基于碳交易及碳税条件下的低碳石油供应链运输网络优化研究

从石油供应链运输网络中油田、炼油厂、消费城市等供应链节点间的运输网络出发,文章构建了基于碳交易及碳税条件下的低碳石油供应链运输网络。然后,从碳交易及碳税两个角度将如何实现优化低碳石油供应链运输网络进行了分析并提出建议。     

政府碳减排政策方式选择的博弈研究

本文根据碳税和碳排放交易的政策属性,构建了在单一碳交易、单一碳税以及碳交易与碳税相结合的复合政策下政府与企业之间的三阶段博弈模型,并通过逆向求解,对这三种减排政策进行了比较分析。研究发现:政府制定的碳交易价格相对于碳税税率较高时,应选择实施碳交易减排机制;政府制定的碳税税率相对于碳交易价格较高时,应选择实施碳税减排政策,在这两种情况下社会福利水平较高,低碳商品的价格较高,市场份额较大,生产低碳商品制造商获得的利润较大,有助于低碳产品占领市场,从而减少碳排放,促进国家低碳经济的发展。     

低碳供应链运营决策演化博弈分析

基于演化博弈模型,通过数值仿真模拟现实情况发现：制造商给予适当的收益分红有助于零售商积极参与低碳供应链发展;制造商须完善再生资源回收渠道,以提高消费者绿色回收再生资源的积极性;政府的补贴政策、碳交易政策和碳税政策有一定的互补作用,政府可一定程度上通过提高碳税代替低碳补贴,减少财政支出。     

考虑消费者低碳偏好和碳税的供应链企业决策研究

本文将研究由单供应商与单制造商构成的单周期供应链。充分考虑消费者的低碳偏好,分别建立有无碳税政策影响的决策模型,提出各企业的定价和碳减排策略。通过分析模型,探究了低碳偏好系数、碳税税率对于制造商决策的影响。研究发现碳税和消费者低碳偏好的增加可以在一定程度上减少产品的单位碳排放量,利润却有不同幅度的下降。     

制造业产业集群低碳供应链管理的演化博弈分析

以低碳经济为背景,针对制造业产业集群在低碳供应链演进过程中出现的传统供应链管理策略与低碳供应链管理策略并存的问题,在一个三阶段Hotelling博弈模型的基础上,运用演化博弈论的方法分析两种策略的演化稳定问题。研究表明,在政府碳税政策和低碳驱动型消费者的制约下,双方都采取低碳供应链管理策略时的收益最大。据此,提出制造业产业集群供应链管理的低碳化对策。     

碳交易、碳税与复合排放权交易的探讨

在低碳经济成为推动世界经济发展新动力的今天,控制温室气体的排放成为各国经济的约束条件,通过对碳交易、碳税和复合排放权交易的优缺点比较,探讨适合我国国情的减排机制.     

企业低碳竞争力探析

随着全球气候变化的持续发展,以低污染、低能耗为特征的低碳经济受到世界的普遍关注。随着低碳经济的兴起,企业在激烈的市场竞争中面临着更加复杂的环境。碳交易、碳税、碳金融这些新事物的出现既给企业的发展提供了机遇,同时也带来了挑战。如何适应世界低碳经济发展的新趋势,找到提升低碳竞争力的途径,就成为关系企业长远发展的重要问题。     

低碳经济政策多层比较及其研究进展

根据理论分析的方法和比较的重点,低碳经济政策理论的发展可以从三个层次来进行比较,即高层次的经济学理论分析、宽层次的利弊综合比较分析和深层次的实践分析。而从低碳经济手段实践层面分析,分直接管制和间接经济手段。碳交易和碳税在理论渊源、适用环境、实施效果上存在较大差异,实施低碳政策的国家已经证明了这一点。中国在制定低碳经济政策时,需要统筹利弊,综合施策,充分借鉴国外经验,用高效的制度设计促进经济转型升级,实现绿色低碳发展。     

低碳经济背景下开征碳税的相关问题探讨

作为构建低碳经济、实现经济和环境可持续发展的必要手段之一,碳税政策越来越受到国际社会的重视.发达国家在开征碳税方面积累了一定的经验,我国开征碳税也已经提上日程.文章以低碳经济为背景,剖析碳税概念及国外实施碳税的具体情况和经验,利用SWOT分析模型探讨我国低碳经济背景下开征碳税的相关问题.     

走向“绿色低碳”新时代——福建省住宅产业商会在行动，会员在努力

“2010年房地产面临转型，打造海西绿色低碳示范工程，为即将到来的碳税和碳交易做好准备，是福建商会和福建房企要做的事情。”这是全国工商联房地产商会会长聂梅生在首届海西地产论坛暨房企CEO峰会上的讲话。     

城市化对碳排放量及强度的影响

基于1995-2009年中国各省的面板数据,利用STIRPAT模型建立了基本的分析框架。首先以全国各省整体为研究对象,研究了城市化对中国碳排放的整体作用方向,然后利用面板变系数模型和门槛面板模型分析了城市化对碳排放的影响的差异。结果表明:整体而言,中国的城市化对碳排放量和碳排放强度均具有正向的影响,且城市化对碳排放强度的影响比对碳排放量的影响大;就不同省份而言,城市化对碳排放的影响存在差异;人口规模、收入水平、产业结构以及城市化水平的变化,均会使城市化与碳排放的关系发生变化,且相对而言,人口规模和城市化水平对城市化与碳排放的关系影响更大。     

The optimal carbon tax mechanism for managing carbon emissions

Along Pigouvian lines, the carbon tax not only exceeds the carbon emission damage imposed on society, but ignores the potential cost from deliberate carbon abatement, which in turn challenges the stability and optimality of the Pigouvian solution. For correcting these distortions, this paper amends the standard Pigouvian version by using piecewise tax functions to approximate the social damage curve of carbon emissions. An optimal carbon tax mechanism is designed, where the tax is endogenously determined from social welfare maximization. With the help of a modification instrument, the carbon tax corrects emitters’ non-optimal individual decision and the social optimum is implemented efficiently. How to put the carbon tax into practice is examined under both the deterministic and stochastic modeling settings. In both cases, we demonstrate the structure and effectiveness of the carbon tax in detail. Moreover, a flexible adjustment tax scheme is proposed, which may produce the double-dividend effect that reduces carbon emissions and relieves financial burden of carbon abatement simultaneously. These may improve the application of market-based carbon-reducing tools in public management and pollution regulation.     

Business and the genesis of the European Community carbon tax proposal

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of business in the regulatory process associated with the carbon tax proposal. The first part of the paper describes the Community's climate change policy, noting first the essential features of Community environment policy-making, the role of consultation with industry and the significance of the ‘subsidiarity’ principle. This part of the paper moves on to examine the carbon tax proposal and its evolution since 1990. The second part of the paper addresses the specific role which business played in influencing the development of the carbon tax proposal. The general strategy of business was to block the proposal entirely. The paper identifies the potential impacts of the tax on business, implications for corporate strategies and the specific channels through which business influenced the tax proposal, by participating in public debates, through representations to different directorates of the European Commission or by making a case to national authorities. The final part of the paper attempts to draw some lessons about: the business position in relation to large scale environmental problems such as climate change; business responses to economic instruments such as the carbon/energy tax; and the wider relationship between public authorities and business in regulatory processes. The question of whether this relationship has entered a new phase or whether there is still ‘business as usual’ is addressed.     

流通业发展低碳经济的SWOT分析

用SWOT的分析方法,通过对流通业在发展低碳经济中的优势、劣势、机会、威胁的分析,提出应从政策、组织规划、管理、技术、文化建设等方面实施低碳流通的发展对策。     

碳纤维材料在加固工程中的应用

文章介绍了湖南长沙旺旺医院医疗大楼第一期新建工程中,第15层部分梁板由于使用功能的改变,采用粘贴碳纤维布对其进行补强加固的应用情况。     

The effect of the Kyoto Protocol on carbon dioxide emissions

In this paper, we investigate the impact of the Kyoto Protocol on world emissions of a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. We use a large unbalanced panel data consisting of 177 countries from 1980 to 2006. The key finding of this paper is that there are structural breaks in the data that demonstrate the effects of the international agreement. While carbon dioxide emissions declined for industrialized (Annex B) countries since the signing of the international agreement, the effect of income per capita is much larger during these years. However in the same period, the effect of industrial production has declined not just for industrialized countries but for developing countries as well. The results are robust to the exclusion of the US and Australia as Annex B countries since they had not ratified the protocol by 2006.     

Estimating the effect of a gasoline tax on carbon emissions

Recently the proposal has been made to raise gasoline taxes in the United States to curb carbon emissions. The existing literature on the sensitivity of gasoline consumption to changes in price may not be appropriate for evaluating the effectiveness of such a tax. First, most of these studies fail to address the endogeneity of gasoline prices. Second, the responsiveness of gasoline consumption to a change in tax may differ from the responsiveness of consumption to an average change in price. We address these challenges using a variety of methods including traditional single‐equation regression models, estimated by least squares or instrumental variables methods, and structural vector autoregressions. Our preferred approach exploits the historical variation in US federal and state gasoline taxes. Our most credible estimates imply that a 10‐cent per gallon increase in the gasoline tax would reduce carbon emissions from vehicles in the United States by about 1.5%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

丹麦的低碳酒店

来丹麦旅游,在哥本哈根一下飞机,接我的朋友就说要请我吃一顿丹麦大餐.但在酒店住下后,朋友却把我带到了酒店内的健身房,说:"你想吃什么就完全靠自己了."我不理解,吃什么和健身房有什么关系? 这时,朋友指着墙上的介绍说:"自己看吧."认真读完后,我明白了.原来,为了倡导低碳理念,该酒店推出一项"踏单车供电送餐券计划",即只要入住的客人不停地蹬踏酒店特别设置的健身单车,生产出10瓦时的电量,就可以得到一张免费的午餐券,而且是多劳多得.这种事我可是第一次遇到,欣喜之余也不顾刚下飞机的疲倦,为了那诱人的烤牡蛎、熏鱼、苹果猪肉卷等丹麦名吃,我就痛快地玩了一把.     

Arcs of carbon awareness in the value chain and their antecedents

This study examines the patterns and antecedents of firms' value chain greenhouse gas emissions (VCGGE) awareness. Drawing on a sample of 1,322 firms from multiple countries and industries, we use cluster analysis to first evaluate how well firms' VCGGE awareness patterns match traditional value chain integration patterns, identified by prior literature. We then examine how well internal indicators of greenhouse gas emissions (GGE) management predict advanced VCGGE awareness. Our study indicates that VCGGE patterns partially match traditional value chain integration patterns and that firms' VCGGE awareness is much higher for their upstream than downstream activities. Moreover, our findings show that the internal adoption of GGE management is a significant predictor of advanced awareness of VCGGE. Overall, we find that most firms have limited awareness about the magnitude of their VCGGE, suggesting that many opportunities to reduce these emissions, especially in the downstream value chain, remain unexplored.     

对于低碳背景下电力技术发展的思考

文章深入揭示了电力企业碳排放的相关特性和碳减排的潜力,并从宏观和微观两个角度对电力企业低碳经济发展趋势和发展特点进行了全面分析,对低碳背景下电力技术的发展进行了深入探讨,对我国实现低碳电力相关技术研究和发展过程中所面临的主要问题进行了阐述,并针对这些问题提出了一些切实有效的解决建议。