基于SI&CU分析的成都市集体建设用地流转政策评估

研究目的:对成都市的集体建设用地流转政策进行系统评估。研究方法:(1)通过SI分析确立评估指标体系;(2)通过CU分析进行定性定量评估。研究结果:(1)成都市集体建设用地流转政策评估各级指标多数得到"中"及"良"的评价;(2)指标"法律依据"及"政策持续性"仅得到"合格"的评价。研究结论:(1)集体建设用地流转有很大现实需求;(2)成都市流转政策整体值得肯定,但尚需深化;(3)缺乏法律依据是制约集体建设用地流转的最大因素。     

国外速生丰产林发展对中国的启示

通过分析国外速生丰产林发展较好国家的法律政策、技术支持、政府扶持等,从中获得对中国速生丰产林发展的启示。     

薜荔在室内光照适应范围的研究

研究了薜荔的绿叶(Ficus pumila)及花叶(Ficus pumila'Sunny White')品种的室内光照适应范围问题;根据室内光的分布,选择房间内具有代表性的光区进行栽培试验;在16～28℃,RH30%～64%条件下;经栽培82天后,用LI-6400测定其不同光强下的光合特性,计算光补偿点、光饱和点、最大净光合速率,并测定不同试验区枝条长度的生长量;结果表明,在该条件下,绿叶品种生长的适宜光照为7.8～527.0μmol/m2.s(392～26350 lx),薜荔花叶品种为6.9～491.0μmol/m2.s(347～24550 lx)。     

A game of give and take: The introduction of multi-layer (water) safety in the Netherlands and Flanders

At the beginning of the 21st century, the Netherlands and Flanders introduced a risk-based approach to flood risk management (FRM), labelled as multi-layer (water) safety. In contrast to a flood defence approach, risk-based management stresses the need to manage both the consequences and probability of a flood. The concept has developed differently in the two countries, as we conclude from a discursive-institutionalist research perspective. The Netherlands is characterised by a high institutionalization of the traditional flood defence discourse and a more closed policy arrangement, whereas in Flanders, the flood defence discourse is less institutionalized and the arrangement is more open. In both countries we see an opening of the arrangement preceding the establishment of multi-layer (water) safety, but at the same time, actors stress different aspects of the concept in order to increase its compatibility with the existing policy arrangement. In the Netherlands, the focus is on probability management, in Flanders on consequence management. In the Netherlands, multi-layer (water) safety as a concept could be established because it stabilises the system in the short-term by reinforcing the importance of flood defence, whereas in Flanders, policymakers were receptive to the concept because it supports a shift of responsibility towards actors outside traditional water management.     

中国白蜡虫的养殖及白蜡的西传

蚕、蜂与白蜡虫是中国著名的三大养殖昆虫。白蜡虫[Ericerus pela(Chavannes)]俗称蜡虫，白蜡(Cera chinensis，也称虫白蜡)实即白蜡虫的分泌物，为中国特产。中国放养蜡虫，始於九世纪前，宋、元间已有正确详实的文献记载，至明时大盛，川滇、湖广、江浙均有养殖。在清朝及民国时期中国西南仍有大规模养殖，成为一种生产昆虫化工产品的“昆虫工厂”。在近代石油蜡与启前，中国白蜡(Chinese wax)独放异彩，新近因昆虫蜡性质独特而优异，又有渐起之机。本文探讨了中国养殖蜡虫的历史和养殖蜡虫事业的发展和白蜡西传欧洲的过程．为进一步研究中国经济昆虫养殖史奠定基础。     

哈尔滨市呼兰区(县)土地利用动态变化分析

采用信息熵、均衡度、优势度及相关数学方法对1994～2003年呼兰区(县)土地利用现状及动态变化过程进行分析。研究结果表明,近10年来呼兰区(县)土地利用方式由农业用地逐渐向非农业用地方向转变,土地利用渐趋合理,今后还应更为深入地研究和探讨行政区划的变动对该区土地利用的影响。     

矿产资源领域实施合同矿产资源环境管理机制评介

合同矿产资源环境管理是一种节约、促进矿产资源节约综合利用和矿山环境保护与治理的管理方式。通过这种方式,可将矿产资源节约综合利用与环保技术项目投资由矿产资源采、选、冶、加工企业承担改为由合同矿产资源节约综合利用与环保技术服务公司承担,克服了矿产资源节约综合利用与环保技术项目推广中存在的融资、技术和财务风险等市场障碍;可以保证矿产资源节约综合利用环保技术的实施效果、提供矿产资源节约综合利用及环保技术实施产生的效益分享机制、提供用于工艺流程改进和环境治理技术设备;可以提高矿产资源的综合开采回收利用、矿山环境保护和恢复治理以及尾矿、废矿、废水、废气净化治理与有用资源的回收利用水平。     

Insights into a black box! Comparison of organizational modes and their monetary implications for the producers of short rotation coppice (SRC) in Brandenburg/Germany

A substantial change in energy policy in Germany towards the substitution of fossil, nonrenewable energy resources is part of a current political and social process. This change has been accelerated by the government’s decision in summer 2011 to phase out nuclear energy, a direct result of the nuclear disaster in Fukushima, Japan. As part of this development, new business activities and modes of organization for the provisioning of energy from alternative sources have emerged; one such activity is short rotation coppice (SRC) cultivation on agricultural land. In this paper, we compare the two prevailing organizational modes for SRC: independent production and contract farming. We use a mixed-methods approach to examine these modes from the producers’ point of view in Brandenburg/Germany. First, we give reasons for the producer’s choice between these two modes of organization based on the interviewee’s qualitative assessment of how these modes cope with perceived SRC-related challenges e.g. uncertainties. As economic uncertainty plays a major role in both refusal to adopt SRC and the choice of the mode of organization for SRC production, we secondly model the unknown economic outcome of the independent mode. We thereby give insights into the “black box”. This consists on the one hand of lacking economic figures for an economic comparison of both modes, and on the other hand of the producer’s decision-making process between both modes. For the latter, we use the theoretical approach of transaction costs to display ostensible non-monetary decision factors. Using a known monetary reference for the contract farming mode, we are able firstly to support a comparison of economic factors and secondly to identify and interpret the critical variables whose manifestations and/or changes are decisive for the economic outcome. The modelling results show that neither of the two modes performs better per se. This finding suggests that the weight ascribed to the transaction costs of SRC in each individual producer’s decision-making process is decisive for the producer’s choice of mode.     

厚朴林和杜仲林间作玉米与大豆系统的土地利用率研究

研究土地利用率的核心意义,原于其能够缓解土地资源禀赋稀缺的现状;发展厚朴林和杜仲林间作玉米与大豆系统可以提高土地利用率,促进林农集约经营,有效保护生物多样性,促进中药材产业发展,增加农民的经济收益,推动社会主义新农村建设。     

The Index of Function Suitability (IFS): A new tool for assessing the capacity of landscapes to provide amenity functions

Integrating social demands into landscape management has been proven difficult because of a lack of suitable measures. In order to address this issue this article describes the development of the Index of Function Suitability (IFS). This offers an integrated conceptual tool for incorporating social demands into landscape management. The IFS links preferences to land cover spatial patterns as it uses quantitative indicators for gauging differences between the preferred landscape patterns by users, for a certain activity related to an amenity function (e.g. hunting), and the land cover patterns of a given rural area (either at the present or from scenarios developed for the future). Introducing the measurement of the difference between the preferred spatial patterns and the landscape patterns occurring in a given landscape is a fundamental conceptual development represented in the IFS. By using the same set of indicators to quantify different land cover patterns, the IFS gauges quantitatively the differences between their spatial patterns, thus providing landscape managers with an indication of the suitability of changing land covers to support the selected amenity functions. In this paper, the conceptual aspects, as well as the methodological steps of the IFS were explained and further applied to one empirical case study in the Alentejo region of Portugal. This paper also examines both the strengths and weaknesses of the IFS approach along with a discussion for improvement.