实验教学法在“经济博弈论”中的应用研究

探讨了＂经济博弈论＂中实验教学的总体思路与教学体系,分析了实验设计、实验实施过程、实验结果讨论等三个基本环节需要注意的问题,对＂经济博弈论＂中实验教学法的基本内容进行了说明,阐明了实验教学法在＂经济博弈论＂教学中的优越性。     

Doing Away with the Sovereign: Neoliberalism and the Promotion of Market Discipline in European Economic Governance

ABSTRACT

This article proposes a critical reading of market discipline and its limitations as a mechanism in European economic governance. Consistent with neoliberal beliefs about market-based governance, the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is premised on the functioning of the government bond market as a fiscal-policy discipliner. However, the operation of market discipline requires that neither governments nor their private creditors can rely on an authority to bail them out. It, therefore, precludes the kinds of intervention by Eurozone’s supranational institutions witnessed during the euro crisis. In the post-crisis context, efforts to strengthen market discipline continue to be frustrated by the growing reliance of financial institutions on government bond markets as well as the European Central Bank’s (ECB) active participation in those markets. Having undermined the credibility of the market as an autonomous and apolitical mechanism of discipline, European economic governance struggles to come to terms with the rise of a supranational ‘economic sovereign’ in the Eurozone.     

On the optimality of unequal class sizes

The Glass and Smith (Education and Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 1979, 1, 2–16) meta-analysis of class size studies is shown to have employed an inappropriate functional form, negating Lippman's (Economics Letters, 1990, 33, 193–196) result concerning the optimality of equal class sizes. Policy implications for department chairs are noted.     

Enhancing the teaching of introductory economics with a team-based,multi-section competition

The authors describe a unique approach to enhancing student learning at the introductory economics level that utilizes a multi-section, team-based competition. The competition is structured to supplement learning throughout the entire introductory course. Student teams are presented with current economic issues, trends, or events, and use economic tools and theories to comprehensively examine the topics. Students present their analyses in their own sections with one team from each section moving on to compete in an inter-section round. Students are judged on technicality, creativity, and applicability of economic concepts. The competition has the potential to advance students' creativity, collaboration, communication, and critical and analytical thinking skills, while enhancing their ability to apply foundational economic concepts to real-world settings.     

中国教育发展、实际投资与实际收入的动态关系

本文在对中国教育发展和实际投资、实际收入的结构分析的基础上,运用中国1952-2004年的实际数据,首次运用协整和误差修正模型对中国人力资本的存量、实际收入和实际投资三变量之间的动态关系进行实证研究.结果显示:中国人力资本对实际收入和实际投资具有显著的正面效应,人力资本、实际收入与实际投资之间存在长期关系;基础教育是实际投资和收入的格兰杰原因;教育相对于实际投资而言在解释实际收入时占据更为重要的地位.     

培育经济发展新动能的技术、产业、政策机理研究

伴随着国际、国内经济形势发生深刻变化,我国经济过去主要依靠投资、劳动力、自然资源投入的粗放型发展模式已经难以为继,急需培育促进经济实现高质量发展的新动能。现有成果主要围绕技术基础、产业载体及政策制度等培育经济发展新动能的丰富内涵和多样化模式展开,针对内在机理的探讨较少。从新兴技术对产业结构优化起基础支撑作用、新兴产业载体释放经济新动能、市场与政府相结合的政策制度助力经济高质量发展三大维度论述基本原理,系统梳理新兴技术聚合迸发新动能、传统产业升级培育新动能以及政策制度创新生成新动能3种主要模式。最后,提出以推动技术引领发展、促进产业调整升级和出台政策“靶向支撑”为核心的“创新链-产业链-政策链”对策建议。     

Why can an environmental policy tax promote growth through the channel of education?

This paper examines the implications of an environmental policy for growth performances. We develop a model where growth is driven by human capital accumulation. Firms invest in research to develop new technologies to reduce their pollution emissions and education is treated as product which not only enhances the productivity of individuals but also enters in their preferences. We find that a tighter environmental policy can promote growth. The reason is that a higher tax on pollution drives the prices of goods whose production is polluting up. This, in turn, enhances the willingness of individuals to acquire education.     

河南省高等教育与中原经济区发展关系研究

中原经济区建设已上升为国家战略,作为支撑区域经济发展的高等教育,必须跟上区域发展的步伐。采用定性研究法和调查研究法,分析、比较具有代表性的相关经济区主体省份的高等教育发展现状与区域经济发展的协调性,找出目前河南省高等教育在适应中原经济区建设中存在的问题,并提出建议。     

Revisiting the process of aggregate growth recovery after a capital destruction

We study the implications of a growth model including social capital and habit formation concerning the recovery of economies that suffer from an exogenous destruction in their capital stock. Habits exhibit very low persistence and depend only on last period’s consumption as suggested by empirical evidence. In addition to physical capital, agents invest in social capital which generates both market (production) and non-market (utility) returns. We study an infinite horizon model and compare its implications to a model with habit formation but without social capital. Our framework is more efficient in generating dynamic patterns that replicate the behavior of the main economic variables during the reconstruction period. High investment in social capital at the beginning of the transition is a key element of our results.     

科技人才流动与经济高质量发展互动关系研究

通过对科技人才流动及经济高质量发展内涵的梳理和分析,构建两者互动关系。选取长江经济带11个省市1998-2015年的面板数据,建立二阶滞后PVAR模型,对经济高质量发展与科技人才流动关系进行实证分析。结果表明：经济高质量发展与科技人才流动存在非对称互动关系,即经济高质量发展会显著促进科技人才流动,而无效的科技人才流动则会影响地区经济发展水平。基于此,针对如何促进科技人才流动、实现科技资源有效配置提出相关建议。     

Improving competitiveness in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union: a blueprint for the next decade

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) has made incredible strides in becoming an integrated body over the past 10 years, and is becoming part of a broader global process of economic regionalism that is shaping economic competitiveness. This paper applies a SWOT analysis to current and projected EAEU member states, and identifies where the difficulties and opportunities for the EAEU’s member countries will be in improving competitiveness in the coming years. The key conclusions are that the EAEU’s own institutional arrangements may foster competitiveness if it is able to remove some of the barriers to innovation that currently exist in the bloc’s member states.     

Appraisal of the vegetation-based services for cropland ecosystems： a case study of a high-yielding county in North China

1. Introduction Ecosystem services are explicitly defined as “the natural environmental conditions and effects upon which people rely for existence that are formed and maintained by ecosystems and ecological processes” [1] . The valuation of ecosystem goods and services has become an important issue in the field of envi- ronmental protection and sustainable development, which also represents one aspect of the United Na- tions Millennium Assessment. At present, the re- search associated wit…     

Understanding the demand-side of economic change: a contribution to formal evolutionary theorizing

An outstanding fact of capitalist change in the last few centuries is the ongoing emergence of new consumption alternatives which accompany income and productivity growth in expanding economies. Far from satiating consumers, exponential economic growth seems to stimulate human desires by providing novelty and variety embodied in a persuasive flow of unsettling goods. Although this is a well-known fact characteristic of capitalist change, little attention has been paid by modern growth theorists to the understanding of demand-side phenomena related to the increasing significance of consumption activities in our societies. Against this background, in this article, we show that as soon as we start drawing the demand-side contour of economic change, new phenomena appear which enrich our understanding of economic growth and structural change. By using ‘replicator dynamics’ systems, consumption dynamics are formally linked to the ongoing generation of innovations in capitalist economies. Certain emergent properties concerning economic growth and structural change and several policy implications follow.     

US monetary policy shocks and the Chinese economy: a GVAR approach

Using a global vector auto regressive (GVAR) methodology, this article examines the impact of US monetary policy shocks on China’s major macroeconomic indicators. Our analysis reveals that a positive shock to the US money supply growth rate initially increases China’s inflation rate but after some time this effect completely disappears. This shock also raises China’s short-term interest rate and the Chinese currency appreciates against the US dollar. A positive shock to the US short-term interest rate increases China’s short-term interest rate but the real output growth and inflation rates decline and the Chinese currency appreciates.     

On the validity and identification of long-run restrictions for a cointegrated system

The identification approach suggested in Blanchard and Quah [1989 The dynamic effects of aggregate supply and demand disturbances. Am. Econ. Rev. 79:655–673] and King et al. [1991 Stochastic trends and economic flucuations. Am. Econ. Rev. 81:819–840] makes use of the long-run properties of structural disturbances. This paper provides economic underpinning for the use of long-run identifying restrictions by showing formally its validity for the class of exogenous growth models under certain conditions. This paper also obtains the minimum number of restrictions, in addition to the long-run restrictions, required for the identification of structural disturbances in a co-integrated system.     

实现经济周期波动在适度高位的平滑化

本文主要探讨未来5—8年的中期内,中国经济周期波动有可能出现的两个新特点:一是在波动的位势上,有可能实现持续多年的适度高位运行,潜在经济增长率将在9%左右;二是在波动的幅度上,有可能实现进一步的平滑化,使经济波动保持在8%—10%的适度增长区间内。这两个特点之所以说是“有可能”,一方面因为其中包含着一定的客观因素,另一方面因为未来还面临着许多新挑战。本文从中国国情出发,根据马克思的有关论述,并综合借鉴熊彼特周期理论和现代经济周期理论的有关分析思路,着重阐明中国本轮经济周期冲击因素的特点(类型特点、形成特点和作用特点),将经济的长期增长趋势与短期周期波动统一起来进行分析。这一分析的政策含义是,需要不断加强和改善宏观调控,努力实现经济周期波动在适度高位的平滑化。     

Preliminary results from a five-sector flow of funds model of the United Kingdom, 1972–77

This paper provides a preliminary report on a five sector twelve asset flow of funds model estimated on monthly data for the period 1972–77. The model follows the general equilibrium approach in including a complete set of asset demands and supplies. It distinguishes between long-run and short-run demands and in some cases between short-run national and effective demands. It allows for variable adjustment speeds and, apart from the five forcing variables which are the sector's net surpluses, it does not contain any shift variables to serve as proxies for private or public behaviour. This report outlines the structure of the model and summarizes the initial parameter estimates. Some simulations are reported for comparison with related models.     

Even the bad times are good: a behavioural theory of transformation pressure

A theory of transformation pressure was developed in Swedenin the 1990s which suggested that structural changes, rationalisationsand innovations are stimulated by profit crises, arising, forexample, from negative demand shocks and restrictive economicpolicies. Firms will then either become more creative or abandonan overconfident, risk-prone and irrational status quo strategy.A qualified theory states that productivity will increase asexternal pressures become stronger but only up to a certainpoint. A competing qualified theory maintains that productivityis maximised if periods of hard pressure are succeeded by periodsof financial and technical consolidation, scale advantages andweaker demands for defensive actions to raise productivity.     

Rigid wage-setting and the effect of a supply shock,fiscal and monetary policies on Chinese economy by a CGE analysis

The purpose of this paper is to present a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Chinese economy which includes rigid wage-setting and integration of real and financial sectors, and to apply it to a quantitative evaluation of the oil price changes and the fiscal and monetary policies. The policy simulation shows whether the wage rate is flexible or rigid is crucial for the evaluation of various policy measures. Furthermore, the fields of application of the model are extended from the industry-related problems to the macroscopic ones such as inflation, stabilization policies and so on.     

A quantitative reassessment of the finance–growth nexus: evidence from a multivariate VAR

The long-run relationship between financial development and economic growth is examined in a multivariate vector autoregression (VAR) framework using 10 sample countries. Difficulties surrounding the cross-country regressions and bivariate time series studies are outlined. The long-run financial development and output relationships are identified in a cointegrating framework through tests of over-identifying restrictions. We find bi-directional causality between financial development and economic growth in all the sample countries, conclusions that stand distinct from those in the existing empirical literature. We attribute our findings to: (i) analysis of a higher dimensional system, (ii) a new method of identifying the long-run economic relationships, and (iii) a new approach to long-run causality testing.