第四单元：知识产权保护与资产评估——知识产权保护的政策措施

此单元的演讲嘉宾为国家知识产权局协调管理司副司长曾武宗，最高人民法院民三庭副庭长孔祥俊，商务部条法司知识产权法律处处长陈福利，深圳市注册资产评估师协会秘书长王毅。他们分别从政策层面、知识产权海外经营、司法实践及评估服务多角度发表演讲，介绍了关于知识产权保护与资产评估方面宝贵的经验及成果，对知识产权战略的实施具有很大的推动作用。 孔祥俊副庭长在题为“知识产权侵权与损害赔偿”的演讲中，介绍了目前在知识产权侵权与损害赔偿中遵循的一些原则、发展的趋势及存在的一些问题，并希望能得到相关部门和行业的支持。 陈福利处长在“企业知识产权海外经营”的演讲中，结合自己的工作实际，简要介绍了在“走出去”过程中遇到的知识产权问题、知识产权纠纷问题，并希望得到相关部门和机构的支持，最后他还介绍了目前国家在稳步推进企业知识产权海外维权机制的建设情况。 王毅秘书长在题为“知识产权侵权损害赔偿评估研究”演讲中，从评估的角度对损害赔偿的相关问题进行了探讨。介绍了知识产权侵权损害赔偿的计算方法，对知识产权侵权损害赔偿评估和企业价值评估的异同进行了详细的比较，对损失赔偿计量标准作了初步探讨。他认为，评估师要成为一名损害赔偿评估专家，不仅需要扎实的企业价值评估功底和理论修养，同时还需通晓经济、统计、市场营销、财务会计及知识产权法等方面的知识。     

地权稳定与农业生产

本文以《农村土地承包法》在省一级层面的实施作为政策冲击,研究稳定的农村土地承包经营权对农业生产效率等的影响及其作用机制。主要研究结论如下:第一,稳定的农地承包经营权能够增强经营主体对未来的确定性预期,保障各方市场主体的合法权益,活跃土地流转并有效提升农业生产效率;第二,《农村土地承包法》的实施促进了农户转出而非转入土地,农业生产效率提升主要源自稳定产权的直接激励效应以及由此带来的资源配置效率改进,稳定的农地产权能够促进土地有效流转,优化农户农业生产与劳动配置决策;第三,地权稳定性改革有效缓解了因人口流出与区位劣势造成的农业生产效率损失,显著提高了农户的务工收入以及整体收入水平。本文研究结论表明,合理的制度设计能够提升农业生产效率,提高农村土地和劳动力资源的配置效率。清晰的产权设计、合理的预期管理是实现市场化资源配置的必要条件。     

物权编体系重构应变土地所有权为非限定土地使用权

《物权法》以土地所有权为基础,忽视了公有制下土地所有权的特殊性,导致了精神背离和体系紊乱。土地所有权更多是公权力,构成土地基础性财产权的是土地使用权。在土地使用权的制度实践中,存在一种非限定的土地使用权类型,其用途非限定、时间永久且可自由转让,物权编应以之作为土地所有权在物权法中的对应权利,而将土地所有权逐出物权编,从而建立起以非限定土地使用权为自物权,以限定土地使用权为用益物权的物权体系。     

农村“两权”抵押贷款试点实践与发展建议——以福建省为例

农村承包土地的经营权和农民住房财产权抵押贷款试点历时三年多,取得积极成效,为农村产权制度改革积累了有益经验,对促进农村产权制度改革发挥了积极作用。本文以福建省为例,梳理和总结试点以来对核心问题的探索、实践和成效,并结合当前国家对农村产权制度改革和"两权"抵押的工作安排,就进一步推进"两权"抵押支持乡村振兴战略实施提出政策建议。     

农地产权分类与资本化:枣庄农村土地经营收益权抵押贷款案例

枣庄市适应农村土地流转经营需求,创新开办了农村土地经营收益权抵押贷款业务,＂唤醒＂了沉睡的土地资产,实现了农村土地经营的规模化和资本化,拓展了涉农金融机构的信贷空间,满足了政银农三方的利益诉求,对破解农民贷款难题具有一定的推广价值。     

Legal Liability as an Environmental Policy Tool: Some Implications for Land Markets

This article considers the use of legal liability as a tool for internalizing environmental externalities, considering specifically the implications for land markets. The discussion focuses on liability under CERCLA. A simple model of land markets is used to evaluate alternative assignments of liability in terms of their impacts on decisions to buy and sell property and to invest in pollution abatement. The results suggest that the existence of a land market can alter the effect of the liability rule. In some cases the land market can eliminate an inefficiency that would otherwise exist, while in other cases it can create one.     

现代会计理论的产权基础

会计作为一种微观计量机制,在维护产权权能、实现产权利益和内部化外部性过程中处于最基础、最重要和最具操作性的地位。外部性内部化的"结果"产生了"产权",而外部性内部化的"过程"则催生了"会计"。会计对外部性内部化的贡献与生俱来:会计的本质是外部性内部化,会计的目标是内部化外部性,会计的职能是界定财权和保护财权,会计的对象是财权流。会计是以货币为主要量度,依据公认标准来界定财权(产权)和保护财权(产权)以内部化外部性的微观计量系统。     

Financial Development, Property Rights, and Growth

In countries with more secure property rights, firms might allocate resources better and consequentially grow faster as the returns on different types of assets are more protected against competitors' actions. Using data on sectoral value added for a large number of countries, we find evidence consistent with better property rights leading to higher growth through improved asset allocation. Quantitatively, the growth effect is as large as that of improved access to financing due to greater financial development. Our results are robust using various samples and specifications, including controlling for growth opportunities.     

产权、所有权与劳动价值论

产权是我国市场经济改革中一个非常重要的理论范畴,但关于产权的认识存在新制度经挤学和马克思主义经济学理论的混乱.本文指出西方新制度经济学的产权主要是指私有产权;现代马克思主义经济学的产权主要是指财产所有权的最终实现形式,具体包括物权、债权、股权和知识产权等各类财产权.并探讨了产权理论与劳动价值论的理论关系.     

知识产权管理现状与发展思路

2003年前,建设银行所拥有的知识产权数量很少,只有13件商标和1件技术含量很低的外观设计专利;没有专门的知识产权工作管理部门,相关工作分散于行长办公室、     

以产权保护为导向的注册会计师审计理论研究

有效地保护产权是经济转型国家发展市场经济的迫切需要。本文从审计角度探讨产权保护问题,并提出应当以产权保护为导向开展审计理论研究。文章论证了以产权保护作为审计理论研究导向的经济学理论基础,并对审计理论研究的产权保护导向与传统审计理论的一致性进行了较为系统的分析,在此基础上,本文构建了以产权保护作为导向的新的审计理论结构体系;最后,对本文的研究意义作了简要的概括。     

产权税收理论初探

税收的目的物是产权。产权税收理论的提出主要是为如何确定税收边界提供理论依据。在产权明确存在的地方,税收或税收权力应当介入,否则会导致税收真空;在产权不存在或不明确存在的地方,税收或税收权力就不应当介入,否则就导致税收或税收权力滥用。从税收的产权本质看,可将税收体系划分为产权交易税、产权收益税与产权静态税。三者存在一定程度的重复征税,但这不违背税收的本质。     

北京大学-林肯研究院城市发展与土地政策研究中心

研究生奖学金、研究基金申请通知北京大学-林肯研究院城市发展与土地政策研究中心(简称北大-林肯研究中心或PLC)由北京大学与美国林肯土地政策研究院     

A Tale of Two Growth Engines: Interactive Effects of Monetary Policy and Intellectual Property Rights

How do intellectual property rights that determine the market power of firms influence the growth and welfare effects of monetary policy? To analyze this question, we develop a monetary hybrid endogenous growth model in which R&D and capital accumulation are both engines of long‐run economic growth. We find that monetary expansion hurts economic growth and social welfare by reducing R&D and capital accumulation. Furthermore, a larger market power of firms strengthens these growth and welfare effects of monetary policy through the R&D channel but weakens these effects through the capital‐accumulation channel. Therefore, whether the market power of firms amplifies or mitigates the welfare cost of inflation depends on the relative importance of the two growth engines. Finally, we calibrate the model using data in the United States and the Euro Area to quantitatively evaluate and compare the welfare cost of inflation in these two economies and find that the R&D channel dominates in both economies.     

产权范式的财务研究:历史与逻辑勾画

财务与产权之间的紧密联系与生俱来,二者在交叉融合的过程中相互渗透、借鉴而共同发展。产权理论提供了剖析财务理论的新视角,财务理论推动产权理论在企业层面不断发展。产权财务学派以"财权"为核心,遵循产权分析法范式,产生了两大极具中国特色的理论成果——财权理论与财务治理理论,对传统财务理论具有重大开创性。它弥补了传统财务理论的重大缺陷,顺应了现代财务理论变革的内在要求,是一种重要的理论创新。     

Two-Rate Property Tax Effects on Land Development

Economists have long understood that the conventional property tax causes the housing stock to be smaller than it would be in the presence of a nondistortionary tax such as a land or site value tax. This article brings together the results from models of housing development timing and structural density with the results of a modern model of a graded property tax in an urban setting. The combination of results is used to investigate the effects of a communitys movement from a property tax to a two-rate tax system where land is taxed at a higher rate than structures. The conditions under which increasing reliance on a land or site value tax will increase housing structural density and speed of development are identified and examined. Policy implications are drawn.     

我国农地制度的现状及其创新行为分析——基于土地发展权的视角

从土地发展权视角研究我国现行的农地制度显示,现行的农地管理制度存在一定的缺陷,为此,面对土地流转,利益体突破现行管理制度进行了创新.但也不难看出,政府是主要的创新实体,农民的创新能力有限,难以成为最强的创新者.在缺失土地发展权的条件下,农民仍然是城市化进程中主要的利益受损者,这个群体利益的保障最终要靠持有土地发展权,平等参与土地流转来实现.     

Targeting Child Labor in Debt Bondage: Evidence, Theory, and Policy Implications

Despite recent multilateral efforts to single out child laborin debt bondage as one of the worst forms of child labor, severalimportant questions have yet to be addressed: How pervasiveis the phenomenon? Are there systematic correlations betweenthe incidence of children in debt bondage and the economic,legislative, and financial development indicators of the economy?How does an understanding of these correlates affect the waynational and international policy measures aimed at targetingthis form of child labor are perceived? This article addresseseach of these questions. The empirical findings suggest strongcorrelation between the likelihood of the incidence of childlabor in debt bondage with the stage of development of an economy,the stage of financial development, and enforcement of corelabor rights. Building on this evidence, the article presentsa theoretical model that highlights the drawbacks and meritsof a number of policies aimed at putting checks on child laborin debt bondage.