水泥PC窑纯低温余热发电CDM项目案例分析

文章以广东云浮新型干法(PC)窑纯低温余热发电为清洁发展机制(CDM)项目,计算了其单位碳减排成本。结果表明,CDM项目发电总成本不仅比当地电网发电成本低,而且能实现年CO2减排44614tCO2/a,通过国际碳排交易市场,每年能实现约36万美元的额外收益,具有良好的市场前景。     

数字经济碳减排效应分析——基于生产与消费端的双重路径分析

基于2013—2019年中国30个省份的面板数据，从市场生产端与消费端构建数字经济碳减排的理论框架及传导机制。研究发现：数字经济能够显著降低碳排放强度，实现碳减排效应，且经过内生性与稳健性检验后结果依然显著。在数字经济的三个子维度中，信息化发展、互联网发展对碳减排都存在显著的促进作用，但数字交易发展的碳减排效应并不显著。数字经济对碳减排的影响存在异质性，数字经济的碳减排效应在东中部、高市场化程度和高创新创业水平的地区更加显著。机制分析结果表明，数字经济能够通过推动生产端的产业结构升级与消费端的消费结构升级来降低碳排放强度。这对实现绿色低碳发展具有重要的参考意义。     

江苏碳排放期权价格测算及清洁发展机制对策——基于B-S模型的定价分析

发展低碳经济,提升碳交易与清洁发展能力已是大势所趋。文章通过对CDM项目进展、经济基础与资源禀赋等方面对江苏省内企业发展碳交易市场进行潜力分析后发现,该地区存在巨大的节能减排空间。实证研究中将实物期权理论引入碳交易机制,借助B-S模型及欧盟碳交易市场相关数据构造出碳排放期权定价模型,根据欧盟与江苏经济发展的相似性折扣给出江苏地区碳交易的市场定价,同时,围绕技术、管理及政策三个层面提出该地区CDM机制的新型思路建议,旨在为江苏企业在清洁发展机制下逐步开发完善碳交易市场提供有利依据与参考。     

熵增加原理与科学发展

熵是热力学中的一个状态函数,表示物质系统的无序程度。本文论述了熵的本质和事物变化的方向,并根据熵增加原理,探讨了社会发展过程中保护自然资源和环境的重要性,不但劳动创造价值,而且自然资源也存在着价值。根据耗散结构理论讨论了贯彻科学发展观的重要性。     

非污许可权交易减排机理研究——基于社会成本角度

排污权交易制度是推动节能减排的一项行之有效的政策。本文从社会成本的角度分析由初始分配市场（一级市场）和两个并行的二级市场（转让交易市场和回购交易市场）构成排污许可权交易市场体系在激励企业污染自主减排上的经济学机理。     

Effects of scenario-based carbon pricing policies on China's dual climate change mitigation goals: Does policy design matter?

Although the carbon pricing policy is a critical driving factor that will help China achieve economic growth, energy transition, and dual climate change mitigation goals, the kind of carbon pricing policy that will complement the country's current development situation remains controversial. We apply the World Induced Technical Change Hybrid (WITCH) model to explore the heterogeneity and synergy of different carbon pricing policies, and the results indicate that it will be challenging to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. The study find that the combined policy —a mix of carbon tax and carbon market policies — has the optimal emission reduction effect but comes with the highest economic cost, proving to be unsuitable in the long run. The carbon tax policy is an important transitional means to assist in emission reduction, which can serve as an important supplement to carbon market policy and be phased out after the market mechanism matures.     

Institutional Pressures and an Evolving Forest Carbon Market

It is estimated that 87 million acres of forestland in the United States (US) is managed by private industrial forestland owners (nearly 14% of the forestland nationwide). Private industrial forestland owners include forest product companies, Timber Investment Management Organizations (TIMOs) and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). Current regulatory and voluntary carbon markets, as well as proposed national emission reduction legislation, in the US make provisions for substantial carbon offsets from domestic forestry projects. This research employs the theory of planned behavior by means of an online questionnaire in order to survey large industrial forestland owners (>30 000 acres) regarding intentions to manage forestland for carbon sequestration and trading. Quantitative results suggest that very few organizations (18%) were managing forestland for carbon values. Attitudes towards carbon sequestration and trading were significantly influenced by the managers' beliefs that emission reduction legislation would become law and that US forest carbon offsets can be used as a legitimate climate change mitigation tool. Qualitative results revealed that most organizations are taking a passive approach to carbon sequestration and trading until a suitable regulatory framework emerges and carbon prices provide the conditions for a sound investment. The researchers suggest that, given the size and scope of the climate change phenomenon as well as the multifaceted and unified mitigation strategy required to address it, the development of functional carbon markets will be an iterative process and may require a global carbon framework that reflects the globalized nature of the forest economy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

低碳经济背景下中国企业碳交易博弈模型初探

能源消费所产生的碳排放是经济发展过程中不可避免的副产品,目前我国已成为世界最大的温室气体排放国。碳交易是利用市场机制引领低碳经济发展的必由之路,对我国企业在碳交易进行博弈分析,具有十分重要的理论与现实意义。本文对我国大企业和中小企业分别进行了完全信息静态博弈分析、不完全信息静态博弈分析,并求出了企业双方达到纳什均衡后的碳交易量及交易价格。     

中国试点碳市场抵消机制

抵消机制是碳排放权交易体系的基本要素和试点碳市场连接的关键环节。通过比较分析发现,中国已运行的8个试点碳市场都设置了抵消机制,且大部分试点碳市场还制定了专门的抵消机制管理规定;但在最高可抵消比例、来源项目类型、区域和时效等方面还存在着显著差异。研究还发现,各试点碳市场普遍存在可抵消配额量远高于市场成交量的现象,从而导致部分试点碳市场出现交易低迷问题。未来各试点碳市场跨区合作将会不断推进,维护市场运行稳定的要求也会不断提高,不仅需要严格控制可抵消量规模,还需要及时评估已设置的抵消机制的运行效率,并进行积极完善。与此同时,全国统一碳市场的建立和稳定运行也需要构建统一而完备的抵消机制。     

企业碳排放审计评价体系的构建与检验——基于生态文明建设的视角

以碳排放、碳减排、生态文明建设为准则层指标建立碳排放审计评价体系,根据专家意见获取各指标层相对权重,并对相关企业进行调研和测算这些企业的碳排放指数值,结果显示,多数企业重视碳排放指数值,并采取措施限制碳排放以达到监管机构要求。然而,较少企业重视生态文明建设指数值,尤其是缺乏参与碳市场交易与产生绿色产值等创收手段。此外,虽然生物碳汇仍是企业采取的主要减排策略,但已有一些企业开始尝试使用地质碳汇方式来进行减排。     

基于组织结构熵与耗散结构理论的企业组织结构完善研究

企业组织结构的合理性及混乱程度一般认为是无法量化和衡量的,只能通过组织内部各项定性指标来进行评价。热力学概念熵是揭示系统无序程度的物理定量方法,而企业的系统性、开放性为企业组织结构熵的提出提供了必要条件。在企业管理中引用熵理论,有利于更加直观地了解组织结构合理性问题。通过耗散结构理论对无序、混乱、熵值较高的组织结构引入"负熵"进行改造,降低企业组织结构熵值,使组织结构向有序化方向发展。     

标准化运行机制研究——基于熵和耗散结构理论

有序化是标准化活动的本质,探寻有序化的形成机理有助于研究标准化活动的内在规律。标准熵增反应了标准化系统有序化程度不断递减的规律,而标准耗散结构的形成是标准化系统有序化程度由量变到质变的结果。它的形成源于标准化系统与外界进行能量、信息和物质的交换,即开展适宜的标准化活动。文章在熵理论和耗散结构理论的基础上,提出了标准熵和标准耗散结构,并运用数学模型来解析标准化的内在运行机制。     

研究制造业工艺装备管理

为了能够进一步提高制造业的市场核心竞争能力,核心内容就是在合理降低成本的基础上,提高产品的质量与产品的生产效率,从而缩短交货的时间。而对于生产效率、产品生产质量以及生产成本来说,其都与工艺装备有直接的关系,只有通过有效的工艺装备管理,才能够切实提高企业的市场核心竞争能力,促进制造业的发展。基于此,论文主要对制造业工艺装备管理进行分析,以供参考。     

太湖流域排污权交易制度框架设计

以行政区划为单元的水环境管理体制是造成太湖流域水污染加剧的重要原因之一。排污权交易制度是污染治理的有效手段,水环境的治理应该以流域为单元,充分利用市场机制配置水资源,构建覆盖整个流域的排污权交易市场。本文从法规政策、监测技术、市场潜力和试点经验等方面分析了太湖流域实施排污权交易的有利条件。在此基础上,构建了由排污权交易一级市场和二级市场组成的流域排污权交易制度。     

Eco‐efficiency: GHG reduction related environmental and economic performance. The case of the companies participating in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme

Empirical findings on eco‐efficiency are still inconsistent. Using survey data based on a sample of 283 European carbon‐intensive companies participating in the EU ETS between 2005 and 2012, this article investigates the causal relationships between the corporate environmental strategy focus, proactive GHG reductions and related environmental and economic performance, while taking into account an important contingent factor: the initial state of technology. The study's findings show that eco‐efficiency was generally not obvious among the companies during the first two trading periods. It furthermore indicates that GHG emissions were generally not reduced cost‐effectively, as companies' intrinsic values were more likely to have influenced carbon reduction related decisions to a greater degree than the economic incentives resulting from the market mechanisms of the ETS. The results not only shed light on firm behavior with regard to technology management but also provide insights for policy makers into how to stimulate more cost‐effective environmental investments. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Dynamic and asymmetric effects between carbon emission trading,financial uncertainties,and Chinese industry stocks: Evidence from quantile-on-quantile and causality-in-quantiles analysis

This paper investigates the dynamic and asymmetric effects between carbon emission trading (CET), financial uncertainties, and Chinese stocks in different industries over the period from 19th December 2013 to 21st March 2022. We utilized a novel quantile framework including rolling window quantile regression method, quantile-on-quantile method, and causality-in-quantiles method to implement this research more comprehensively and accurately. Our contributions and findings, empirical in nature, are as follows: (i) In the early establishing stage of the carbon market, with a bullish market situation, carbon emission trading has a negative impact on most industry stocks. In the developing and improving stage of the carbon market, different industries have different impact situations. (ii) We find that the effects of financial uncertainty on stocks are stronger than CET on stocks. We also find that the dependence structures between CET, financial uncertainty, and industry stocks are asymmetric in most industries, and there are many mutation structures with significant risks in extreme situations. (iii) Carbon emissions trading, crude oil volatility, and US stock volatility all have strong causal relationships with Chinese industry stocks. (iv) We also provide policy suggestions to relevant countries to balance carbon market and stock markets and avoid risks from financial uncertainty in different industries.     

Corporate intentions to participate in emission trading

The adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 has led to increasing business interest in the issue of climate change. It has also created much uncertainty for companies, particularly about the role of trading in realizing emission reductions. This paper investigates what drives multinational corporations to show interest in emission trading and carbon offset projects to deal with climate change. On the basis of an analysis of data of 136 companies derived from a questionnaire, it also examines the role that country of origin, industry affiliation and companies' environmental strategy play in this regard. Findings show that industry pressure and product and process innovations are the main determinants for multinational corporations to participate in the emission market. It appears that climate policy particularly induces energy‐related industries to reduce emissions, which puts them ahead of other industries with regard to their interest in emission trading. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Deregulation and dairy production systems: a Bayesian distance function approach

Milk quota trading rules differ across EU member countries. In Denmark a biannual milk quota exchange was set up in 1997 to promote a more efficient reallocation of milk quotas as well as to reduce transaction costs related to the searching and matching of sellers and buyers. Using two comprehensive unbalanced panel data sets on organic and conventional milk farms this study attempts to disentangle the effects of the introduction of quota transferability on the production structure of those farms as well as the probability of market entry/exit. Bayesian estimation techniques are used to estimate an input oriented generalized Leontief distance function as well as a curvature constrained specification. The results suggest that the deregulation in the quota allocation mechanism led to an increased allocative efficiency of organic as well as conventional milk production as well as a relative shift of the PPF in favor of the production of organic milk.     

浅析订单式生产对物流成本的影响——以一汽大众为例

订单式生产是以消费需求为中心来安排生产的,这一生产方式能够消除浪费．大幅度降低生产系统中的原材料、在制品、产成品的库存量和销售中的逆向物流量,进而使库存最优．物流总成本最低。以一汽大众的订单式生产为例,首先简要概述了订单式生产的含义和精髓：其次对一汽大众订单式生产的实践过程及其在降低物流成本方面取得的成效进行了较为详细的剖析：最后通过对一汽大众实施订单式生产在降低物流成本方面所取得的成效的分析．阐述了订单式生产在降低物流成本方面所起的作用。通过分析,作者认为订单式生产不但能够降低企业的库存成本、生产物流成本和退货成本．还能为企业创造了更多的利润空间,因此这一生产方式已逐渐成为我国企业把握市场脉搏,提升竞争力,实现可持续发展的主流生产方式。     

价值工程在项目管理中的应用

在建筑工程项目管理中应用价值工程可以提高经济效益和建筑企业的成本管理水平,增强市场竞争力。以两个多层框架结构为研究对象,通过价值管理进行功能分析,确定价值系数,以及改进方案,详细说明了在成本管理中运用价值理论的方法和步骤,用实例证明了应用价值理论可以合理控制工程造价,为项目管理过程中运用价值工程提供了理论指导。