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1.
This paper puts together the non-distortionary liquidity effect of unemployment insurance and job match quality. We identify
a big impact on subsidized unemployment duration and a small impact on wages on the job that follows the unemployment spell.
Wage gains are heterogeneous and concentrated on individuals at the bottom of the pre-unemployment income distribution. The
non-distortionary nature of the liquidity effect reduces the pressure on low-income workers to accept lower productivity jobs.
相似文献
álvaro A. Novo (Corresponding author)Email: |
2.
Does population density matter in the process of matching heterogeneous job seekers and vacancies? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper studies the matching of job seekers and vacant jobs using data on local labour markets. We estimate differences
in the ability of the local markets to form new matches and trace whether these differences can be explained by the differing
population densities across markets or by the heterogeneity of job seekers measured by the distribution of their education
level. We find that high-density areas are more efficient in forming matches than other areas despite frictions caused by
the wider heterogeneity of job seekers in those areas than elsewhere.
相似文献
Jukka LahtonenEmail: |
3.
Evaluation of the Effects of Education on Job Satisfaction: Independent Single-Equation vs. Structural Equation Models 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eugenia Fabra Florit Luis E. Vila Lladosa 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(2):157-170
Independent single-equation models and structural equation models are used to analyze both direct and indirect impacts of
education length, and of the match between education and employment, on job satisfaction after controlling for individual-specific
and job-specific attributes, including health status and wages. The main results show that: (1) education/job mismatches,
both in level and domain, reduce utility from work irrespective of schooling years and other individual/job characteristics;
(2) the effects of education on job satisfaction are mainly indirect effects transmitted though the influence of schooling
on workers’ health status, wages and other observable job characteristics; and (3) neglecting the structure of covariance
among the determinants of job satisfaction results in upward bias in the estimation of the direct effect of schooling length,
and in downward bias in the estimates for the effects of other personal circumstances.
相似文献
Luis E. Vila LladosaEmail: |
4.
Steve Fleetwood 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2007,20(4):247-267
Theory and policy relating to labor markets is dominated by the mainstream labor market model, although a less well-known,
socioeconomic version can also be identified. The mainstream model is methodologically flawed and forced, thereby, to relegate
any (serious) investigation of labor market institutions and/or social structures to the margins of its analysis. The socioeconomic
account is not so much methodologically flawed, as methodologically ambivalent. While this ambivalence does not actually prevent
the investigation of institutions and/or social structures, it does promote ambiguity whenever we inquire into the precise nature of the interaction between them and labor markets. Insights from Austrian economics, when used in collaboration with critical
realist methodology, can play a part in augmenting the socioeconomic account, generating a totally new approach to the analysis
of labor markets.
相似文献
Steve FleetwoodEmail: |
5.
Kersten Kellermann 《Empirica》2008,35(2):129-143
The paper contributes to the discussion of fiscal competition with infrastructure goods. We explicitly focus on the costs
of providing public infrastructure capital that appear in the public budget as investment. Thus we analyse the problem in
a dynamic framework. Public infrastructure is considered as a marginal product complement to private capital. A central result
of the model is that the fact that public capital is a complement to private capital, so that an increase in the supply of
public capital ceteris paribus improves the marginal productivity of private capital, cannot be used as an argument to support a source tax. The so-called
indirect productivity effect on private capital induced by public inputs does not justify the taxation of mobile capital.
Rather, the efficiency of a source tax on mobile capital income depends on the question of whether or not the public input
generates a factor rent to private capital.
相似文献
Kersten KellermannEmail: |
6.
Wolfgang Lechthaler 《Empirica》2009,36(3):331-350
By allowing firms to invest in their workers’ human capital, this paper extends the traditional analysis of firing costs with
respect to two points, both of them positive in terms of welfare. On the one hand, firing restrictions reduce turnover, thereby
enhancing incentives to provide training. On the other hand, training gives firms the opportunity to lower the costs of firing
restrictions since well-trained workers are less likely to be fired. In this way the negative effects of firing costs on firm
profitability and workers’ job-finding rates are reduced.
相似文献
Wolfgang LechthalerEmail: |
7.
Re-employment probabilities over the business cycle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using a Cox proportional hazard model that allows for a flexible time dependence in order to incorporate business cycle effects, we analyze the determinants of re-employment probabilities of young workers in the USA from 1978–1989. We find considerable changes in the chances of young workers finding jobs over the business cycle despite the fact that personal characteristics of those starting jobless spells do not vary much over time. Therefore, government programs that target specific demographic groups may change individuals’ positions within the queue of job seekers, but may only have a more limited impact on average re-employment probabilities. Living in an area with high local unemployment reduces re-employment chances as does being in a long spell of non-employment. However, the damage associated with being in a long spell seems to be reduced somewhat if a worker is unemployed in an area with high overall unemployment.
相似文献
Lisa M. Lynch (Corresponding author)Email: |
8.
We test the hypothesis that the sector bias of skill biased technical change is important in explaining the rising relative
wage of skilled workers in the manufacturing sector in three Central and Eastern European transition countries. The econometric
results broadly confirm that the concentration of skill biased technical change in the skill intensive sectors had a significant
effect on the skill premium in these transition countries.
相似文献
Robert Stehrer (Corresponding author)Email: |
9.
This study examines the impact of a stamp tax rate increase on market behavior, using data from two stock exchanges in China. We find that when the tax rate increases from 0.3 to 0.5% (which implies that the transaction cost increases by about 1/3) trading volume decreases by 1/3. This implies an elasticity of turnover with respect to a stamp tax of −50% and an elasticity of turnover with respect to transaction cost of −100%. The markets’ volatility significantly increases after the increase in the tax rate. Furthermore, the change in the volatility structure indicates that the markets become less efficient in the sense that shocks are less quickly assimilated in the markets.
相似文献
Badi H. Baltagi (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dong LiEmail: |
Qi LiEmail: |
10.
While entrepreneurs benefit from unrestricted free entry into markets, they have a time-inconsistent incentive to lobby for
government entry restrictions once they become successful. Bad political institutions yield to these demands, and growing
barriers are placed on domestic and international competition. Good institutions do not, and this effort is instead channeled
toward further wealth creation. We find that productive entrepreneurship depends on both the freedom to succeed and discipline
of failure that free markets provide. Trade barriers result in fewer combinations of goods and inputs attempted, and less
productive entrepreneurial resource use. We also provide evidence on the value of business failure.
相似文献
Russell S. SobelEmail: |
11.
This paper describes and analyses changes at the concentration level of the audit services markets in 15-EU member-countries.
The sample consists of 2,862 clients of auditing firms for the period 1998 to 2004. The findings of the research show that
concentration in the aggregate sample increased over time. Concentration in the audit markets of the EU-15 member-countries
exhibits substantial variation across countries while average concentration, before and after Arthur Andersen’s dissolution,
has increased in 12 and declined in three countries. Results segmented by economic sectors indicate that the concentration
increased in all sectors except Energy, which is the sector with the highest concentration. Overall, the empirical results
suggest that there are complexities in our understanding of auditing services markets for competition purposes.
相似文献
Irene Fafaliou (Corresponding author)Email: |
12.
Debra K. Israel 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(2):171-182
Using data from the 2001 Giving and Volunteering in the United States survey, I examine household charitable donations to environmental organizations. Household income has a positive impact on
environmental giving. While the tax price affects overall charitable contributions, it does not affect environmental giving.
More education, being female, homeownership, and voting are also associated with a greater likelihood of contributing to the
environment. African-Americans and Latinos are less likely to contribute to the environment, although conditional on giving,
Latinos give more. Retired persons and households with children are less likely to contribute to the environment. Larger households
give less to the environment. Households from the Northeast are the most likely to make environmental contributions while
households from the South are the least likely.
相似文献
Debra K. IsraelEmail: |
13.
This paper sets up an efficiency wage model which combines goal-attainment theory and the expectancy-valence approach. Taking
account of the psychological work motivation, we find that the aspiration for goal attainment may be a substitute for unemployment
as an instigator of work motivation in full employment. In addition, since raising the firm’s goal has a diverse impact on
the high and low need-for-achievement workers, a higher goal-setting does not appear capable of increasing worker effort within
firms. This finding reconciles the conflicting experimental results in industrial psychology literature.
相似文献
Chia-Ying LiuEmail: |
14.
Ramya M. Vijaya 《Forum for Social Economics》2007,36(2):73-85
This paper presents a gender perspective of the Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program. The TAA is the primary US policy
to assist the transition of workers displaced due to trade related economic restructuring. In comparison to the relatively
substantial research on gendering trade policies in developing economies there is very limited focus on gendering policy responses
to trade in the US. We argue that there is a specific gender trend in the trade-displacement patterns in the US which calls
for a gender sensitive policy response. We examine the TAA in light of this trend and offer some suggestions for a gendered
approach to providing assistance to workers negotiating an increasingly flexible global labor market.
相似文献
Ramya M. VijayaEmail: |
15.
The paper constructs an asymmetric information model to investigate the efficiency and equity cases for government mandated benefits. A mandate can improve workers’ insurance, and may also redistribute in favour of more ‘deserving’ workers. The risk is that it may also reduce output. The more diverse are free market contracts—separating the various worker types—the more likely it is that such output effects will on balance serve to reduce welfare. It is shown that adverse effects can be reduced by restricting mandates to larger firms. An alternative to a mandate is direct government provision. We demonstrate that direct government provision has the advantage over mandates of preserving separations.
相似文献
John T. AddisonEmail: Phone: +1-803-7774608Fax: +1-803-7776876 |
16.
Toshihiro Uchida 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(1):47-64
There has been a growing interest among policy makers on the use of information disclosure policies for pollution control.
This paper theoretically assesses the consequences of information disclosure policies and identifies the conditions under
which such policies are likely to bring environmental improvements. Based on a dynamic game framework, the paper shows that
both eco-labeling and more general full information disclosure policies may not always result in pollution reduction. Full
information disclosure policies are likely to be effective if the product is not heavily polluting and if the minimum quality
standard is set quite low. The paper also identifies the conditions under which all consumers are strictly better off with
information disclosure policies.
相似文献
Toshihiro UchidaEmail: |
17.
Sourushe Zandvakili 《Forum for Social Economics》2008,37(2):135-145
Assessment of inequality measurement is the focus for this survey. All measures of inequality must be evaluated based on a
set of desirable properties. More importantly, the usefulness of statistical inference for measures of inequality needs examination.
相似文献
Sourushe ZandvakiliEmail: |
18.
The primary focus of this work is on the nature of the privatization debate rather than on an attempt to explore the truth
or validity of each of the many claims and counterclaims that have been made for the practice of privatization. The main objective
is to discover why the issues remain controversial and whether there are prospects for reconciliation. The results obtained
from the evidence examined suggest there is no well-formed theory of privatization, and no well-formed opposing theory. In
the absence of a convincing theory, the authors conclude they expect the debate to continue on the lines of competition, free
markets and choice versus complaints about unfulfilled promises and unexpected costs, corruption scandals and disadvantages
to the poor, and suggest possible ways forward.
相似文献
John DonaldsonEmail: |
19.
David N. Margolis 《Portuguese Economic Journal》2006,5(2):167-194
This paper considers the role of mergers and acquisitions on employment. First, it considers the importance of different aspects of compensation policy and human resource management practices for distinguishing acquired and acquiring firms. Second, it examines which individuals from which firms remain with the newly created entity after the takeover. Using a unique employer–employee linked data set for France, we find that very few observable workforce or compensation characteristics distinguish acquired from acquiring firms ex-ante. Nevertheless, the human resources department seems to be quite active in the post-takeover period, with employees of the acquired firm having a lower probability of continued employment with the new entity in the short term after takeover than those of the acquiring firm and with the differences between the two types of firms disappearing after 3 years. The workers with characteristics that tend to be associated with the fastest subsequent job finding in the displaced worker literature are also those who tend to be overrepresented among the individuals who separate from their employer post-takeover. Finally, as both acquired and acquiring firms differ from firms not involved in takeover activity in a similar manner, employment authorities may be able to anticipate the regions in which takeovers are more likely to occur by looking at the financial accounts of firms with particular characteristics that have local establishments.
相似文献
David N. MargolisEmail: |
20.
We examine the division of labor within households and marital matching patterns in the USA using both the Current Population
Survey (CPS) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). We use Becker’s theory of marriage markets by estimating
household production functions and using the estimates to test for positive or negative assortive matching. We also construct
match matrices, which are used to judge how well our model fits Becker’s theory. We find positive assortative matching on
all traits in young marriages and couples without children, and negative assortment along some traits in marriages with children.
This suggests that children induce specialization whereas couples without children exploit household public goods.
相似文献
Paul SicilianEmail: |