The efficiency and productivity of Japanese securities firms, 1988–93

Non-parametric linear programming methods are used to construct the production technology and measure overall cost efficiency for Japanese securities firms during the period 1988–93. Overall cost efficiency is decomposed into allocative efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and congestion efficiency. The Malmquist input-based productivity index is also constructed and used to compare productivity change between the Big Four Japanese securities firms and other securities firms. The effects of various keiretsu links between securities firms and banks on overall cost efficiency are also examined.     

电网企业技术进步与技术效率对生产率的影响测算

为了分析电网行业的生产率受技术进步和技术效率的影响程度,使用基于DEA的Malmquist生产率指数方法,以9家省电力公司为样本,对电网企业的技术和生产效率的动态变动情况进行了研究。结果表明,2005-2010年间样本电网企业的全要素生产率年平均增长率为3.2%,技术进步的贡献大于技术效率的贡献。技术效率指数表现不优是由于多数样本企业的实际规模与最佳规模之间的偏差较大。因此为了提高我国电网企业生产率,关键是提升效率特别是规模效率。     

Analysis of regional productivity growth in China: A generalized metafrontier MPI approach

This paper analyzes the dynamics of China's productivity for the period 1996–2004 with a newly developed methodology — generalized metafrontier Malmquist productivity index (gMMPI). Implementing the gMMPI, this paper reviews the inequality of the coastal and non-coastal provinces, as well as the latent impact of scale efficiency change (SEC) for China. Using provincial data for the years 1996–2004, the empirical results are as follows. On average, China demonstrates an annual 3.191% productivity change, which is lower than 4.729% for the conventional MPI and accounts for about 26.508% of output growth over the period 1996–2004. Most of this change is propelled by technical progress, while a fraction is driven by the adjustment in production scale, and the efficiency change has an adverse effect. Furthermore, regional inequality is also found in this empirical work, and the productivity change of the coastal region is actually stronger than that of the non-coastal region. This paper also casts some focus on the China Western Development policy. Indeed, we do not find any outstanding achievement from the policy in the sample period, except that the west region sustained its rate of productivity change after 2000. Moreover, the SEC is found to be trivial in the advanced coastal region, but plays an important role in the relatively laggard non-coastal region. The implication of the positive SEC in the non-coastal region means that China's Western Development policy will improve the scale efficiency and the TFP growth of the west region.     

高校财政性研发经费投入产出效率实证研究——以河南省21所高校为例

高校财政性科研经费投入产出效率是政府财政投入的重要参考依据。本文以河南省高校科研投入与产出的截面数据为例,采用数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)模型对不同层次的21所高校财政性经费投入与产出效率进行了评价。结果表明：12所高校科研投入产出效率DEA有效;1所弱DEA有效的大学存在投入规模偏大且规模递减,综合技术效率未达到最优;8所非DEA有效高校未达到综合技术效率最优,但都处于规模递增状态。弱DEA有效大学的规模不宜扩大,更应注重科研产出与成果转化;非DEA有效样本高校可以增加科研投入规模,改善科研激励机制,加强人才引进力度,积极推动科研产出的增长。研究结果可以为高校发展和政府财政性科研经费分配提供有益参考。     

Gender Inequalities and Economic Efficiency: New Evidence from Cassava‐based Farm Holdings in Rural South‐western Nigeria

Abstract: It is a widely accepted fact that persistent inequality between men and women constrains a society's productivity and ultimately slows its rate of economic growth. The economy pays for this inequality in reduced labour productivity today and diminished national output tomorrow. Motivated by this, the study aim is to assess the possibilities of enhancing productivity gains by improving the efficiency of small‐scale agriculture through gender‐responsive intra‐household allocation of resources in south‐western Nigeria. The study adopts a stochastic parametric decomposition method which yields efficiency measures that are not distorted by statistical noise to estimate the efficiency level of resource allocation by small‐scale cassava producers. The results indicate that average overall productive efficiency in the sample was 75.78 per cent, implying that small‐scale cassava farmers in the sample could reduce total variable cost by 24.22 per cent if they reduce labour, fertilizer, land and capital applications to levels observed in the changing input mix (technical efficiency) and then obtain optimal input mix for the given input prices and technology (allocative efficiency). The average technical efficiency and allocative efficiency indexes for the sample were 82.2 per cent and 92.2 per cent respectively. Also, evidence from empirical analysis of data from the male respondents showed that the average economic, technical and allocative efficiency indexes were 88.06 per cent, 89.34 per cent and 78.67 per cent respectively while the same computed for the female sample were 94.9 per cent, 74.85 per cent and 71.03 per cent respectively. Labour was the most limiting factor in cassava production suggesting that the technologies that enhance the productivity of labour are likely to achieve significant positive effects on cassava production. The paper shares the notion that producers' control over the means of production and impact of development are related and has influence on the economic efficiency and growth of society. Again, technical inefficiency constituted a more serious problem than allocative inefficiency, thus most cost savings will accrue to improvement in technical efficiency.     

Productivity growth, technological progress, and efficiency change in chinese agriculture after rural economic reforms: A DEA approach

This study applies a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach to analyze total factor productivity, technology, and efficiency changes in Chinese agricultural production from 1984 to 1993. Twenty-nine provinces in China were classified into advanced-technology and low-technology categories. The Malmquist (1953) productivity measures were decomposed into two components: technical change index and efficiency change index. The results show that total factor productivity has risen in most provinces for both technology categories during the 1984–1993 period. Technical progress was mostly attributed to Chinese agricultural productivity growth after the rural economic reforms. The deterioration in technical efficiency in many provinces indicates China has great potential to increase productivity through improved technical efficiency. Enhancing rural education and research and development (R&D) in agriculture may also help farmers to improve technical efficiency and productivity in agricultural production.     

基于DEA-Malmquist模型的广东人工智能领军企业技术创新效率研究

基于DEA（数据包络分析）-Malmquist模型,选取广东人工智能（AI）产业的31家领军企业,对其技术创新效率进行实证分析。对于企业的技术创新效率,用Malmquist技术生产率指标来表示。Malmquist技术生产率指标是技术效率和技术进步的乘积,技术效率则又是规模效率和纯技术效率的乘积。然后再根据静态和动态两个方面的实证分析结果,提出广东人工智能产业未来发展的若干建议。     

1993-2005年广东农业生产率的变动与分解——基于Malmquist生产率指数的实证分析

本文使用非参数的Malmquist生产率指数方法,对广东省1993—2005年间农业全要素生产率（TFP）的变动趋势进行了考察,并把TFP的增长构成分解为技术进步、纯技术效率变化、规模效率变化三个部分。结果表明：13年间广东全省农业TFP的增长主要是由技术进步推动的,纯技术效率和规模效率的下降对TFP的增长造成了不利影响;农业TFP增长的地区水平差异显著,而且增长的结构也有所不同。最后是相应的政策建议。     

Input Rigidities and Performance of Vietnamese Universities

Universities in Vietnam are inclined to have an inefficient mix of input resources because of rigidities restricting the adoption of advanced teaching technology. There has been a deferral of the adoption of new teaching technologies to meet the rest of the world's higher education standards. Using an input‐orientated data envelopment analysis (DEA) method, technical, scale and mix efficiency indicators are estimated for 112 Vietnamese universities over the period 2011–2013 using the Färe–Primont index. The results indicate that the technical, scale and mix efficiency indicators are 0.784, 0.866 and 0.829, respectively. Using the fractional regression model, it is found that location, age, ownership and financial capacity have significant influences on the mix efficiency indicators of universities.     

Productivity, efficiency, scale economies and technical change: A new decomposition analysis of TFP applied to the Japanese prefectures

This paper aims to examine the productivity change of the Japanese economy using the data pertaining to the 47 prefectures during the period 1981–2000. The decomposition analysis of the Hicks–Moorsteen–Bjurek productivity index is conducted to explore the sources of the productivity change. In summary, technical change and efficiency change are two of the most important components driving procyclical productivity. We find that relative their importance varies over periods. Supply shocks captured by technical change component caused upturns in productivity in the mid and late 1980s and in 1999 and 2000. Supply shocks also caused downturns in the early and mid 1990s. On the other hand, demand shocks captured by efficiency change component drove upturns of productivity in 1984, 1990 and 1996, when supply shocks were not detected. J. Japanese Int. Economies 19 (4) (2005) 617–634.     

Factor Determinants of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Malaysian Manufacturing Industries: a decomposition analysis

To decompose total factor productivity growth into technical progress, technical efficiency change, allocative efficiency change, and scale efficiency change, a stochastic frontier approach was applied to Malaysian manufacturing data covering the period 2000 to 2004. The results show that total factor productivity was driven mainly by technical progress but was hurt by deteriorating technical efficiency. Scale efficiency and allocative efficiency also exerted significant influences on total factor productivity. The skill and quality of workers were the most important determinants of technical efficiency, whereas foreign ownership, imports, and employee quality underpinned technical progress. The impact of firm size on scale economies differed across industries.     

Knowledge economy and industry performance in China: a provincial level analysis

ABSTRACT

We construct a framework for investigating the effects of knowledge on industry performance. Using Chinese provincial industry data from 2000 to 2012, we decompose total factor productivity (TFP) change into the four components of embodied technical change, disembodied technical change, scale efficiency change, and technical efficiency change. Our results show a considerably stronger positive effect of advanced knowledge on production technology than of basic knowledge. International knowledge spillovers, particularly trade-induced spillovers, are more effective in inducing TFP growth than domestic spillovers. Our analysis further illustrates a discrepancy in TFP growth rates between regions, and we find TFP of the Central and West Region to be catching-up with the East Region. On average, scale efficiency change is the major contributing factor to regional disparities in TFP change. We discuss several policy implications of our results.

Abbreviation: Advanced knowledge (ADV); Share of agriculture (AGR); Basic knowledge (BAS); Chinese Industrial Census (CIC); Data envelopment analysis (DEA); Disembodied technical change (DTC); Embodied technical change (ETC); Foreign direct investment (FDI); Gross domestic product (GDP); Population density (POD); Scale efficiency change (SEC); Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA); International spillovers from foreign countries (SPF); Cross-sectoral external knowledge spillovers within China (SPH); Neutral technical change (TC); Technical efficiency (TE); Technical efficiency change (TEC); Total factor productivity (TFP); International trade (TRD); Degree of urbanization (URB)     

Foreign investment and spillover efficiency in an underdeveloped economy: Evidence from the Mexican manufacturing industry

In this paper we consider the question whether differences in technical efficiency of Mexican plants in part derive from spillover efficiency associated with foreign direct investment. We use labour productivity as a measure of technical efficiency, and relate this to capital intensity, labour quality and scale of production. We measure the degree of competition by different concentration indices and the final factor determining efficiency is the presence of foreign subsidiaries. If there is a positive relation between efficiency of domestic plants and the foreign participation of various industries we conclude that there is a spillover of technical efficiency. The empirical evidence from the study indicates that this is the case.     

A Generalized Distance Function and the Analysis of Production Efficiency

A generalization of Shephard's distance functions is proposed, extending the usefulness of distance functions in economic analysis. Applications to efficiency measurements and productivity analysis are presented. New indexes of productivity and technical, allocative, and scale efficiency are proposed and analyzed. Interpretation of these indexes in terms of ray-average cost, ray-average revenue, and cost-to-revenue ratio is discussed.     

Productivity change and the effects of policy reform in China's agriculture since 1979

During China's rural reforms, policies were frequently adjusted. Most policies favoured the continuation and deepening of reform; but some were contradictory or even led to regression in the reform process. How have the rural reforms affected China's agricultural production over the past three decades; and what lessons can be learned to aid the future course of reform? To answer these questions, this study estimates productivity change in China's agriculture and evaluates the effects of policy on agricultural output during the reform period. Aggregated provincial‐level data for the 1979–2008 period are used in a translog production frontier model to estimate indices of total factor productivity (TFP) change and its three components—technical change, technical efficiency change, and a scale effect—with a focus on explaining the variation in technical efficiency. The estimation results show that the impressive improvement of TFP change is dominated by the technical change component. However, technical efficiency change and scale effects have worked against the improvement in TFP change in most periods. To improve technical efficiency, social welfare policies designed to eliminate the rural–urban divide, and reform polices focusing on factor market reforms, such as reform of the household registration system (hukou) and reform of land rights, seem to hold some potential.     

基于DEA-Malmquist指数法的宁夏制造业全要素生产率分析研究

运用2009-2018年10个行业的面板数据,使用数据包络分析（DEA）和Malmquist指数法的合成模型对宁夏回族自治区制造业及其十个细分行业的综合效率和全要素生产率变化进行分析。运用软件DEAP2.1进行数据的动态分析,得出了宁夏制造业生产率指数按不同时期和不同行业的分解。结果表明：宁夏制造业生产率年均增长为1.1%,而技术效率和规模效率出现年均0.6%和1.4%的衰退,对生产率产生了负面影响。因此,为了保证宁夏制造业生产率的增长,本文结合Malmquist指数法的分析结果从政府层面、企业层面和产业层面三个方面提出了合理的建议。     

我国城市商业银行2009—2011年生产效率分析

通过数据包络分析（DEA）模型对2009—2011年国内53家具有代表性的城市商业银行进行生产率分析,并通过Malmquist指数将其生产率变化分解为技术效率及技术进步两个指数进行研究。结果表明,伴随着2009—2011年间国内城商行规模的快速扩张,大型城商行规模效率逐渐下降,开始呈现规模递减发展趋势,而多数中小型城商行因为规模相对较小,处于规模报酬不变的扩张区间;对Malmquist指数测度结果的分析则表明国内大型城商行全要素生产率指数变化无论在均值还是在稳定性方面都要优于中小型城商行,突出表现在影响其内部发展的技术进步上,中小型城商行亟需通过软硬件、服务功能、产品创新等进一步提升既有技术水平,从而支撑其业务的可持续发展。     

河南省文化产业效率及其动态演化

使用超效率SBM模型和Malmquist指数模型,测算分析了2014-2015年河南省文化产业效率及其动态变动状况。研究发现：从静态效率来看,河南省文化产业效率为0.754,处于较低水平,且有下降趋势,其主要动因在于规模效率比较低。文化产业效率的区域差异明显,且驱动因素和投入产出松弛类型呈现出多元化。从动态效率来看,河南省文化产业全要素生产率年均增长5.2%,其增长的主导因素是效率变动指数的提高。为了进一步提高河南省文化产业效率,加快推动文化产业的跨越式发展,为此要整合文化资源,优化资源配置;推动文化产业技术进步,加强文化产业制度创新;充分利用高校和科研机构资源,培养高素质文化产业人才;采取差异化的文化产业发展策略,实现各地市文化产业的协调发展。     

浙江省农业地区技术效率差异实证分析

如何提高浙江农业竞争力,保持农业的长期快速增长,是摆在我们面前的一个迫切的任务,而农业部门技术效率的高低直接影响一个地区的农业竞争力。文章用DEA方法对浙江省11个地区的农业技术效率和规模效率进行测算,并对地区差异进行分析。     

中国省际高技术产业创新效率评价研究——基于超效率DEA模型和Malmquist指数法

基于中国29个省区市2014-2018年高技术产业的面板数据,首先采用超效率DEA模型对各省市生产效率进行测算,进而构建DEA-Malmquist模型对各省市综合生产率指数进行计算和分解.结果表明:中国高技术产业创新效率的总体水平较高,但是超过一半的省市区要素投入结构不合理,而且主要分布在中部和西部地区,创新效率存在较大的区域差异;中国高技术产业的全要素生产率指数平均值大于1,很多省份存在规模效率不高的问题,导致创新效率呈现N型的回调震动形态,技术进步和技术效率是全要素生产率提高的主要动力.因此,为了进一步提高我国高技术产业创新效率,需要注意保持高技术产业的技术水平和技术效率,尤其要注重高技术产业科技资源的优化配置,提升高技术产业创新资源的管理水平.