for taxing corporate dividends, under which domestic shareholders in U.S. corporations would not be taxed on dividends they received, provided the corporation distributed these dividends out of after-tax earnings (the Bush Proposal). The Bush Proposal was introduced in Congress on February 27, 2003. Ultimately, however, Congress balked at enacting full-fledged dividend exemption. Instead, in the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 (JGTRRA) as enacted on May 28, 2003, a lower rate of 15% was adopted for dividends paid by domestic and certain foreign corporations,1 and the capital gains rate was likewise reduced to 15%. Significantly and in stark contrast to the original Bush proposal, under JGTRRA the lower rate for dividends and capital gains does not depend on any tax being paid at the corporate level.This comment will focus primarily on the international aspects of both the Bush Proposal and JGTRRA. I will not lay out the proposal or the law in any detail. Instead, I will ask whether either the Bush Proposal or JGTRRA make sense from an economic efficiency perspective when the international implications are taken into account. I will leave to others the question of whether either the Bush Proposal or JGTRRA are sensible ways to stimulate the economy (for discussion of the effect of the 2001 tax cuts see Shapiro and Slemrod, 2001, 2002). I will also omit any discussion of the distributive effects of either the Bush Proposal or JGTRRA, which have been extensively discussed elsewhere (e.g., Tax Policy Center, 2003; Burman, Gale and Orszag, 2003). 相似文献
18.
货币反替代及其影响的动态CGE研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
现阶段存在的人民币升值趋势出现了居民增持本币资产和抛售外币资产这一"货币反替代"问题。运用动态可计算一般均衡(CGE)模型—MCHUGE模型分析货币反替代对当前中国宏观经济的影响及不同货币反替代程度下的走势,其仿真结果表明:人民币的小幅度反替代可以在保持中国经济平稳运行的前提下释放人民币升值压力,同时可以改善中国的贸易条件,有利于出口竞争型企业的发展,但从事初级产品生产的产业将受到不同程度的负面冲击,产出水平和就业都有所衰退。 相似文献
19.
我国的合并纳税制度目前只针对特批企业,这不利于企业集团之间公平竞争。对企业集团合并纳税范围及不同国家合并纳税模式的比较与分析表明:我国应进一步完善所得税法等法律法规,保证税收公平,积极建设我国的"集团纳税制度"。 相似文献
20.
刘俊清 《内蒙古财经学院学报》2012,(2):59-62
税收是国家财政收入的主要来源,是调节经济、调节税收分配的重要杠杆,是国家公共政策的重要组成部分。本文从内蒙古目前环境现状和税收参与生态经济建设的现状分析入手,重点揭示税收在调节生态建设中存在的突出问题,提出了内蒙古生态经济建设的税收支持对策,对于推进内蒙古经济社会可持续发展以及全国生态经济建设具有重要意义。 相似文献