公司治理模式的比较及对我国的启示

在现代市场经济国家中,由于各国历史文化传统、经济发展道路和政治法律的差异,经过长期的公司实践,形成了不同的公司治理理论和公司治理模式,即英美模式和德日模式。近几年来,随着东亚公司治理结构的发展和相关理论的兴起,家族模式也开始被广泛关注。本文比较分析了三种公司治理模式特点和利弊,并在此基础上提出了建立和完善具有中国特色的公司治理模式的一些建议。     

我国公司法与公司治理探析

公司治理是世界各国普遍关注的问题,由于我国从高度集中的计划经济发展而来,改革开放搞市场经济的时间也不长,所以我国公司内部的问题尤其多,考察当今世界发达国家像美国、日本、德国等国家的公司治理模式,进行深入的比较,以利于我们应吸取各国公司治理的先进经验,完善我国的公司治理结构.     

浅谈目前我国上市公司治理亟待解决的问题

从全球范围来看,各个国家都存在着不同的公司治理模式,但并没有一个很好的标准来衡量到底是哪种治理模式更为先进和科学。无论是英美的治理模式还是日德的治理模式都或多或少的出现了一些问题,本文主要结合公司治理的概念、公司治理模式等方面阐述了目前我国公司治理结构中存在的一些问题。     

公司治理模式的比较分析

公司治理结构对公司的效率起着决定性作用，分析、借鉴西方国家的公司治理模式对于提高我国企业的绩效有重大意义。本较为详细地分析了英美公司治理模式和德日公司治理模式的特征。     

日本公司内部治理结构的改革与发展

建立良好的公司内部治理结构是公司治理的重要组成部分。近年,随着国际国内经济状况的变化,作为德日公司治理模式的代表国家——日本正在全面推进公司内部治理结构的改革,在形式上向英模公司治理模式靠拢。分析日本公司内部治理结构的特点、问题以及改革过程,对我国公司完善公司治理有借鉴意义。     

美、日公司治理模式差异及其对高层经理激励的影响

美国、日本公司在公司治理结构所依赖的市场经济环境、公司股权结构、股东监控机制、董事会结构等方面存在着很大的差距。而这些差距在两国高层经理人员的聘用、薪酬结构、薪酬水平、高层经理人员绩效评价等高层经理激励机制方面都有很深刻的影响。公司治理结构的差异决定了高层经理人员激励模式的差异。     

我国公司治理模式的文化特征

公司治理模式产生于特定的历史、政治、经济和文化土壤。本文基于公司治理模式和文化之间逻辑关系的理论分析,考察了我国公司治理模式的文化特征,得出结论,既:我国公司治理模式体现出典型的“儒家传统主义”的文化特征。在我国这样一个转型经济国家在建立、创新公司治理结构时,必须考虑到各种模式的文化差异,同时,适应现代公司治理结构的要求,对文化中的有利因素加以利用,对其不利因素进行摒弃。     

现代公司制企业治理结构模式暨理论回顾

建立现代企业制度是我国社会主义市场经济体制改革的一项重要内容,本文通过回顾公司制企业治理结构的理论,并列举了当今存在的典型的公司治理结构模式,从中比较优劣和适应范围,试图为我国企业建立适合国情的公司治理结构提供借鉴。     

我国公司治理模式的文化特征

公司治理模式产生于特定的历史、政治、经济和文化土壤.本文基于公司治理模式和文化之间逻辑关系的理论分析,考察了我国公司治理模式的文化特征,得出结论,既我国公司治理模式体现出典型的"儒家传统主义"的文化特征.在我国这样一个转型经济国家在建立、创新公司治理结构时,必须考虑到各种模式的文化差异,同时,适应现代公司治理结构的要求,对文化中的有利因素加以利用,对其不利因素进行摒弃.     

公司治理模式中审计监控体系的比较研究

公司治理是当前一个世界性的理论研究和实践课题,良好的公司治理是现代市场经济健康运作的微观基础。两种典型的公司治理模式分别是英美模式和德日模式,这两种模式都存在着巨大差异,其审计监控体系也体现出不同的特点。通过比较,得到两点启示:公司治理理念是影响审计监控结构的重要因素;内部审计监督及注册会计师审计的关系清晰、分工明确是构建有效的审计监控体系的关键。立足本国,以期改善我国的公司治理结构,建立与之相适应的审计监控体系。     

对国有商业银行治理结构的探讨

公司治理改革已经成为一个普遍关注的焦点问题。这一改革不限于某个特定地区或某些国家,而是一个全球性现象。随着市场经济体制改革的深入以及世界贸易组织的加入,我国国有商业银行面临越来越大的冲击。构建良好的银行治理结构是我国国有商业银行改革的关键。目前我国国有商业银行公司治理结构存在一定的缺陷,主要有产权结构单一,委托代理链条长,存在明显的内部人控制,缺乏有效的管理者激励机制以及信息披露制度方面的问题。为此,针对我国国有商业银行现存缺陷,提出了相应的改进建议。     

Neither Principles Nor Rules: Making Corporate Governance Work in Sub-Saharan Africa

Corporate governance is often split between rule-based and principle-based approaches to regulation in different institutional contexts. This split is often informed by the types of institutional configurations, their strengths, and the complementarities within them. This approach to corporate governance regulation is mostly discussed in the context of developed economies and their regulatory demands. However, in developing and weak market economies, such as in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is no such explicit split and the debates on such contexts in the comparative corporate governance literature have been meagre. Nonetheless, there are sparks of good corporate governance practices in the region. Drawing from institutional theory and a case study of a largest economy, we explore the appropriateness or suitability of corporate governance regulatory frameworks in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings suggest that Nigeria needs an integrated system that combines elements of both rule-based and principle-based regulation, supported by a multi-stakeholder co-regulation strategy. This paper departs from the mainstream rule-based and principle-based categorisations by forging ahead new perspectives on corporate governance regulation, especially in weak market economies.     

The emergence of corporate governance in Russia

This article tracks the emergence of corporate governance through four stages of the Russia’s transition to a market economy from the mid-1980s to the present: commercialization, privatization, nomenklatura, and statization. For each stage, the government’s economic objectives are summarized, as well as the foundations for the development of and inhibitors to corporate governance. The problems of nondisclosure and nontransparency that made Russia one of the riskiest countries for investment are discussed. The article emphasizes the substantial progress made recently, culminating in the 2002 Corporate Code of Conduct. The article concludes with prospects for corporate governance to be considered by investors, including foreign executives and managers interested in direct investment in Russia.     

Are East Asian Companies Benefiting from Western Board Practices?

Since the Asian crisis, East Asian nations have strived to introduce corporate governance codes, directing companies how to best improve their corporate governance practices. However, these codes have not been universally accepted by East Asian companies. This study examines the adoption of major board-related corporate governance recommendations by large non-financial companies in seven East Asian nations and investigates whether improvements in these board governance mechanisms have been associated with increased operating performance and market value. The results indicate that family-owned companies started with worse board governance and have been least likely to improve their board governance since the crisis. Overall, bigger, faster growing, non-family-owned companies with less concentrated ownership have been more likely to improve their board governance. Splitting of the positions of Chairman and CEO, creation of audit and nomination committees and improvements in overall board governance were found to have a positive relationship with subsequent operating performance and/or market value. John Nowland is a Finance Lecturer at Queensland University of Technology in Australia. He holds a research masters degree and is completing his PhD at the University of Queensland. His current research focuses on corporate governance and capital markets in Asia.     

Theorising South Africa’s Corporate Governance

South Africa’s principal corporate governance report aspires to an ‘inclusive’ approach to corporate governance, in which companies are clearly advised to consider the interests of a variety of stakeholders. Yet, in common with many other countries, there is little discussion of the theoretical foundations and assumptions implicit in the recommended approach to corporate governance. The purpose of this article is to provide an analysis of corporate governance and the corporate environment in South Africa in terms of existing theory and models of corporate governance, and to provide a critique based on a consideration of traditional African values and the socio-economic necessities of post-apartheid South Africa. The result is the identification of an incompatibility between the current corporate environment in South Africa and the given exposition of African values. Some prospects for change are then identified.     

基于公司董事会理论基础的研究述评

董事会作为公司治理机制的一个重要组成部分,在公司治理变迁中的作用日益凸现。董事会作为一种内生性的控制机制,其相关均有合理和不足之处,关键是在董事会管制与市场之间寻求一个平衡点。     

中国保险公司治理研究:基于知识和创新的视角

中国保险公司治理的基本特征是"股东单边治理",本文基于知识和创新的视角指出,股东单边治理的根本缺陷在于无法对经理层进行有效的内部制衡和市场制衡,上述缺陷导致中国保险公司内部治理结构失衡.不同国家采用不同方式对股东单边治理缺陷进行弥补.通过理论推导和国外实践,本文指出中国保险公司治理发展只能走利益相关者内部治理主导模式.     

Corporate governance or governance by corporates? Testing governmentality in the context of China's national oil and petrochemical business groups

Like other industrial sectors with significant – ‘pillar’ – importance in China's overall economy and development, oil and petrochemicals are governed by state-owned business groups. In this context, ‘corporate governance’ of these groups is of fundamental interest. This study probes corporate governance of 31 national oil and petrochemical business groups by examining their structure, development and business activities in the period from 2007 to 2011. The post-1998 restructuring of China's qiyejituan business groups, their related party transactions and related party corporate finance all yield insight into how property rights are decisive in how corporate governance based on governmentality – or the interrelation of corporate, state and social relations – is structured. This study sheds light on how China's big business policy and governance of the state-business interface progresses in a socialist market economy. It has clear implications international trade and investment as well as multinational corporations doing business with China.     

Changing facets of leadership in East Asia: globalization,innovation and performance in Japan,South Korea and China

ABSTRACT

Japan, South Korea and China are the three juggernauts of the East Asian economy. In gross domestic product terms, China is the world’s second largest economy, Japan the third and South Korea the eleventh. Also, Japan and South Korea are the only two of the OECD’s prestigious Development Assistance Committee members from Asia, providing a large combined annual budget to developing countries, and the only two Asian countries of the seven-member 50–20 Club with members with a population of 50 million or more and a per capita GDP of US$20,000 or more. Many studies have offered explanations of this Asian economic and corporate success, although few have attempted to explain the leadership styles in these three countries. Globalization has also changed these economies enormously, leading to the possible convergence with universalism forces and commensurate globalization of their leadership styles. This collection, therefore, presents some of the most recent findings of leadership studies on Japan, South Korea and China in light of this.     

Corporate governance and MNE strategies in emerging economies

We explore factors of convergence and divergence in corporate governance of emerging and developed market economies, focussing on the role of firm internationalisation. In particular, foreign investments by emerging economy firms led to upgrade of their governance capabilities. These firms also became advocates for home-country policy reforms that mandated the development of similar capabilities for local firms. We present a broad overview of the literature and propose an approach that considers the evolution of corporate governance, both at the national level and the firm level, with MNEs from both emerging market economies and developed economies as active actors in this process.