中日CDM项目合作:现状及对策

清洁发展机制(CDM)作为《京都议定书》建立的机制之一,旨在推动发达国家对发展中国家在减少温室气体排放方面的投资和技术转移,是一种共赢机制。日本在节能减排方面拥有先进的技术和实践经验,也有其承诺的减排目标要求,目前已与包括中国在内的许多发展中国家实行了CDM项目合作,中日两国在CDM项目合作方面有着广阔的前景。     

川西地区发展CDM项目存在的问题探究

《京都议定书》建立的CDM机制既帮助发达国家完成本国应履行的减排义务还使得发展中国家获得资金和技术,实现可持续发展。四川省的CDM项目无论数量还是二氧化碳减排当量都位居全国前列。本文分析了川西地区CDM项目发展存在的问题并提出具体发展建议。     

清洁发展机制:提高外资质量的新契机

《京都议定书》第12条规定的“清洁发展机制(CDM)”为发展中国家吸引清洁外资和技术转移提供了新机遇。我国温室气体减排潜力巨大,是全球CDM项目潜力最大的市场,通过对外开展CDM项目合作可以引进大量高质量外资和环保技术,但目前这一潜力未能转化为实际的外资流入和技术转移。本文作者初步研究分析了造成这种现状的主要原因,并针对性地提出了若干政策建议。     

国际CDM融资渠道及云南省CDM潜在领域融资潜力分析

清洁发展机制(CDM)是《京都议定书》确定的,用于帮助发达国家以最小成本方式实现温室气体限控和减排义务,并为发展中国家参与方提供的一种新型融资机制。本文从CDM项目的融资渠道入手,结合云南省目前CDM项目的融资现状,对云南省CDM潜在领域的融资潜力进行了分析。     

开发清洁发展机制项目的SWOT分析

<京都议定书>下的清洁发展机制(CDM),一向被认为是一种既可帮助发达国家实现其部分温室气体减排义务,同时又能帮助发展中国家实现可持续发展的双赢机制.文章通过总结近年国际CDM项目的开发实践,分析了CDM项目的优势、劣势、机遇与挑战,有助干提高我国利用CDM应对气候变化的能力.     

基于实施清洁发展机制的演化博弈分析——地方政府与企业

清洁发展机制,简称CDM(Clean Development Mechanism),是根据《京都议定书》第十二条建立的发达国家与发展中国家合作减排温室气体的灵活机制。它允许发达国家的投资者在发展中国家实施有利于发展中国家可持续发展的减排项目,从而减少温室气体排放量,以履行发达国家在《京都议定书》中所承诺的限排或减排义务。本文运用演化博弈模型对清洁发展机制的主要利益主体地方政府和企业进行了分析。     

清洁发展机制（CDM）：能源企业利用外资的契机

清洁发展机制（Clean Development Mechanism，CDM）是《京都议定书》框架下三个灵活的机制之一。清洁发展机制的主要内容是指发达国家通过提供资金和技术的方式，与发展中国家开展项目级的合作，通过项目所实现的“经核证的减排量”，用于发达国家缔约方完成在议定书第三条下关于减少本国温室气体排放的承诺。清洁发展机制被认为是一项“双赢”机制：一方面，发展中国家通过合作可以获得资金和技术，有助于实现自己的可持续发展；另一方面，通过这种合作，发达国家可以大幅度降低其在国内实现减排所需的高昂费用。这类合作项目，称为CDM项目。     

促进清洁发展机制项目合作的问题与对策

国际清洁发展机制(简称"CDM机制")是<联合国气候变化框架公约>(以下简称<气候公约>)和<京都议定书>(以下简称<议定书>)规定的跨界进行温室气体减排三种机制之一,其目的是允许附件一缔约方以通过提供资金和技术的方式,与发展中国家开展项目级的合作,而项目所实现的"经核证的减排量"(CERs),可以用于发达国家缔约方完成<议定书>减排目标的承诺.     

清洁发展机制——中国经济可持续发展的新机遇

CDM是《京都议定书》下面三种合作机制之一,也是唯一一个发达国家和发展中国家就CO2减排额进行交易的合作机制。我国正在探索可持续发展的道路,CDM为此提供了巨大的推动力。本文尝试从我国经济可持续发展面临的问题、CDM目前面临的困境来探讨CDM对我国经济可持续发展的影响。     

清洁发展机制——中国经济可持续发展的新机遇

CDM是《京都议定书》下面三种合作机制之一,也是唯一一个发达国家和发展中国家就CO2减排额进行交易的合作机制.我国正在探索可持续发展的道路,CDM为此提供了巨大的推动力.本文尝试从我国经济可持续发展面临的问题、CDM目前面临的困境来探讨CDM对我国经济可持续发展的影响.     

中国发展CDM的问题和对策研究

清洁发展机制（CDM）的提出只有短短的十几年时间，在中国的发展时间虽短，但却取得了十分巨大的进展。不论从CDM项目签订数量还是签发的CERs量上，中国都名列前茅。CDM给中国带来了发展契机，但同时也存在一定的风险。     

How to design and use the clean development mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol? A developing country perspective

Under the Kyoto Protocol, industrialized countries committed to emission reductions may fullfil part of their obligations by implementing emission reduction projects in developing countries. In doing so, they make use of the so-called Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Two important issues surround the implementation of the CDM. First, if the cheapest abatement measures are implemented for CDM projects, developing countries may be left with only more expensive measures when they have to meet their own commitments in the future (the so-called low-hanging fruits (LHF) issue). Second, a choice must be made on the type of baseline against which emission reductions are measured: an absolute baseline or a relative (to output) one (the baseline issue). The purpose of this paper is to study the interactions between these two issues from the point of view of the developing country. Two major results are obtained. First, when possible future commitments for developing countries and irreversibility of abatement measures are taken into account, we show that the industry where CDM projects are implemented enjoys larger profits under an absolute baseline than under a relative one. Second, concerning the LHF problem, the financial compensation required by the developing country for implementing ‘too many’ CDM projects is larger under the relative baseline.     

The Clean Development Mechanism in a world carbon market

This paper discusses the role of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in the market for carbon quotas and countries' commitments to reduce their carbon emission levels. We show that the CDM contributes to an efficient funding of clean technology investments in least developed countries. However, the CDM is not neutral on the global level of carbon emissions as it entices countries to raise their emission caps. The CDM may also make inappropriate the inclusion of any country that takes no emission abatement commitment. It can even make inefficient a country's decision to commit to an emission target. The implications of the presence of non‐additional projects are also analyzed.     

Research on regional capability constructive models of cleat development mechanism

Global climate change has been identified as the ftrst of the top ten environmental problems in the world,As climate change will have serious effects on the social and economic development and everyday living of people in the world,many of the countries and governments are taking untiring efforts to combat climate change.As one of the important mechanisms of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Kyoto Protocol,Clean DevelopmentMechanism (CDM) has not only provided chance.for developed countries to ftdfill greenhouse emission reduction obligations,but also provided an opportunity for developing countries to combat climate change under the sustainabledevelopment frame.The dual objectives of developed countries' GHG emissions' reduction obligation achievement and developing countries'sustainable development will be achieved under the CDM.As a country with responsibility,China has been positively developing CDM projects and promoting energy saving and emissions reduction during the three years after the Kyoto Protocol came into force,and CDM projects development has always been in the front tank in the world However,as the vast clime within China,notable differences occur in different regions.In order to promote the CDM development in China,it is necessary to have regional CDM capability construction in accor dance with the practicality in different regions.Based on the Slat Analysis of developed CDM projects and current CDM development status in China,problems in the CDM development of China,including the inefficiency in sinall and medium-sized CDM Projects development,over centralization of CDM development scope and especially the differentiated provincial CDM projects developing capability are pointed out in the paper.What's more,reasons forthe problems are analyzed from the leading factors,including policy orient,information asymmetry and weak CDMcapability.In order to promote CDM projects development in China,a new CDM capability construction model is put forward in the paper     

由清洁发展机制引发的对环境产业的冷思考

环境问题受到世界各国关注,清洁发展机制的产生,碳交易的出现以及碳市场的蓬勃发展,是国际社会在环境问题解决上共同探索出来的一种模式,成为环境问题解决途径的一大突破。文章从经济学角度探究环境产业化的原因,分析其合理性,并结合环境产业发展的趋势为我国今后如何大力发展该产业提供一定的参考。     

Project Mechanisms and Technology Diffusion in Climate Policy

The paper deals with the diffusion of GHG mitigation technologies in developing countries. We develop a model where an abatement technology is progressively adopted by firms and we use it to compare the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) with a standard Cap and Trade scheme (C&T). In the presence of learning spillovers, we show that the CDM yields a higher social welfare than C&T if the first adopter receives CDM credits whereas the followers do not. The analysis leads us to suggest two CDM design improvements: relaxing the additionality constraint for projects which generate significant learning externalities, and allowing collective CDM projects which could internalize learning externalities.     

Leveraging private capital for climate mitigation: Evidence from the Clean Development Mechanism

To mitigate climate change, states must make significant investments into energy and other sectors. To solve this problem, scholars emphasize the importance of leveraging private capital. If states create institutional mechanisms that promote private investment, they can reduce the fiscal cost of carbon abatement. We examine the ability of different international institutional designs to leverage private capital in the context of the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Empirically, we analyze private capital investment in 3749 climate mitigation projects under the CDM, 2003–2011. Since the CDM allows both bilateral and unilateral implementation, we can compare the two modes of contracting within one context. Our model analyzes equilibrium private investment in climate mitigation. When the cost of mitigation is high, unilateral project implementation in one host country, without foreign collaboration, draws more investment than bilateral contracting, whereby foreign investors participate in the project.     

环境与电力经济拉动模式的研究

在全球的金融风暴与经济危机背景下,环境与气候的世界性问题,我国电力产业需要考虑环境与电力经济拉动的匹配。通过分析电力产业结构依存的能源战略框架影响因素,寻求电力产业结构调整与拉动经济的联动模式,在生态经济模式、循环经济发展模式、节能减排经济模式、新能源经济模式、清洁发展机制（CDM）模式等应用方面,需要加快电力产业结构调整和优化,培育出新的经济增长点,应对和破解经济危机,拉动我国经济增长。     

The CDM framework: knowledge recombination from an evolutionary viewpoint

ABSTRACT

Since Crepon, Duguet, and Mairesse published their ground-breaking article (‘Research, Innovation and Productivity: An Econometric Analysis at the Firm Level’, 1998), the CDM framework has known a large diffusion, despite being published in a non-indexed journal. The present study is an exploration of the spread and recombination of ‘knowledge’ in the ‘CDM universe’, comprising all papers in Scopus indexed journals citing CDM or/and CDM cited papers. We assess first the speed and range of diffusion of CDM and investigate next the ‘origins’ and further ‘genealogical’ make up of the knowledge recombinations within the CDM universe. We find that CDM is cited by a growing number of papers, which spread over a variety of fields, and that it compares very well with the most cited comparable articles in indexed journals in its domain of research. We further find that the CDM universe is mainly constituted of three large clusters and for each of them we are able to identify knowledge paths going from the CDM and earlier cited papers to the subsequent main citing papers. We intend to provide a detailed interpretation of these findings in future work.