创业企业网络演化模式

针对创业企业网络从萌芽到早期发展的网络演化过程进行了分析。根据嵌入社会关系的有凝聚力网络和嵌入丰富结构洞的分散网络的观点,运用动态的研究方法协调两个表面上看起来有矛盾的网络理论观点,进一步启发研究者深入理解创业企业网络的动态机制及形成过程。     

基于领导企业行为的产业网络及其动态性研究

产业网络是由网络参与人运用各种资源展开活动而形成的动态组织.领导企业运用其对网络的控制力构建了两种不同层面的网络规则.受领导企业战略行为和组织形式影响,产业网络产生扩张、收缩和转移.技术变革使新企业可能取代原有企业成为新的领导者,并重构产业网络.企业行为导致产业网络动态变化的实质原因来自于企业绩效的变动.构建了产业网络与企业绩效,企业绩效与企业产出、区域资源、竞争性企业、供应商的函数关系,分析了企业绩效如何影响企业进出并引发产业网络的动态变化.     

Digital Platforms and the Nature of the Firm

Abstract:

Digital platforms turn traditional approaches of the firm, which relied on the wage relation to explain the major difference between firm and market, upside down and underline the advantages of coordination through organization over coordination through market. This study aims to propose a definition of the firm able to integrate, besides the integrated firm, also hybrid forms such as networks of subcontractor/subcontracting firms as well as atypical forms such as digital platforms. By reactivating the firm-boundary problem, this article suggests putting valorization by labor at the heart of the firm’s decisions concerning integration. It suggests therefore a general definition of the firm as a techno-institutional center of capital valorization, provided that firms make profits by means of the appropriation of labor incorporated into their (productive, structural, intellectual) capital through institutional arrangements. By stressing the relation of production between the owners of the means of production and the direct producers, the approach of the firm supported here should allow to cover the different existing models of the firm, from the classical firm to hybrid models, around which the boundary debate has revolved, to digital platforms.     

Codification,Abstraction, and Firm Differences: A Cognitive Information-based Perspective

Synopsis The resource-based view shares with population ecology, organizational systematics, organizational cladistics, and institutional theory a concern with why firms differ and with what keeps them different. These two questions only have meaning if – as has been the case in the eoclassical theory of the firm – similarities between firms are taken as the default assumption. This paper distinguishes between ontological heterogeneity – differences in the world – and epistemic heterogeneity – differences in the way that the world is construed. Focusing on the latter, it puts forward an argument for taking epistemic heterogeneity between firms as the default assumption. It starts with a general analysis of how living systems make sense of the world. It then goes on to identify the cognitive activities of codification and abstraction as key sources of epistemic heterogeneity. The findings are applied to those systems called firms where a dominant logic allows epistemic heterogeneity to persist. In some case this leads to competitive advantage, in others to a debilitating inertia. The implications for a knowledge-based theory of the firm are briefly explored.     

Organizing Economic Experiments: Property Rights and Firm Organization

Many economists, notably Austrian economists, have argued that the market process is essentially an experimental process. We briefly try to clarify this conceptualization, and then argue that we may understand the firm in much the same light. A basic view of the firm as an experimental entity is derived, drawing on property rights insights.     

高校教师的组织支持感、集体自尊与组织承诺关系

本文基于社会认同的理论视角,通过对某高校197名在职教师的实证研究,探讨了组织支持感、集体自尊与情感承诺及规范承诺之间的关系。层次回归分析的结果表明,在控制了性别、年龄、职称以及工龄4个变量的效应后,教师的组织支持感与其情感承诺与规范承诺正相关,教师的内部集体自尊在组织支持感与组织承诺(情感承诺与规范承诺)的关系中表现出部分中介效应。     

企业的契约性质、所有权理论及公司治理结构述评

公司治理结构是一个企业所有权安排的契约,而企业所有权的制度设置是由企业的本质决定的,对企业本质的不同认识必然导致不同性质的公司治理结构.本文通过文献综述,旨在勾勒出企业的契约性质--企业所有权理论--公司治理结构三者的演进脉络和之间的对应关系,发现企业家人力资本产权与企业所有权之间的复杂联系是未来公司治理问题研究的焦点.     

经济学视角的社会网络研究述评

社会网络是社会学研究的核心领域,在发展过程中逐渐受到了其他领域学者的关注。近些年来,有关社会网络的经济学方面的研究越来越多。在阐述社会网络的基本概念及表述方法的基础上,重点从社会网络成因以及社会网络结构对经济个体行为的影响两个方面对相关理论进行回顾,指出现有研究的不足,并对社会网络理论的进一步研究做出展望。     

战略人力资源管理、企业文化与绩效:理论及实证检验

企业战略人力资源管理的执行过程长期以来被视为神秘的“黑匣子”,为了解战略人力资源管理影响组织绩效的原因,有必要打开该黑匣。本文探讨企业文化在战略人力资源管理与组织绩效之关系中的中介效应。以我国110家企业为样本的实证分析表明：发展型企业文化的中介效应在战略人力资源管理影响组织绩效的关系中得到充分体现,而等级型企业文化却不能对公司绩效产生显著的影响。     

企业同质性假设、异质性假设与企业性质

本文通过对企业同质性假设和异质性假设的进一步探讨,认为运用企业同质性假设的抽象方法可以合乎逻辑的解释企业的契约本质和企业契约的"规制或分配性",而企业异质性假设方法的运用可以理解企业的多样性和差异性,从而对企业契约的"生产性"做出令人信服的解释.企业契约理论和企业能力理论在事实上共同构成了一个有关企业性质认识的完整分析框架.     

Worker Cooperatives in the Theory of the Firm: Marx and Veblen on Technological Determinism

This article contends that, in their treatments of worker cooperatives, the predominant theories of the firm adhere to the logic of technological determinism, and can accordingly be evaluated using the ideas of Thorstein Veblen and Karl Marx. Invoking these patriarchs’ respective distinctions between instrumental and ceremonial institutions and between the technical and social relations of production, the article argues that, contrary to contemporary theories of the firm, worker cooperatives possess an inherent but often latent advantage in implementing bureaucratic organizational structures, enjoying their instrumental/technical benefits for technology and coordination without incurring their ceremonial/social drawbacks for behavior and cooperation.     

企业的性质:管理学视角的研究

经济学关于企业性质的研究侧重于企业为什么存在的问题。然而,管理学更为关注的问题包括两方面:第一,企业为什么能够持续存在-由此形成了两种典型的观点:一是价值活动观;二是核心能力观。第二,企业为什么必须存在-现有理论观点主要包括:企业是价值创造的有机系统;企业是经济发展的基本单元;企业是社会运行的重要机构。     

偏好、禀赋、技术与企业产权制度的演进

通过对要素所有者的最大化行为的分析发现,企业产权分配依赖于要素的投入系数和产出系数,企业所依存的偏好、禀赋和技术条件正是通过对这两个参数的影响而主导着企业产权制度的发展.从历史过程和这三个条件的发展趋势来看,企业产权制度演进的趋势必然是以人力资本为主导的联合产权制度.     

宗教信仰、政治身份与企业投资偏好

文章运用企业家宗教信仰的直接调查数据,考察了企业家的个人宗教信仰对企业投资活动的影响。研究发现,相对于研发型投资,有宗教信仰的企业家偏好于风险相对较小的关系型投资;不同类型的宗教信仰对企业投资偏好具有不同的影响,笃信东方宗教的企业家相对于笃信西方宗教的企业家更加偏好于关系型投资;企业家的宗教信仰对投资偏好的影响因企业家是否具有政治身份而有所不同,相对于有政治身份的企业家,没有政治身份的企业家的宗教信仰会更加显著地正向影响关系型投资,表明政治身份可能会弱化宗教信仰在关系型投资中的作用。     

企业家沟通成本对企业演化的影响

本文以现代奥地利经济学为基础,关注企业沟通成本与企业演化的关系.文章认为沟通成本由企业家精神所依赖的意会性知识以及企业家与要素所有者的主观素质差异所决定,沟通成本的大小是决定新企业成功创建和企业初始资本结构的一个关键因素.文章最后还分析了沟通成本对新企业组织形式、创新以及纵向一体化的影响.     

The Internal Organization of the Firm, Transaction Costs, and Macroeconomic Growth

This articleanalyzes the links between the internal organization of the firmand macroeconomic growth. We present a Schumpeterian growth modelin which firms face agency costs due to the existence of asymmetriesof information and the formation of vertical collusions insidethose firms. To respond to the threat of collusion, optimal collusion-proofincentive contracts depend on the efficiency of collusive sidecontracting within organizations. Collusion affects thereforethe firms' profitability, the incentives to innovate, and, finally,the stationary equilibrium growth rate of the economy. On theother hand, when the growth rate is small, the prospects of long-termrelationships within firms increase the agents' incentives toinvest in a better collusive technology. We then discuss thetwo-way relationships between the structure of internal transactioncosts, organizational technologies, and macroeconomic growth.     

Routines, genes and program-based behavior

It is argued that the ‘routines as genes’ and the ‘routines as skills’ analogies are misleading in several respects. Neither genes, nor skills, nor routines program behavior, if this is taken to involve, first, that they do so in a way that excludes conscious, deliberate choice and, second, that they determine behavior. On a proper understanding of ‘gene’, ‘skill’ and ‘routine’, conscious, deliberate choice is not ruled out when genes, skills or routines are operating. Once we shift from analogy to ontology, genes and skills appear as basic constituents of routines. Routines cannot exist unless specific genes and skills are in place in the individuals involved in the operation of the routines. Both genes and skills can be said to act unconsciously as ‘If ..., then ...’ programs. Even complete knowledge of genes and skills of the individuals involved would fall far short of predicting individual and firm behavior, however. What would still be missing, it is argued, is knowledge about organization, the specific ways in which genes, skills and individuals are connected with one another, and knowledge of context-dependence, what environmental stimuli activate specific chains of genes, skills and individuals.

企业生产率、国外市场知识与企业出口额

本文运用企业异质性贸易理论,利用分行业上市企业的面板数据,将企业规模作为控制变量,研究了企业生产率、国外市场知识与中国企业出口额的关系。结果显示:企业生产率和国外市场知识对企业出口额的影响显著为正,影响效果存在行业差异;作为控制变量的企业规模,对企业出口额的影响存在不确定性,或正向相关或负向相关或呈U形关系。     

企业特征、高管薪酬结构与企业绩效

利用2005—2010年我国沪深两市A股非金融保险行业1654家上市公司的高管年度薪酬数据,结合企业特征,对不同类型企业的高管薪酬结构与企业绩效的关系进行了实证研究,细化锦标赛理论和行为理论在不同类型企业中可能形成的差异化实施效应。结果显示:我国不同类型的企业都比较适宜采用锦标赛理论制定高管薪酬激励政策,竞争性的高管薪酬结构对于提升企业绩效具有正面作用,均等化高管薪酬结构不利于企业的价值创造;相对于民营企业、小规模企业、低成长企业而言,我国国有企业、大规模企业、高成长企业更宜采用锦标赛理论设计企业高管薪酬结构。因此我国不宜对非金融保险行业国有企业的高管薪酬进行过度均等化的管制,否则会负面影响企业绩效提升和企业价值创造。     

国外企业本质理论的演进与评述

本文在回顾企业理论演进史的基础上．比较与评述了各流派企业本质理论的主要观点。本文认为,各流派对企业本质的认识,从分析与讨论的焦点来看,集中体现为生产、交易与契约3个概念;而从认识与方法论来看．主要包括分工、交易成本与熊彼特传统3个角度。因此,对企业本质的认识还远未结束。