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1.
Innovation in SMEs exhibits some peculiar features that most traditional indicators of innovation activity do not capture.
Therefore, in this paper, we develop a structural model of innovation that incorporates information on innovation success
from firm surveys along with the usual R&D expenditures and productivity measures. We then apply the model to data on Italian
SMEs from the “Survey on Manufacturing Firms” conducted by Mediocredito-Capitalia covering the period 1995–2003. The model
is estimated in steps, following the logic of firms’ decisions and outcomes. We find that international competition fosters
R&D intensity, especially for high-tech firms. Firm size and R&D intensity, along with investment in equipment, enhances the
likelihood of having both process and product innovation. Both these kinds of innovation have a positive impact on firm’s
productivity, especially process innovation. Among SMEs, larger and older firms seem to be less productive.
相似文献
Jacques MairesseEmail: |
2.
Using panel data of 4,244 company years, we examine whether and how corporate social performance (CSP) affects a firm’s capacity
to achieve profitable sales in foreign markets. Based on our extension of instrumental stakeholder theory into the international
arena, we hypothesized a U-shaped relationship between CSP and multinationality. Results supported our contention that multinational
enterprises (MNEs) need to be substantially committed to social performance objectives if they are to recoup the cost of their
CSP investments, and improve their capacity to compete in foreign markets. MNEs engaged in intermediate levels of CSP achieve
lower levels of multinationality than firms operating at either anchor of the social performance continuum. In addition, this
study demonstrates that CSP moderates a well-established relationship in international business literature – the relationship
between R&D investment and a firm’s multinationality. Implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
3.
This paper documents the relationship between R&D, firm size, and growth rate for a panel data of Taiwanese electronics firms.
Using GMM method to control for endogeneity of R&D, the main finding is that an increase in R&D induces a higher growth rate
and this impact is particularly higher for small firms. Testing Gibrat’s law shows that small firms indeed have a higher growth
rate than their larger counterparts, while size is independent with firm growth in the group of large-sized
firms, supporting the weak form of Gibrat’s law. 相似文献
4.
Nuria E. Hurtado-Torres J. Alberto Aragón-Correa Natalia Ortiz-de-Mandojana 《International Business Review》2018,27(3):514-527
This paper examines the effects of the degree and geographic diversification of a firm’s R&D internationalization on its innovative performance. We use an unbalanced panel dataset of 401 observations from 110 multinational firms operating in the energy industry over a period of six years to support the argument that both the degree and the geographic diversification of a firm’s R&D internationalization have an inverted U-shaped relationship with a firm’s innovative performance. Our results also show that collaboration among R&D units located in different countries moderates this relationship by reducing both the positive effects and the challenges of the degree of R&D internationalization. This paper extends the emerging innovation focus in the headquarters–subsidiary literature by contributing to our understanding of the implications of the international R&D activities of firms and supports the utilization of social exchange theory in order to identify the moderating influence of the collaboration among a firm’s R&D units located in different countries. 相似文献
5.
In addition to the usual variables representing firm- and industry-specific features that impact the firm’s survival, this
paper uses three R&D related variables to reflect two Schumpeterian technological regimes: creative destruction (the entrepreneurial
regime) and creative accumulation (the routinized regime). After controlling for age, size, entry barriers, capital intensity,
the profit margin, the concentration ratio, the profit-cost ratio and entry rates, the empirical results confirm the theoretical
relationship between technological regimes and the survival rate of new firms: new firms are more likely to survive under
the entrepreneurial regime. Moreover, this effect is larger within the younger cohorts of firms than within the older ones.
相似文献
6.
T. J. Vapola Päivi Tossavainen Mika Gabrielsson 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2008,6(1):1-21
In the high-tech industries, new innovations affect a multinational company’s (MNC’s) competitive advantage. This article
empirically explores why and how MNCs complement their in-house R&D by forming strategic alliance constellations with small,
innovative born globals. We focus on loose, non-equity opportunity-seeking co-opetitive relationships. We call this approach
the battleship strategy. The critical elements of an MNC’s battleship strategy include an open innovation commercialization
strategy and creation of forums for facilitating open innovation and capturing ideas generated externally. Hence, we suggest
that MNCs may externalize some of their innovation activities while gaining a competitive advantage through access to open
innovation. This article contributes in several ways to earlier research focusing on the strategic alliances and networks
formed between MNCs and born globals by examining the relationship from an MNC’s perspective. 相似文献
7.
Technological activities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have received considerable attention from researchers
and policy makers since the mid-1980s. Small firms could nurture entrepreneurship and facilitate the creation and application
of new ideas. In spite of their potential in generating innovations, it is also observed that SMEs shy away from formal R&D
activities, and the firm size itself seems to be a barrier for R&D activities. SMEs operating in developing countries face
extra hurdles to investing in R&D. Given the massive share of SMEs, it becomes crucial to realize their developmental potential
in developing countries. In this paper, we study the drivers of R&D activities in SMEs in Turkish manufacturing industries
by using panel data at the establishment level for the 1993–2001 period. Our findings suggest that SMEs are less likely to
conduct R&D, but if they overcome the first obstacle of conducting R&D, they spend proportionally more on R&D than the LSEs
do. R&D intensity is higher in small than in large firms. Moreover, public R&D encourages firms to intensify their R&D efforts.
The impact of R&D support is stronger for small firms. 相似文献
8.
Consumers learn quality of many durable products through word-of-mouth information while firms launch new and improved products
frequently in these markets. This paper examines firm incentives to invest in R&D to compete for patents in makets where consumers
rely on word-of-mouth information and have expectations about the new products before launch. When its loss due to a possible
entry is above a threshold, an incumbent has more incentives than a potential entrant to invest in R&D for patents. Moreover,
if the current product is more profitable, its true quality is above consumer priors and the quality of the new product is
below a threshold, it is optimal for the incumbent to launch the new product after a time lag. The later the optimal time
of launch, the greater is the incumbent’s potential loss if entry occurs and greater its incentives is to invest in R&D versus
that of the entrants. While potential entrants are generally thought to have more incentives to invest in a drastic innovation
which results in a race to launch the new products, we show that the more drastic the innovation, the later the optimal time
of launch and greater are the incumbent’s incentives to invest in R&D when the value added of the new product can be conveyed
to all the consumers. Only when consumers are uncertain about the value added of the new product, the incumbent’s incentives
are lower. We also demonstrate that by promoting consumer expectations about the new product before launch, an incumbent has
more time to launch and higher probability of dominating its market. 相似文献
9.
Elena Fraj-Andrés Eva Martinez-Salinas Jorge Matute-Vallejo 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,88(2):263-286
Since it implies a reduction in the quality and the quantity of the natural resources, environmental degradation is a present
day problem that requires immediate solutions. This situation is driving firms to undertake an environmental transformation
process with the purpose of reducing the negative externalities that come from their economic activities. Within this context,
environmental marketing is an emerging business philosophy by which organizations can address sustainability issues. Moreover,
environmental marketing and orientation are seen as valuable strategies to improve a firm’s competitiveness. However, the
literature that has analyzed the link between environmental strategies and firms’ results has been inconclusive and contradictory.
In this study, we propose and test a model that analyses how the implementation of ecological issues within a firm’s marketing
strategy and orientation influences organizational results. Data were obtained through a survey sent to Spanish manufacturing
firms. The results show that environmental marketing positively affects firms’ operational and commercial performance and
this improvement will influence their economic results. Moreover, environmental marketing is revealed as an excellent strategy
to obtain competitive advantages in costs and in product differentiation. Thus, this study agrees with the researchers who
affirm that environmental strategies positively affect firm’s competitiveness while reducing environmental impact. 相似文献
10.
In this article, we evaluate the effect of the credit guarantee policy by comparing a large sample of guaranteed firms and
matched non-guaranteed firms from 2000 to 2003. The sample firms are compared with respect to growth rates of different performance
indicators including: productivity, sales, employment, investment, R&D, wage level, and the survival of firms in the post
crisis period. In order to avoid the selectivity problem, propensity score matching methodologies are adopted. Results suggest
that credit guarantees influenced significantly firms’ ability to maintain their size, and increase their survival rate, but
not to increase their R&D and investment and hence, their growth in productivity. Moreover, due to the adverse selection problem,
firms with lower productivity were receiving guarantees. 相似文献
11.
The present study provides evidence on the mobility effects of researchers from the public R&D system with regard to firm's innovation process. This issue is particularly novel and important as these researchers contribute to the production and transfer of knowledge previously developed and accumulated in the public R&D system. The findings confirm that scientific knowledge which public researchers provide has a positive influence on both inputs and outputs of the firms' innovation process. The fact that firms have access to additional knowledge which is complementary to that they already hold represents a spur for exploiting and applying this new knowledge. The firms in this study continually increased their in-house R&D investments. As a result of these investments firms create new knowledge of a unique and valuable type. The study draws two important conclusions geared to providing a greater efficiency in human resource management and to improve the design of technology policies. 相似文献
12.
In this article, we empirically assess the impact of corporate ethical identity (CEI) on a firm’s financial performance. Drawing
on formulations of normative and instrumental stakeholder theory, we argue that firms with a strong ethical identity achieve
a greater degree of stakeholder satisfaction (SS), which, in turn, positively influences a firm’s financial performance. We
analyze two dimensions of the CEI of firms: corporate revealed ethics and corporate applied ethics. Our results indicate that revealed ethics has informational worth and enhances shareholder value, whereas applied ethics
has a positive impact through the improvement of SS. However, revealed ethics by itself (i.e. decoupled from ethical initiatives)
is not sufficient to boost economic performance.
Pascual Berrone is a PhD candidate of the Business Administration and Quantitative Methods Ph.D. program at the Universidad
Carlos III de Madrid. His current research interests focus on business ethics, stakeholder theory, and various aspects of
the interface between corporate governance mechanisms and corporate social responsibility. His interests also include ethical,
environmental and social issues and their impact on firms' overall performance.
Dr. Jordi Surroca is an Assistant Professor of Management at the Department of Business Administration at the Universidad
Carlos III de Madrid. He holds a PhD in Business Administration and a Licentiate Degree in Business and Economics from Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona. His research interests center on stakeholder management, firm strategy, innovation, and corporate governance.
Dr. Josep A. Tribó is Associate Professor of Finance in the Department of Business Administration at the Universidad Carlos
III de Madrid. He has a PhD in Economic Analysis from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and a Licenciate Degree in Theoretical
Physics by Universitat de Barcelona. His research interests are Corporate Finance and the financing of R&D. His work has been
published in journals such as Applied Economics, International Journal of Production Economics. 相似文献
13.
Poh Kam Wong Associate Professor Zi-Lin He Lecturer 《The Service Industries Journal》2013,33(1):23-42
While most services innovation studies are concentrated on the OECD or EU countries, research on services innovation in the non-OECD context is still rare. This study investigates innovation behaviour of a certain group of services – knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS), compared with the manufacturing sector in Singapore. The main findings of this study are: (1) KIBS firms have higher innovating ratio than manufacturing firms, but innovating manufacturing firms are more likely to do R&D than innovating KIBS firms; (2) KIBS firms have higher human capital intensity, training spending intensity, innovation spending intensity, and R&D spending intensity than manufacturing firms; (3) KIBS firms and manufacturing firms have similar innovation objectives, although some delicate nuances do exist; (4) KIBS firms are less likely to have overseas partners for innovation collaboration than manufacturing firms; (5) there is a U pattern of innovation collaboration with geographic distance for both KIBS and manufacturing firms; (6) social capitals are important for KIBS firms' successful provision of innovation support to manufacturing clients; (7) the importance of spatial proximity varies over different phases of innovation support. 相似文献
14.
This paper links the strategic decisions made in R&D during the financially turbulent period of 2009 to the firm's financial health in the period 2010–2013. The focus is on decisions made in R&D-active small and medium-sized enterprises in terms of absorptive capacity, open innovation, type of R&D, and the organizational structuring of R&D. Based on a representative set of R&D-active firms in Belgium, qualitative comparative analysis reveals that the outcomes in terms of financial performance related to optimal configurations of strategic R&D decisions depend on the firm's size and on the time-lag under consideration. Managers in small-sized firms are advised to pay particular attention to a more functionally-structured R&D approach in configurations of strategic R&D decisions. To increase medium-term financial performance, managers in medium-sized firms benefit from more engagement in research-oriented activities, more in-house innovation, and the enhancement of absorptive capacity in sets of strategic R&D decisions. 相似文献
15.
Xinmin Liu Yuan Li Zhongfeng Su Jinlu Feng 《Frontiers of Business Research in China》2007,1(1):91-101
A firm’s internal control mechanisms may have a significant influence on the choice of innovation mode. Therefore, based on
the research on the internal control mechanisms of companies, we developed a model to explore the relationship between a firm’s
internal control mechanisms and the choice of innovation mode. Using a sample of 585 Chinese firms, this study tests the proposed
model. Results show that strategic control has a positive relationship with radical innovation, but a negative relationship
with incremental innovation, while financial control has a negative relationship with radical innovation, but a positive relationship
with incremental innovation.
Translated from Nankai Guanli Pinglun 南开맜理评论 (Nankai Business Review), 2006(2): 64–68 相似文献
16.
Factors Influencing the Incidence of Bribery Payouts by Firms:
A Cross-Country Analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article explores micro- and macro-level variables that influence the incidence of bribery payouts by firms. A rich data
set with information from 55 countries was utilized to achieve this objective. Results of logit regression models indicate
that there are a number of micro- and macro-level factors that significantly affect the incidence of bribery payouts. This
suggests that it is not only the characteristics of a firm but also the environment of doing business that affect the firm’s
bribery decision. The results of this study provides information that may help firms develop strategies to reduce corruption
in their respective industries and thereby improve their image of corporate social responsibility. The analysis also points
to possible policy directions that governments could undertake in order to reduce the incidence of bribery in their country.
相似文献
17.
Anna Lejpras 《Small Business Economics》2014,43(2):327-351
The literature argues that research spin-offs (RSOs)—enterprises originating from a university or research institute—appear to have higher innovative potential and capabilities than other start-ups, at least in the early stages of their development. Yet, little is known about the innovative performance of these companies at later development phases. Thus, the main goal of this study is to investigate whether there are any differences in research and development (R&D) and innovation behavior between established and/or mature RSOs and otherwise created firms and, if so, to what extent they are driven by networking and cooperation activities as suggested by some scholars. To this end, we employ probit regression analysis and a matching approach using survey data on more than 6,000 East German firms, among which are 179 RSOs. Our first findings suggest that established RSOs engage in R&D and innovation activities more frequently than companies whose genesis was of another type. Nevertheless, the results obtained when accounting for collaboration measures show that the precedence of RSOs in further development stages over otherwise created firms in terms of innovation outputs is related to their higher intensity of cooperation activity and close, face-to-face interactions with universities, and not to type of firm creation. Moreover, our findings reveal that cooperating in various fields may be of different importance for specific inputs and outputs of the innovation activity. Finally, based on our results, we draw some implications for both practicing managers and public policymakers. 相似文献
18.
Robert G. Cooper 《Journal of Business Research》1985,13(2):107-121
This research examines the impact of the firm's product innovation strategy on performance results. A total of 19 strategy dimensions were uncovered, which capture the specific elements of firms innovation strategies. Three dimensions of performance, independent of each other, were also identified and were found to be closely linked to the strategy adopted. For a high-impact new product program, an aggressive strategy emphasizing sophisticated technologies, heavy R&D spending, and a focused program was found appropriate. In contrast, a conservative strategy featuring avoidance of new markets and new product classes and a close synergy with the firm's technological resources resulted in a high success rate program. Finally, a high overall performance was the outcome of a balanced strategy: technologically aggressive, market oriented, and synergistic. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of World Business》2014,49(4):466-475
Emerging market firms (EMFs) are increasingly relying on innovation to find their competitive advantage, but our understanding of how institutional change affects firm innovation has been limited. We analyzed Korean manufacturing firms from 1994 to 2006 to test the proposition that market-oriented institutional change in an emerging economy alleviates firms’ financing constraints and monitoring problems and improves the effectiveness of their innovation activities. Institutional evolution in the economy was found to affect Korean business groups and independent firms differently. Institutional change reduced the financing constraints on independent firms more than for business group affiliates in R&D investment. Independent firms, however, appeared less capable than group affiliates of translating the benefits of improved institutional environments into efficient R&D investment. This asymmetry may lead to a wider gap in the efficiency of R&D investment between business group affiliates and independent firms. 相似文献
20.
This article examines whether (1) government intervention causes bribery (or corruption) as rent-seeking theory suggested;
(2) a firm’s perceived benefit partially mediates the relationship between government intervention and its bribing behavior,
as rational choice/behavior theory suggested; and (3) other firms’ bribing behavior moderates the relationship between government
intervention and a firm’s perceived benefit. Our study shows that government intervention causes bribery/corruption indeed,
but it exerts its effect on bribery/corruption through the firm’s perceived benefit. In other words, a firm’s perceived benefit
fully mediates the relationship between government intervention and its bribing behavior. We also find that other firms’ bribery
positively moderates the relationship between government intervention and a given firm’s bribery. This study partly proves
that firms are rational actors. Potential benefit encourages them to practice bribery. Besides, this research also supports
the rent-seeking view of bribery/corruption, which argues that government intervention is a source of bribery/corruption.
However, we have also identified that only those government interventions that will create “rent” can cause bribery/corruption. 相似文献