广东现代服务业全要素生产率研究

本文利用Malmquist指数法,对广东2000～2008年现代服务业全要素生产率进行了测算。结果显示,广东现代服务业的快速增长并非源于要素使用效率的提高,而是得益于要素投入的增长;但各经济区差异较大,珠三角和西翼经济区现代服务业TFP高于全省平均水平,且现代服务业加速增长的同时,增长方式向集约型方式转变;而东翼经济区和山区现代服务业TFP不升反降,经济增长仍然主要依靠要素投入的增长。     

Assessing the output and productivity growth of Malaysia’s manufacturing sector

Given the importance of the manufacturing sector in the second-tier newly industrializing economy of Malaysia, this paper uses the stochastic frontier approach to assess the growth potential of this sector. This is performed by first estimating the production function by using panel data comprising 28 manufacturing industries over the period of 1981–1996. Unlike previous studies that used the growth accounting approach, here output growth is not just decomposed into input growth and total factor productivity growth but total factor productivity growth is further decomposed into technological progress and technical efficiency, thereby providing more direction for policy making.     

Efficiency change and growth in productivity: the Asian growth experience

This paper focuses on identifying the sources of productivity growth in ten Asian economies including China, Japan, the NIEs and the ASEAN-4. We calculate productivity growth and its components using distance-function-based Malmquist productivity indexes following Färe, Grosskopf, Norris, and Zhang (1994a). Hong Kong and Singapore are found to have the capabilities to shift the grand frontier of the APEC economies. But the productivity divergence might have occurred since the 70’s. The FDI contributes to the Asian growth either through catching-up or through technological innovations when a sufficient learning capacity is available in the host economy.     

中国区域经济发展效率评价——基于DEA和Malmquist指数

文章首先运用DEA方法对2012年中国内地30个省份的经济发展效率进行静态评价,其次运用Malmquist全要素生产力指数动态分析了中国内地30个省份2008-2012年的经济发展效率,由此得出了基于动态时间序列的中国经济发展效率变动情况。研究结果表明:基于静态时间考虑,全国大部分省份存在投入资源配置不合理的状况,由此导致经济发展效率不高。另外,由技术效率、规模效率与综合效率关系的拟合优度分析,发现影响我国经济发展效率的主要因素是技术效率;基于动态时间考虑,2008-2012年这5年间,中国区域经济发展的技术效率增长速度较快,因此,应该加强增强技术创新的重视,提升经济发展效率。     

Bank productivity in China 1997–2007: Measurement and convergence

This study examines the productivity growth of the nationwide banks of China and a sample of city commercial, banks for the ten years to 2007. Using a bootstrap method for the Malmquist index, estimates of the total factor productivity growth are constructed. Five different models of inputs and outputs based on variants of the Intermediation and Production approaches and non-performing loans are treated as a bad output, are examined for the purpose of arriving at a robust measure. The productivity growth of the state-owned commercial banks (SOCBs) is compared with the joint-stock banks (JSCBs) and city commercial banks (CCBs). In general, average TFP growth has been neutral over the period for the SOCBs and JSCBs but positive for the CCBs in the second part of the period. Efficiency gains (catch-up) were obtained through cost reduction and technical innovation was associated with greater diversification of revenue away from interest earnings. The opening up of the banking market has not led to a discernible improvement in bank productivity growth.     

江苏旅游业发展效率及对策研究——基于超效率DEA和Malmquist指数分析

文章利用超效率DEA模型和Malmqulst指数模型分别测算了江苏13市2001-2012年旅游业发展的静态效率与动态效率。结果显示:江苏旅游业静态效率保持先降后升的态势,从2001年的0.848下降到2006年的0.611,后又上升到2012年的0.824,12年间效率均值为0.726。各市旅游业效率存在显著的地区差异,且呈现逐步扩大的趋势。江苏旅游业动态效率(TFP)年均变化值-0.6%,增长主要来源于技术进步而不是规模效率的作用。在以上研究的基础上,提出提升江苏旅游业效率的对策,为旅游业持续、高效、健康发展提供理论参考。     

R&;D,trade, and productivity growth in korean manufacturing

This paper investigates the effects of both R&D spillovers and trade patterns on productivity in Korean manufacturing, using industry-level data. The results show that domestic and foreign R&D capital stocks played an important R&D in improving the total factor productivity of Korean manufacturing. Moreover, productivity is higher in export industries and the more open industries, and the effects of foreign R&D capital are stronger in the industries with large import shares or large intra-industry trade shares. JEL no. F10, O32, O47.     

中国城市效率差异及其影响因素——基于地级及以上城市面板数据的研究

使用2001~2007年中国266个地级及以上城市的投入产出数据,传统的DEA方法与超效率DEA方法相结合,分析了中国城市效率的变化趋势和空间差异,重点探讨各种城市条件因素对城市效率的影响特征。结果显示,中国城市效率较低且空间差异明显,各城市效率类型不但统计特征十分明显,而且地域分布上存在很明显的集聚特征。各种城市条件因素通过影响纯技术效率和规模效率并进一步地综合作用于城市效率,并且表现出截然不同的特征。     

服务业全要素生产率测度及其省际差异

运用2005～2009年中国31省份服务业面板数据,采用非参数Malmquist指数方法,对中国服务业全要素生产率的变动原因、空间差异与变动趋势进行考察,并将全要素生产率进一步分解为技术效率和技术进步。研究结果表明,中国服务业整体仍表现为粗放型的增长方式,全要素生产率呈现负增长,但增长速度有所放缓;服务业发展水平的空间差异明显,东部地区服务业发展水平高于中西部地区,其中西部和东北地区服务业发展水平较落后,且技术进步和技术效率对中国及各区域服务业的全要素生产率在时间和空间上有不同的影响。     

生产性服务业与制造业互动效率的区域比较研究--基于行业市场效率异质的视角

文章通过对区域内生产性服务业与制造业互动效率均衡分析,理论上界定与论证了生产要素在生产性服务业与制造业之间流动性配置的纠偏方向与均衡标准;运用中国工业企业数据库的企业层面数据,结合统计年鉴生产性服务业的同期宏观数据,分区域分行业实证研究发现：东西部区域普遍都存在制造业与生产性服务业整体规模不经济现象、互动效率较低、中部整体投资效率较高,存在较好的互动效果;东部机械制造业、轻工业、化工业、材料业四个行业的市场扭曲程都低于中西部区域;中部区域的机械制造业市场扭曲程度高于东部和西部,轻工业、化工业、材料业的市场扭曲程度都是居中;西部区域的轻工业、化工业、材料业三个行业的市场扭曲程度都是最高的,西部区域的机械制造业市场的扭曲程度高于东部但低于中部,最后分区域提出了对策建议。     

Efficiency and technology gap in China's agriculture: A regional meta-frontier analysis

This paper utilizes a unique county-level dataset to examine technical efficiency and technology gap in China's agriculture. We classify the counties into four regions with distinctive levels of economic development, and hence production technologies. A meta-frontier analysis is used. We find that although the eastern counties have the highest efficiency scores with respect to the regional frontier but the northeastern region leads in terms of agricultural production technology nationwide. Meanwhile, the mean efficiency of the northeastern counties is particularly low, suggesting technology and knowledge diffusion within region might help to improve production efficiency and thus agricultural output.     

Factor prices and productivity growth during the British industrial revolution

This paper presents new estimates of total factor productivity growth in Britain for the period 1770-1860. We use the dual technique and argue that the estimates we derive from factor prices are of similar quality to quantity-based calculations. Our results provide further evidence, calculated on the basis of an independent set of sources, that productivity growth during the British Industrial Revolution was relatively slow. The Crafts-Harley view of the Industrial Revolution is thus reinforced. Our preferred estimates suggest a modest acceleration after 1800.     

Productivity and economic growth in East Asia: innovation, efficiency and accumulation

This paper uses a varying coefficients frontier production function model to examine the sources of growth between 1987 and 1993 in four East Asian economies—Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan and South Korea. Using data for 20 manufacturing sectors at the three-digit SIC level, this study provides the first comprehensive examination of sources of growth that allows one to decompose total factor productivity growth, separating out technical efficiency changes (TECs) from technological progress (TP). We find that while there is ample evidence of the importance of increasing inputs in growth, and there is some support for technical efficiency change, or catching up to the frontier over this period, there is weak or even negative evidence for the role of technological progress, measured as a shift in the estimated production frontier.     

Land reform and agricultural productivity in India: a review of the evidence

In this paper we review as well as contribute to the empiricalliterature on the impact of land reform on agricultural productivityin India. We find that, overall for all states, land-reformlegislation had a negative and significant effect on agriculturalproductivity. However, this hides considerable variation acrosstypes of land reform, as well as variation across states. Decomposingby type of land reform, the main driver for this negative effectseems to be land-ceiling legislation. In contrast, the effectof tenancy reform, averaged across all states, is insignificant.There seems to be a wide range of state-specific effects, whichsuggests that focusing on average treatment effects can hidea considerable amount of heterogeneity. In particular, allowinga separate slope for West Bengal, one of the few states thatimplemented tenancy laws rigorously, we find that land reformhad a marginal positive effect relative to the rest of India.     

后WTO时期中资银行业面临的挑战与对策

随着我国加入世贸承诺的履行,越来越多的外资银行开始进入我国开展业务,这对中资银行业的发展既形成了挑战,同时也带来了机遇,中资银行业在新形势下应采取切实有效的措施,不断增强自身的竞争实力。     

Understanding openness and productivity growth in China: An empirical study of the Chinese provinces

This paper investigates the effects of openness on China's regional productivity growth. We build a model of technology diffusion in which follower economies achieve productivity growth by taking advantage of technology spillovers from the world technology frontier. We hypothesize that China's regional productivity growth is a positive function of regional openness and a negative function of the current level of regional productivity. Empirical analysis in this paper focuses on how openness affects productivity growth in the Chinese provinces. We examine two effects of openness on regional productivity growth in China: the direct growth effect and the convergence effect. By using a variety of panel data regression techniques, we show that the direct growth effect of openness is the main effect while the convergence effect is insignificant. The findings of this paper lend strong support to the claim that the opening-up of China promotes the country's economic growth.     

劳动成本、劳动生产率与中国制造业企业的竞争力

劳动成本上升一方面弱化了中国制造业企业的比较优势,另一方面也影响着企业竞争力的提高.我国制造业发展正处于一个关键时期,当务之急是改革现行的工资机制,从关注劳动力资源丰富、劳动力成本低的角度转向人力资本积累,转向自主创新,大幅度提高劳动生产率,为我国制造业的发展提供持续的竞争动力.     

粤港澳大湾区背景下江门物流产业效率及其提升策略研究

本文运用DEA效率测度模型,对江门市物流产业效率进行了测算,并与珠三角各城市进行了对比差异分析,结果显示:在2013-2018年期间,江门物流产业技术效率处于低水平稳定状态,技术效率平均值仅为0.53,在珠三角九市中排名第七位。纯技术效率下降是制约江门物流产业技术效率提升的主要因素,规模效率处于上升趋势,且每年规模效益处于递增状态。