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1.
Exchange Rate Economics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John Williamson 《Open Economies Review》2009,20(1):123-146
The paper summarizes the current theory of how a floating exchange rate is determined, dividing the subject into what determines
the steady state and what determines the transition to steady state. The inadequacies of this model are examined, and an alternative
“behavioral” model, which recognizes that the foreign exchange market is populated by both fundamentalists and chartists is
presented. It is argued that the main importance of understanding the foreign exchange market for development strategy is
to permit a correct appraisal of the dangers of Dutch disease. Empirically it seems that from the standpoint of promoting
development it is preferable to have a mildly undervalued rate. The paper concludes by examining implications for exchange
rate regimes.
相似文献
John WilliamsonEmail: |
2.
Amit K. Bhandari 《Global Economic Review》2013,42(3):261-290
Abstract This study provides an empirical investigation of the adjustment process of labour in Indian manufacturing industries, which evolved through structural transformation in the era of globalization. The analysis is based on a dynamic model applied to a panel of 22 two-digit manufacturing industries for the time period of 22 years covering 1980/1981 to 2001/2002. It is assumed that as competition increases industries adjust their employment to a desired level which is both industry and time specific. The results indicate that the manufacturing sector has shown a considerable dynamism in adjusting its workforce. The long-run labour demand responds greatest to the output, followed by capital and least by wages. It is observed that Indian manufacturing is not inefficient in labour use as modest speed of adjustment has led employment size closer to the optimal level. 相似文献
3.
Olli Castrén 《Review of World Economics》2006,142(1):165-180
This paper assesses the contemporaneous indicator properties of financial market variables relative to movements in six major
developed country currency pairs. As indicator variables changes in various relative asset prices, short-term portfolio flows
and currency options data are used. We find that changes in equity index differentials, short-term speculative flows and risk
reversals on currency options prices exhibit consistent indicator properties for several currency pairs. Since 1999, changes
in short-term interest rate differentials have gained importance as indicators. The best indicator variables explain over
50 per cent of monthly returns of the USD/EUR and GBP/USD exchange rates and over 60 per cent of the appreciation and depreciation
episodes of the USD/EUR and JPY/EUR currency pairs.
JEL no. F31, F32, G15, C35 相似文献
4.
In this paper we propose a generalisation of the noise trader transmission mechanism to examine the impact of central bank intervention on exchange rates. Within a heterogeneous expectation exchange rate model intervention operations are supposed to provide support for chartist or fundamentalist forecasts, which forces portfolio managers to adjust their foreign currency positions. The empirical examination of the hypothesis is done by applying a Markov regime-switching approach to daily DEM/US-dollar exchange rates and intervention data of the Deutsche Bundesbank and the Federal Reserve from 1979 to 1992. It is shown that chartists profits rose whenever these central banks intervened on the foreign exchange market. This is not true for those who follow a fundamentalist approach.JEL Classification Numbers: F31, C32, E58, G15 相似文献
5.
Mozambique Metical Exchange Rate Dynamics: Evidence of Fractional Co‐Integration in the USA and South African Rates 下载免费PDF全文
Carlos P. Barros Luis Alberiko Gil‐Alana João Faria 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2015,83(4):569-575
This paper studies the exchange rate dynamics of the Mozambique metical with respect to the US dollar and the South African rand. However, instead of using standard I(0)/I(1) techniques, we use long memory and fractionally integrated and co‐integrated models. Our results indicate that the two exchange rates are highly persistent, with orders of integration equal to or above 1. They also seem to be co‐integrated, with an order of integration close to albeit above 0 but with an AR coefficient very close to 1. Thus, although the two series seem to be fractionally co‐integrated, shocks in the long‐run relationship between the two variables are persistent and take a long time to disappear. 相似文献
6.
This paper empirically investigates the demand for international reserves (and foreign exchange reserves) during fixed and
floating exchange rates periods in three developing countries: Kenya, Mexico and Philippines. Based on theoretical models,
three factors are identified as important for the demand of international reserves and foreign reserves: average propensity
to import, volume of imports and variability of reserves. The paper employs the cointegration methodology and error correction
method to investigate the relationships. Cointegration tests results indicate a reliable long-run stationary relationship
between the international reserves (and foreign exchange reserves) and the stated explanatory variables across countries and
sub-periods of fixed and clean float. The error correction results indicate causality from the explanatory variables to the
reserves during both the short and long run. This is true during both the fixed and the floating periods.
相似文献
Mohammad Hasan (Corresponding author)Email: |
7.
Foreign Transfers and Real Exchange Rate Adjustments in a Financially Constrained Dependent Economy 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
This paper investigates the role of the real exchange rate in determining the effects of foreign transfers. If capital is
perfectly mobile between sectors, a pure transfer has no long-run impact on the real exchange rate. A decline in the traded
sector occurs because the transfer, being denominated in traded output, substitutes for exports in financing imports. While
a pure transfer causes short-run real exchange appreciation, this response is temporary and negligibly small. Transfers allocated
to productivity enhancement do generate permanent real exchange rate adjustments in response to the sectoral reallocation
of productive factors. The analysis, which employs extensive numerical simulations, emphasizes the tradeoffs between real
exchange adjustments, long-run capital accumulation, and economic welfare, associated with alternative forms of transfers.
相似文献
Stephen J. TurnovskyEmail: |
8.
Pitfalls in Measuring Exchange Rate Misalignment 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We evaluate whether the Renminbi (RMB) is misaligned, relying upon conventional statistical methods of inference. A framework
built around the relationship between relative price and relative output levels is used. We find that, once sampling uncertainty
and serial correlation are accounted for, there is little statistical evidence that the RMB is undervalued, even though the
usual regression point estimates indicate substantial misalignment. The result is robust to various choices of country samples
and sample periods, as well as to the inclusion of control variables. We then update the results using the latest vintage
of the data to demonstrate how fragile the results are. We find that whatever misalignment we detected in our previous work
disappears in this data set.
相似文献
Eiji FujiiEmail: |
9.
The paper examines the industry characteristics that are related to the shifts in competitiveness, measured as the relative
common-currency price ratios between Canadian and US manufacturing prices. We find that relative input costs and relative
productivity growth are the two most important factors influencing changes in relative Canada/US prices. Competitive pressures
emanating from trade are important determinants of the extent to which relative productivity differences are passed through
to cross-country relative prices. We also find that the magnitude of domestic market competition and export intensity affects
the short-run relative price shifts over the cycle of exchange rate.
JEL no. E30, F31, L60 相似文献
10.
Impact of Macroeconomic Announcements on Foreign Exchange Volatility: Evidence from South Africa 下载免费PDF全文
Tseke Maserumule Paul Alagidede 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2017,85(3):405-429
This study focuses on scheduled macroeconomic news announcements and evaluates their impact on the volatility of the South African rand (ZAR) and US dollar (USD) exchange rate using high frequency data. The following asymmetries are studied: news items by geographical location, no‐news vs. surprise news announcements and positive vs. negative news announcements. We make the following findings in our empirical study: (i) After the release of a news announcement, the level of foreign exchange volatility rises. This is independent of whether the news item surprised the market or not. (ii) Both South African and US news items significantly impact USD/ZAR volatility, suggesting that the news items are being used to formulate investor expectations regarding the future prospects of the currency pair. (iii) Negative news appears to have a greater impact on exchange rate volatility relative to positive news. This result is also state dependent, as investors tend to behave differently to news depending on the economic climate at that point in time. Investor cognitive biases give rise to the asymmetric news effects on exchange rate volatility. Finally, investors do not always act in rational manner, especially when faced with multiple news items that are contradictory to each other. 相似文献
11.
文章扩展了Yang(2007)的厂商定价模型,对汇率传递非对称性、特点和成立条件进行理论分析,发现对称传递需要满足严格的条件,而现实中更常见的是非对称汇率传递。在一定条件下,商品需求弹性越大,越可能呈现出口国货币贬值传递率高而升值传递率低的特点。利用2000年1月至2011年12月我国出口日本的966种商品价格数据,发现汇率波动向价格传递具有非对称性:(1)人民币升值时,日元价格上涨较少;而贬值时,价格下降较多。我国出口商品的需求弹性较大,在日本市场上面对的是一个强竞争结构。(2)若月度升值超过一定幅度(测算约为2.43%),传递率又会有所上升,说明尽管日元价格易跌难涨,但在升值导致成本上涨较多、明显挤压利润时,厂商不得不适当提高日元售价。采用2000年至2018年9月日本从中国进口单位价值指数进行稳健性检验,得出类似结论。现阶段稳定的人民币名义汇率对我国出口企业是更为有利的。 相似文献
12.
We examine developing countries which have institutional quality ratings for the effects of exchange rate rigidity on inflation.
The level of institutional development exerts no effect on the impact of currency regimes. However, the interaction of institutional
quality and exchange rates has, in the most plausible specifications, a negative impact on inflation. This suggests that fixed
exchange rates exert at most a contingent effect on inflation, and indicates that countries in Eastern Europe and Latin America contemplating currency pegs would be
better off improving institutional quality prior to adopting the euro or dollar and expecting a large subsequent disinflationary
effect.
JEL no. F31, O11 相似文献
13.
Structural models of exchange rate determination rarely forecast the exchange rate more accurately than a naive random walk model. Recent innovations in exchange rate modeling indicate that changes in the exchange rate may follow a self-exciting threshold autoregressive model (SETAR). We estimate a SETAR model for various monthly US dollar exchange rates and generate forecasts for the estimated models. We find: (1) nonlinearities in the data not uncovered by the standard nonlinearity tests and (2) that the SETAR model produces better forecasts than the naive random walk model. 相似文献
14.
15.
Recently, many empirical studies document that a country's stock market performance relative to the US and its local currency units per US dollar tend to move in opposite direction over the short run, also known as the uncovered equity parity (UEP) condition. However, those studies have applied only to advanced economies to date. This study conducted the same tests to a sample of 18 Asian economies. To one's surprise, we found that the UEP condition reverses its sign among Asian currencies. In addition, measures of stock market uncertainty are suggested as a potential driving force behind this UEP reversal for Asian economies. This surprising result suggests that there might be other mechanisms behind the joint dynamics of equity and currency returns than the portfolio rebalancing caused by incomplete foreign exchange risk hedging. The reasoning is that Asian foreign exchange (FX) markets are even more subject to incomplete foreign exchange risk hedging. Thus, one should expect even stronger UEP evidence from Asian currency markets if the portfolio rebalancing mechanism was the only force at play. 相似文献
16.
The Effect of Exchange Rate on Bilateral Trade Balance: New Evidence from Malaysia and Thailand 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ahmad Zubaidi Baharumshah 《Asian Economic Journal》2001,15(3):291-312
This paper attempts to identify the major economic factors that influence the bilateral trade balances of Malaysia and Thailand with the US and Japan. To this end, an unrestricted VAR model was estimated using quarterly frequency data from 1980: I to 1996: IV. The Johansen results indicate a stable long-run relation between trade and three macro variables: exchange rate, domestic income and foreign income. The main findings of this paper are: (i) the real effective exchange rate is an important variable in the trade balance equation and devaluation improves the trade balances of both economies in the long-run; (ii) the other important variables that determine trade balance include domestic and foreign incomes; (iii) the results indicate no J-curve effect and causal run from exchange rate to trade balance, (iv) the real effects of devaluation are distributed over a period of eight to nine quarters. 相似文献
17.
Ashima Goyal 《Global Economic Review》2013,42(2):153-175
Abstract The appropriate exchange rate regime, in the context of integration of currency markets with financial markets and of large international capital flows, continues to be a policy dilemma. It is found that the majority of countries are moving towards somewhat higher exchange and lower interest rate volatility. Features of foreign exchange (forex) markets could be partly motivating these choices. A model with noise trading, non-traded goods and price rigidities shows that bounds on the volatility of the exchange rate can lower noise trading in forex markets; decrease fundamental variance and improve real fundamentals in an emerging market economy (EME); and give more monetary policy autonomy. Central banks prefer secret interventions where they have an information advantage or fear destabilizing speculation. But in the model discussed in this article, short-term pre-announced interventions can control exchange rate volatility, pre-empt deviations in prices and real exchange rates, and allow markets to help central banks achieve their targets. The long-term crawl need not be announced. In conclusion, the regime's applicability to an EME is explored. 相似文献
18.
Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee Abera Gelan 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2020,88(2):186-203
Previous studies that assessed the effects of exchange rate changes on the trade balance of South Africa assumed that the effects are symmetric. In this paper we violate that assumption and assess the asymmetric effects of the real rand-dollar rate on the trade balance of 25 2-digit industries that trade between South Africa and the U.S. We find short-run asymmetric effects in a total of 19 industries but short-run cumulative or impact asymmetric effects only on five industries. Short-run asymmetric effects lasted into long-run asymmetric effects on 14 industries. Further analysis revealed industries that will benefit from rand depreciation and those that will be hurt from rand appreciation. 相似文献
19.
本文运用1978—2005年的数据,分别计算了人民币均衡汇率水平和汇率错位程度,并运用两步法和误差修正模型分析了人民币均衡汇率、汇率错位与出口之间的关系。 相似文献