宏观经济因素、企业家信心与公司融资选择

本文研究经济周期、信贷风险、信贷配给、股市表现和企业家信心对公司融资选择的影响,发现宏观经济上行时,公司的融资偏好为股权—债务,而宏观经济衰退时,公司的融资偏好则调整为债务一股权;信贷配给增加后,股权融资的概率上升;银行不良贷款不影响公司融资选择;企业家对经济前景越有信心,债务融资的可能性就越大。研究结果表明,我国上市公司不存在单一的股权融资偏好,而且公司融资决策基本符合最优融资顺序理论。     

Transfer problem dynamics: Macroeconomics of the Franco-Prussian war indemnity

We study the classic transfer problem using the largest historical example, the Franco-Prussian War indemnity of 1871-1873 which saw France transfer to Germany 25% of a year's GDP. A dynamic, two-country model allows for debt finance, supply-side effects, and controls for wartime spending. The model can fit the historical paths of French net exports and the terms of trade. But explaining French output and consumption requires additional shocks. These results illustrate the usefulness of the DSGE approach to the transfer problem and provide striking evidence of the importance of international capital markets in the 19th century.     

Price Linkages Between the US,Japan and UK Stock Markets

This study presents an empirical analysis of the short- and long-term relationships among stock prices in the US, Japan and the UK. We re-examine the evidence of market linkages and cointegration between S&P 500, Nikkei 225 and FTSE-100 stock indices. The results suggest that mature markets are cointegrated, indicating a stationary long-run relationship. Furthermore, Granger causality tests show a bi-directional causality between Nikkei 225–FTSE-100, and unidirectional causalities between S&P 500–FTSE-100 and S&P 500–Nikkei 225. These findings suggest that the potential for diversifying risk by investing in mature markets is limited.     

Price Linkages in Asian Equity Markets: Evidence Bordering the Asian Economic, Currency and Financial Crises

This paper examines price linkages among Asian equity markets in the period surrounding the recent Asian economic, financial and currency crises. Three developed markets (Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore) and six emerging markets (Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand) are included in the analysis. Multivariate cointegration and level VAR procedures are conducted to examine causal relationships among these markets. The results indicate that there is a stationary relationship and significant causal linkages between the Asian equity markets. Nevertheless, lower causal relationships that exist between the developed and emerging equity markets suggest that opportunities for international portfolio diversification in Asian equity markets still exist.     

Macroeconomics of bank interest spreads: evidence from Brazil

Bank interest spreads in Brazil are up to ten times larger than international benchmarks. This paper shows that such high spreads can be largely accounted for by a policy that requires banks to invest about half of their deposits in mandatory reserves and selected loans. Using a general equilibrium model, augmented with a banking sector and tailored to the Brazilian economy, the paper also shows that the policy has significant positive and normative implications. It accounts for about half of the spread in the model and a third of the actual spread, and generates welfare costs of almost 2% of current consumption.     

石油金融化与我国石油金融战略体系的构建

原油供求特点和世界石油供需空间分布不均衡决定了石油具有金融属性,石油市场与金融市场的联系空前紧密且高度一体化,国际石油市场日益金融化.在此背景下.我国石油安全的两个主要方面:供应安全和价格安全,在未来均面临着严峻挑战,石油安全本质上已经从"生产-供应"型的"供给安全"模式转变成"贸易-金融"型的"价格安全".为保证石油安全,必须加快建立石油金融战略体系.     

中国的通货膨胀:一个新开放宏观模型及其检验

本文基于新开放宏观经济学(NOEM)框架分析了中国的通货膨胀问题,探讨了导致通货膨胀的原因以及各原因之间的相互关系,并利用贝叶斯向量自回归模型(BVAR)进行了计量检验。发现新开放宏观模型对中国的通货膨胀有较好的解释力,货币供应量无论是在长期还是短期都是诱发通货膨胀的主要原因,而外部冲击向中国的传导路径是受阻碍的。     

宜昌:“退耕还林”报春

国家从2008年开始,对退耕还林地区实施巩固退耕还林成果专项规划建设项目,旨在使退耕还林户退得下、能致富、不反弹,更好地改善我国生态环境,统筹人与自然、经济与生态和谐发展。     

中国宏观经济形势展望

2009年年初以来,我国应对国际金融危机的各项政策开始发挥作用,信贷、货币投放、财政预算支出快速增长,固定资产投资和城乡消费品市场保持较快增长,工业生产速度趋于稳定,宏观经济快速下滑的势头有所遏制,经济出现了转暖迹象.     

The Linkages between Dividends and Earnings

The purpose of this paper is to empirically test the linkages between dividends and earnings. Using the Granger test of statistical causality, it is found that some firms use dividends for signaling, some follow a residual policy, and some firms simultaneously signal and follow a residual policy. Segmenting firms according to dividend policy, the results indicate that firms that follow a residual or signaling dividend policy tend to have a higher growth in asset turnover, but a lower growth in revenues. Signaling firms also tend to be smaller, have higher variability in revenues, and use less debt throught time.     

Dynamic Linkages Between the China and International Stock Markets

China has become recognized a fourth world economy and is playing a much more important role than ever before in the world economy. In this paper, we study the relationship between the China and the international main stock markets, including the stock markets in the U.S., the U.K., Japan and Hong Kong. Both long-term and short-term dynamic linkages between the China and the international main stock markets are explored by applying a Markov-Switching Vector Error Correction Model (MS-VECM), which takes into account the three regimes of depression, boom and speculation in the market. Our new findings with the data under study include: (i) There has been a significant trend of long-term co-movement between the China and the international stock markets since 1999. (ii) In short term, the stock market in China has been impacted directly or indirectly by the international main stock markets, which varies under different regimes. This impact is still weak in the depression regime, but strong in the boom regime, and, in particular, it has become very strong through the co-integration error correction in the regime of speculation. These findings are different from those documented in the literature and are potentially interesting for international investment and risk management.     

金融联结的理论机理与实践绩效:文献梳理的视角

信贷补贴模式和市场模式相继失败之后,作为新的农贷模式,金融联结逐渐从民间自发实践演变为许多发展中国家的国家战略。金融联结既利用农村信贷市场微观结构,又融合正规金融和乡村中介的比较优势。它盛行于发展中国家,大量存在于新兴市场和发达国家,于我国亦初现端倪。从文献梳理视角,本文分析评述金融联结的现实背景、理论机理及国内外实践。基于发展前景的乐观预期,依据一般原理,结合中国情景,本文提出实施金融联结的政策建议。     

我国宏观经济政策与经济波动的实证研究

本文根据Granger因果检验和联立方程模型，利用我国1985—2003年的年度统计数据，对我国宏观经济政策与经济波动之间的关系进行了实证分析。研究结果表明，消费政策、投资政策和外贸政策对经济波动影响的显著性水平要高于财政政策和货币政策对经济波动影响的显著性水平，影响我国经济波动的关键政策并不是财政政策和货币政策，而是消费政策、投资政策和外贸政策。     

Financial Crisis and Intertemporal Linkages Across the ASEAN-5 Stock Markets

The stock indices of five ASEAN countries, namely, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines have experienced a structural change after mid-1997 due to the Asian financial crisis, and another shift slightly more than a year later when the markets rebounded. Contemporaneous correlation in stock returns is the strongest and Indonesia leads the movements of the other indices during the crisis. The relative influence of foreign shocks is much more felt during the crisis, as seen in the stronger and longer horizon of responses of all the markets. The stock indices are cointegrated before, but not during the crisis. Price feedbacks between the larger markets of Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia that existed before the crisis disappear once the crisis is over. Short-run linkages of Malaysia with the other markets have weakened after the crisis. With an increase in the degree of exogeneity of its stock market, contemporaneous co-movements with the other markets have reduced and the causal relationships no longer exist.JEL Classification: G15, F30An earlier draft of this paper was presented at the 11th Annual Conference on Pacific Basin Finance, Economics & Accounting held in Taipei. This paper benefited from the discussions at the conference. We are grateful to two anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions which led to further improvement of the paper.     

汇率与股价收益的动态关联性研究——基于人民币NDF汇率与上证综合指数的实证分析

本文运用单位根检验、协整检验、格兰杰因果检验对2005年8月1日至2010年10月29日期间的人民币NDF汇率与我国股价收益的动态关系进行了实证分析,然后加入误差修正项建立EC-E-GARCH模型做进一步研究,结果两者间存在长期稳定的协整关系,并且互为因果关系,相互引领。人民币NDF汇率和上证综合指数对消息的反应各自存在不对称性,两者之间的信息传递和溢出不对称,存在不对称溢出效应。     

Assessing business risk: The case of Premier Punch, Inc

The recently issued Statement on Auditing Standards No. 109, Understanding the Entity and Its Environment and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement, emphasizes the need for auditors to understand the client’s business and environment, particularly the client’s business risk [American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) (2006a), understanding the entity and its environment and assessing the risks of material misstatement, Statement on Auditing Standards No. 109. New York, NY: AICPA]. However, the manner in which auditors obtain such an understanding, especially an auditor’s assessment of a client’s business risk, is often challenging for students because they lack the business experience necessary to perform such an assessment. This case provides students with an opportunity to assess business risk in a realistic context that includes evidence beyond the content of the financial statements. Company information is provided via a webpage (www.premierpunch.com) with content similar to that of an actual investor relations site. Students must evaluate the information presented in the company’s annual report, press releases and other sources, and consider the impact of that information on several facets of business risk. Students also perform an analytical review of the company’s financial statements and synthesize the case information into a professional memo containing their assessment of business risk.     

Interactions Between Property and Equity Markets: An Investigation of Linkages in the United Kingdom 1972–1992

Two strands of real estate research—that concerned with the relationships between securitized real estate and the underlying market and that dealing with the role of property in the wider economy—rarely are considered together. The paper utilizes the U.K. equity market and property company share data to explore the relationships between real estate and the rest of the economy, using a two-sector analytic model. Causality analysis suggests that the wider economy leads the real estate market in the short term but that, with a longer lag structure, positive real estate returns may point to negative future returns in the rest of the economy. This provides weak confirmatory evidence for theories of capital switching between sectors.