日本对华直接投资的产业转移趋势及其结构优化之策

本文通过研究上世纪日本对华直接投资的产业分布及新世纪的产业转移趋势，从政策上对日本对华直接投资加以引导，以利于优化我国产业结构和提高我国的国际竞争力。     

国际直接投资格局的新特点与我国海外直接投资的区位选择

一、国际直接投资格局的新特点 国际直接投资格局自90年代开始,由于受世界经济整体不景气因素的影响及80年代国际投资趋势的惯性作用,出现了一些新的特点: 1.国际直接投资方向格局的变化。进入90年代后,由于世界经济的不景气,为了分散和转移风险,国际直接投资战线纷纷缩短,发达国家间相互投资和发达国家对发展中国家的直接投资方向上普遍产生了明显的“区域偏     

新世纪日本对华直接投资产业转移分析

从日本开始对华直接投资以来,两国在这一领域的合作就不断加强。进入新世纪后,中国经济实力的增强以及入世后明朗的发展前景,对日本新一轮对华直接投资产生了很大的吸引力。本文通过分析20世纪90年代以来日本对华直接投资的产业分布特征以及新世纪日本对华直接投资的产业转移趋势后,提出了优化日本对华投资产业结构的对策,旨在吸引更多的日资,使其在中国经济增长和产业结构升级中发挥更大作用。     

国际产业转移是怎样影响东道国贸易规模的?北大核心CSSCISSCI

国际产业转移是伴随着国际直接投资而产生的。本文从传统的母国视角转换为东道国视角,分析产业转移(FDI)的贸易替代与贸易创造效应的发生机理和影响因素,并以中国省区数据进行了验证,得出本文的基本结论。为承接产业转移之前的决策提供了理论依据。     

从产业转移看中美贸易不平衡

在回顾中美贸易发展和有关理论分析的基础上,结合外国对华产业转移和美国对外产业转移的事实,本文发现中美贸易不平衡是由经济全球化所引起的国家间比较优势动态转变所造成的,是国际分工主导下国际产业转移的必然结果。美国对外产业转移和外国对华产业转移促成了中国对美的巨额贸易顺差,只要产业转移趋势依然存在且美国不调整其经济结构,中美贸易不平衡的局面就难以发生根本性的改变。     

国际产业转移是怎样影响东道国贸易规模的?

国际产业转移是伴随着国际直接投资而产生的。本文从传统的母国视角转换为东道国视角,分析产业转移(FDI)的贸易替代与贸易创造效应的发生机理和影响因素,并以中国省区数据进行了验证,得出本文的基本结论。为承接产业转移之前的决策提供了理论依据。     

后危机时代中国承接国际产业转移战略转型分析——基于中印引进外商直接投资与承接服务外包业比较视角

2008年金融危机后,随着发达国家产业结构的调整,国际产业转移呈现了加速趋势,中印两国同为发展中国家且同属国际产业转移的重要客体,势必在此次国际产业转移中互相竞争.研究中国如何抓住此次国际产业转移的机遇具有重大意义.因此,本文首先阐述了金融危机后国际产业转移的出现的新特点,从中印两国在吸引外商直接投资和承接服务外包业转移的视角,寻求出中国今后承接国际产业转移的方向,并提出了中国承接国际产业转移措施.     

我国承接国际产业转移的新趋势及对策

在国际产业转移的背景下,我国承接国际产业转移呈现新趋势:承接产业由劳动、资本密集型产业向资本、技术密集型产业发展,对外直接投资(ODI)、外商直接投资(FDI)和离岸外包成为产业转移的主要路径,产业转移由垂直分工向垂直与水平复合型分工方式发展。我国在承接国际产业转移的过程中应更加积极,由被动地接受边缘产业或环节向主动"走出去"转变。同时,做好基础设施建设和加大人才培养力度;进一步提高行业的市场竞争力,避免海外高新技术在我国市场形成垄断;重视独立自主研发,提高在产业链分工中的地位。     

对外直接投资产业选择基准研究

中国的对外直接投资正处于较快发展期,新一轮的国际产业转移及国内产业结构调整都为中国对外直接投资发展提供了契机。遵循国际直接投资发展的一般规律,根据中国产业成长的阶段性特征,充分考虑国内投资主体的实际,在准确把握投资区位环境要素的基础上,以提升国内产业国际竞争力为目标,科学、合理地确定对外直接投资的产业至关重要。     

浙江产业转移之思——从产业“输血”到“造血”——以浙江“产业援疆”为例

产业转移是指在市场经济条件下,发达区域的部分企业顺应区域比较优势的变化,通过跨区域直接投资,把部分产业的生产转移到发展中区域进行,从而在产业的空间分布上表现出该该企业由发达区域向发展中区域转移的现象。     

跨国公司对外直接投资规模均衡分析

在内部化理论的基础上,通过研究有关变量之间的内在联系及其变化规律,建立了跨国公司国际直接投资二元成本均衡分析理论模型。据此模型直观而定量地分析、解释了跨国公司跨国经营方式的选择、国际直接投资规模与国际市场交易规模的均衡条件。结论如下:利用母公司拥有的无形中间产品的国际垄断优势在国际市场充分获利、借助外国资源禀赋优势为国内母公司供给大量的有形中间产品,是企业跨国经营的原因和方向;权衡两类相关成本以最大限度地节约总相关成本、追求最大相关利润,是企业进行跨国经营方式选择、国际直接投资均衡的动力和依据。     

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment

Despite the growing interest in capital and technology issues, certain issues still remain to be explored regarding the determinants of foreign direct investment by a multinational corporation and the corporation's consequent choice of investment location. This paper addresses some of these concerns by analyzing the determinants of foreign direct investment by a multinational corporation, both theoretically and empirically. For this purpose, the paper integrates a number of traditional and nontraditional variables into the standard theory of investment based on the maximization of the expected value of the firm. The theoretical model implies that both traditional as well as nontraditional factors matter in determining the flows of foreign direct investment in a country. The generalized investment theory on US foreign direct investment then is tested empirically utilizing panel data for 44 countries from 1983 to 1990. The estimation results provide considerable support for the importance of both traditional and nontraditional factors in determining flows of foreign direct investment in a country. Furthermore, the country-specific dummies show high level of significance, reflecting the importance of the country-specific characteristics in explaining flows of foreign direct investment.     

论中小企业跨国投资的产业选择及其基准

中小企业由于具有产权优势、速度优势、创新优势、企业集群优势及独特的国际竞争力，在对外直接投资方面发挥着重要作用，并将成为中国企业跨国投资的主体。根据对外直接投资的相关理论及各国实践，中小企业跨国投资的产业选择基准须体现在资源保障导向基准、市场导向基准、产业结构导向基准及学习与技术寻求导向基准等方面。依据中国的实际和国际经验，中国中小企业对外直接投资的产业选择为：以具有比较优势的制造业作为跨国投资的突破点；适当扩大对高新技术产业的投资；加大对服务业的投资比重，形成并发展服务业的国际化体系．     

U.S. DIRECT INVESTMENT TO MEXICO: POLITICS, ECONOMICS, AND NAFTA

The goal of this paper is to determine whether the recent opening of the Mexican economy caused a significant change in the investment behavior of U.S. multinational firms. The first finding is that a real investment function that explained the data well through 1989 shifted dramatically thereafter. Tests indicate that the probable causes of this shift were (i) the relaxation of Mexican restrictions on direct investment after 1989 and (ii) anticipatory investment behavior after the positive conclusion of the NAFTA negotiations.     

全球外资并购市场的形成及规律研究

19世纪60年代企业并购开始,经历上世纪90年代跨国公司的迅速膨胀和第五次并购浪潮的深入,全球外资并购市场已经初见端倪。经济全球化、科技创新、投资自由化对外资并购市场的形成起了关键作用。外资并购市场形成过程伴随着产业转移规律、地域转移规律、行业演进规律。     

Profit sharing under the threat of nationalization

A multinational corporation engages in foreign direct investment for the extraction of a natural resource in a developing country. The corporation bears the initial investment and earns as a return a share of the profits. The host country provides access and guarantees conditions of operation. Since the investment is totally sunk, the corporation must account in its plan not only for uncertainty in market conditions but also for the threat of nationalization. In a real options framework, where the government holds an American call option on nationalization, we show under which conditions a Nash bargaining leads to a profit distribution maximizing the joint venture surplus. We find that the threat of nationalization does not affect the investment threshold but only the Nash bargaining solution set. Finally, we show that the optimal sharing rule results from the way the two parties may differently trade off rents with option values.     

跨国公司投资对中国产业结构的影响

跨国公司投资对中国产业结构优化具有积极的影响。但由于跨国公司的本质是在东道国获取高额垄断利润,所以其必然与中国的投资导向发生某种偏离,对中国的产业结构产生消极的影响。因此,应对跨国公司投资给予积极的引导,促进中国的产业结构优化升级。     

The relationship between foreign ownership and technology transfer

This paper focuses on technology-transfer implications of foreign-ownership restrictions. Using a theory of the multinational corporation, testable implications concerning the transfer of product and process technology via wholly owned subsidiaries and joint ventures are developed. Comparing selected countries that deter wholly owned foreign direct investment to less restrictive countries, two predicted results are found. First, technology transferred to countries that deter wholly owned foreign direct investment is disproportionately process rather than product technology. Secondly, the product technology transferred to countries that deter wholly owned foreign direct investment is relatively older.     

Multinational enterprise: The old and the new in history and theory

This historical paper reveals that international economic integration is neither new or necessarily driven by technological change, and examines the traditional, pre-1940, “vertical” multinational, which invested up- and downstream of their innovation, in light of this fact. An analysis is given of how this older multinational relates to current, “horizontal” firms, which produce a number of products in several places. Using the language of industrial organization theory, this paper shows that technological discoveries of the late nineteenth century explain the shift in multinational organization and the emergence of global oligopolies.     

Multinationals, Technology Upgrading, and Wages in Urban and Rural Indonesia

The author examines whether foreign direct investment has an effect on regional disparities in a developing country. For this purpose, the author compares the magnitude of productivity and wage spillovers derived from foreign presence to local firms in different locations. Using plant-level panel data for Indonesian manufacturing in 1990–95, the study finds supporting evidence for the hypothesis that the effects of foreign presence on the level and growth of productivity and wages in locally owned plants are greater in regions where multinational corporation affiliates tend to have a higher concentration as compared to other regions in the same province. The findings indicate that spillovers occur locally and diffuse to neighboring regions in part, and thus that the concentration of foreign direct investment in a certain region imparts a greater positive externality on one hand, and negatively affects regional disparities on the other.