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Internal auditors of public and private universities were asked about their selection processes, supervisors, and activities. At public institutions, the governing board selects the internal auditor, the president supervises the work and more audit findings are implemented. Private institutions have more audit committees that are involved with the internal auditors' activities and their auditors perform more program audits. Thus, although public universities are following professional guidelines more closely, suggesting more accountability, private universities have greater access to audit committees and perform more value-added audits. 相似文献
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在分析阐述转让定价调整方法过程中,我们可以看到要取得与正常交易价格完全一致的结果存在很大的困难,这是因为为了对关联企业的转让定价进行调整,虽然在理论上将关联企业视同独立企业看待,但关联企业实际上并不同于非关联企业,以非关联企业即非受控交易的结果作为参照对关联企业间的交易进行判断和调整,有时并不能做到客观和准确.这经常使税务当局和纳税人之间陷入复杂的争议,费时又费力.为了解决事后调整转让定价的困难,美国和OECD有关转让定价调整规章都规定可以采用事先裁定的办法,在关联企业进行跨国经营前,就内部作价的方法作出安排,并在税务当局和纳税人之间达成协议.这就是所谓的预约定价协议,也称预约定价安排,简称为APA或APAs.本文主要阐述美国APA程序的主要内容,也就OECD的APA指南中特色部分作对比说明. 相似文献
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This paper empirically examines business starts, deaths, venture capital and patents in relation to U.S. public policy. The most consistent evidence in the data shows that lower levels of labor frictions and higher levels of SBIR awards are associated with more business starts and higher levels of venture capital per population. Counter to expectations, the data indicate a positive impact from the homestead exemption only among the bottom quartile homestead exemption states, and otherwise a negative impact. We analyze a variety of other policy instruments and compare the effects of policy in regular times with the financial crisis of 2008–2010. 相似文献
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《会计研究》2017,(4)
本文利用我国A股非金融类上市公司2008-2014年数据,考察了媒体针对上市公司的负面报道对审计定价及审计延迟的影响,结果发现,媒体负面报道与审计定价呈显著正向关系,但与反映审计努力程度的审计延迟没有显著关联。这表明,对于负面报道较多的客户,审计师会收取风险溢价来转移自身风险,而不会通过提高审计投入来降低风险。进一步研究发现,公司财务状况、分析师跟踪、控制权性质对于负面报道与审计定价之间的关系具有调节作用,但上述因素对负面报道与审计延迟之间的关系均没有显著影响。这一研究不仅有助于了解负面报道对审计投入的影响,而且有助于进一步理解负面报道对审计定价的影响机理。 相似文献
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美国、加拿大两国同属发达国家,也都实行联邦制。先进的税务稽查制度对两国经济高速发展起到了明显的促进作用。本文以美国、加拿大两国为例,归纳和分析两国在税务稽查管理方面的先进经验和做法,以期对我国税务稽查的改革和完善有所裨益。 相似文献
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本文将股票价格看作内在价值和一个美式看涨期权,对增发过程和IPO的区别之处--即时利益输送和股票价值两方面综合考虑,确定新老股东增发博弈中的支付函数,根据发行成功的纳什均衡条件得到增发定价合理值或合理区间,并利用该结果对69家增发公司实例进行分析,得出我国增发定价普遍高估,而现有的竞价机制具有一定的矫正功能的结论. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the associations between audit pricing and multidimensional characteristics of local governments by using a sample of Greek municipalities. The Greek institutional setting is interesting because it is politically pluralistic. Moreover, independent auditors appointed through a bid process exclusively perform the audits. Our results suggest a considerable variation on audit fees which is mainly driven by politically related factors indicating the importance of relevant theoretical anticipations in audit pricing in the public sector. Agency costs appear strong enough to explain audit pricing. We also confirm prior findings on the significance of audit complexity and size. Results also suggest that audit fees are reduced when an internal team dedicated to accrual accounting is appointed. Therefore, our conclusions offer practical implications for policy setters and regulators in the public sector in relation to audit quality. 相似文献
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Abstract: This study uses Ohlson's (1995 and 2001 ) accounting‐based equity valuation model to structure tests of four explanations for the anomalously positive pricing of dividends reported by Rees (1997) and Fama and French (1998) . First, we find that dividends are not simply a proxy for publicly available information that helps predict future abnormal earnings. Second, although dividends act as if they signal managers' private information about future profitability, they remain positively priced for firms with low incentives to signal. Third, dividends do not signal management's willingness to abstain from incurring agency costs. Fourth, however, controlling for one‐year‐ahead realized forecast errors yields a pricing of dividends that is very close to that of dividend displacement. After showing that dividends are not simply a proxy for analysts' misforecasting, we conclude that dividends appear to be positively priced because they are a proxy for the mispricing by investors of current earnings or book equity. 相似文献
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2008年美国发生次贷危机,为了应对金融体系崩溃的风险,美国国会通过了《经济紧急稳定法案》授权财政部7000亿美元救市随后2010年继续出台《多德-弗兰克法案》将资金缩减为4750亿美元.法案还要求美国审计署(GAO)每60天要对不良资产救助计划进行一次审计,并报告审计结果.本文整理了审计署近8年来的审计报告,简要介绍了审计内容、审计方法及审计效果,希望对我国的审计工作有参考意义. 相似文献
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This study explores audit implications of shared leadership in client firms. Analyzing data from 2002 to 2013 of Korean listed companies, we find that auditors spend fewer audit hours and charge lower audit fees for clients with multiple CEOs. Additional tests reveal that the lower audit fees for co-CEO clients are likely attributable to reduced audit effort rather than to reduced hourly rates. We also document that firms with co-CEOs exhibit better-reporting quality than do firms with a solitary CEO. In sum, this article presents evidence that mutual monitoring via co-CEO appointments assures high-quality financial reporting of audit clients, and thus leads to reduced audit fees. 相似文献
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审计是否会产生真实的经济后果?资本市场的投资者是否会关注审计?这是审计研究的基础问题之一。以往研究多从审计师一方来分析不同的审计师特征对资本成本的影响,却少有文献关注作为审计契约的另一方——上市公司。在新兴市场国家中,企业集团是主要的企业组织形式。本文关注在同一实际控制人控制下的企业集团中,多家上市公司选择同一家事务所审计,即集团统一审计的经济后果。研究发现,整体而言,集团统一审计不但不能降低资本成本,反而会提高资本成本;进一步的研究发现,不同的事务所进行统一审计对资本成本的影响存在明显不同;法律环境的变化对统一审计的后果也存在明显影响。 相似文献
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审计文化影响力是与审计活动直接相联系的审计理念、审计价值观、审计职业道德、审计理论等"软"性文化因素的综合影响力。审计文化影响力分为外部和内部两种影响力,包括审计关系中、国家治理活动中和民主法治建设中的审计文化影响力等三个层次。审计主体形象和审计成果形式是审计文化外部影响力的基本载体。审计公信力是对审计行为的一种主观价值判断,是审计行为的形象及其产生的社会信誉所形成的心理反映,就是外部对审计的认可度和信任度。审计公信力是审计文化外部影响力的核心。 相似文献
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本文研究国资委招标选聘审计师政策的实施效果。以2000年至2011年政府控股的A股上市公司为样本,研究发现:首先,经国资委通过招标选聘的审计师审计后,公司财务重述的情况显著减少。其次,通过招标选聘审计师能降低审计收费。这表明通过招标选聘审计师总体上能得到"质优价廉"的审计服务。并且中央国资委实施招标选聘审计师的效果好于各级地方国资委。最后,进一步分析发现,中央国资委招标选聘审计师时,所选聘的会计师事务所规模比较大,而地方国资委选聘的审计师则更多是本地小事务所。本文研究表明,限制央企管理层影响审计师的招标选聘审计师政策,能够提高审计质量和降低审计费用。 相似文献
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上市公司股票期权激励计划公告日前,管理层有进行向下盈余管理的动机,以获取更低的行权价格.因此,管理层有强烈的审计意见购买动机以获得"清洁"审计意见.审计意见购买行为直接损害了审计质量和注册会计师的独立性,危及审计市场及社会经济的有效运行.本文站在独立研究者的角度,阐述了股权激励下审计意见购买的动机和方式,并提出相关防范... 相似文献
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中国上市公司初始审计的定价折扣考察——来自审计师变更的经验证据 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
初始审计的定价折扣具有重要的与审计独立性相关的公共政策含义。本文基于DeAngelo(1981)和Dye(1991)关于初始审计定价折扣的竞争性理论预期,利用2002——2004年我国审计市场的数据对初始审计的定价行为与特征进行了较为细致的实证考察。经验结果支持中国证监会关于审计费用的强制性公开披露政策,准租金和低价折扣引起的潜在的审计独立性问题会随着审计费用的公开披露而得到消除或减轻。本文还具有重要的监管含义:对审计师变更的监管应着重关注那些大型上市公司在小型会计师事务所之间进行变更的行为。 相似文献
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