The Illiquidity of Corporate Bonds

This paper examines the illiquidity of corporate bonds and its asset‐pricing implications. Using transactions data from 2003 to 2009, we show that the illiquidity in corporate bonds is substantial, significantly greater than what can be explained by bid–ask spreads. We establish a strong link between bond illiquidity and bond prices. In aggregate, changes in market‐level illiquidity explain a substantial part of the time variation in yield spreads of high‐rated (AAA through A) bonds, overshadowing the credit risk component. In the cross‐section, the bond‐level illiquidity measure explains individual bond yield spreads with large economic significance.     

Hedging Corporate Bonds

We examine Treasury bond and stock index futures, the swap curve and two types of hypothetical corporate bond assets as alternative hedging instruments for portfolios of corporate bonds. Conducting ex post and ex ante tests we find evidence that credit quality and maturity are important sources of basis risk when hedging corporate bonds whose credit rating are below triple A. We conclude that a new corporate hedging instrument may be useful for those wishing to hedge corporate bond portfolios provided that transaction costs are not too high relative to existing futures contracts.     

金融双语资本分类与混合资本债券

巴塞尔资本协议按照资本质量以及弥补资本损失的能力,将银行资本划分为一级、二级和三级资本.其中,一级资本包括普通股股本等属于核心层的资本;二级资本则包括普通准备、次级定期债务以及混合资本工具等;三级资本包括一些期限较短的定期次级债务,目的是应对市场风险.对于二级资本中的混合资本工具而言,巴塞尔协议规定,混合资本工具包括一系列同时具有股权资本和债务资本特性的工具,其共性为:无担保、从属性;期限一般为10年以上甚至永久;偿还次序低于或等于长期次级债务;在约定的情况下,在债券到期时,混合资本工具可以延期支付本金和利息;混合资本工具可计入附属资本的比例最高可达到100%.     

Inflation Risk in Corporate Bonds

We argue that corporate bond yields reflect fears of debt deflation. When debt is nominal, unexpectedly low inflation increases real liabilities and default risk. In a real business cycle model with optimal but infrequent capital structure choice, more uncertain or procyclical inflation leads to quantitatively important increases in corporate log yields in excess of default‐free log yields. A panel of credit spread indexes from six developed countries shows that credit spreads rise by 14 basis points if inflation volatility or the inflation‐stock correlation increases by one standard deviation.     

企业债市场：任重而道远

与大多数新兴市场一样，在中国资本市场的发展序列上，股票市场被放在了优先的位置。随着股票市场发展到一定阶段，债券市场的重要性日益突出，在完善资本市场结构、拓宽公司融资渠道和提供资产和风险管理工具等方面，债券市场扮演着不可或缺的角色。亚洲金融危机警示人们，债券市场不发达和过度依赖银行的金融体系是脆弱的，一定规模的债券市场对提高一国金融体系的安全性具有重要的意义。     

公司债的非流动性与风险溢价——基于中国的实证研究

本文基于四种非流动性测度,考察了公司债层面和市场层面影响中国公司债非流动性的因素,讨论了公司债非流动性、权益波动率、印花税调整等因素对公司债风险溢价的影响。研究发现,在控制了信用评级和发行人权益波动率后,在截面上只有Amihud(2002)非流动性测度对公司债风险溢价有正的显著影响。此外,公司债发行人权益波动率和2008年的两次印花税调整对公司债风险溢价有正的稳健显著影响。     

The Riskiness of Corporate Bonds

We use an index of riskiness recently proposed by Aumann and Serrano ( 2008 ) to analyze how the riskiness of diversified portfolios of corporate bonds changes across rating classes and through time and how it compares to the riskiness of other financial instruments. We find that differences in riskiness among portfolios of bonds belonging to different rating classes are seldom statistically significant. We instead find significant time variation in riskiness, driven mainly by return volatility, inflation, and average bond yields. In particular, we find that increases in average bond yields have historically tended to reduce the riskiness of portfolios of corporate bonds by increasing their expected return and by lowering the probability of portfolio losses.     

附认股权公司债初探

附认股权公司债与可转换债很类似，本质上都是固定利率债券与认股权的组合，两种产品的差异主要是债券与股权凭证的结构设计。     

企业债券品种设计与创新分析

信用风险和价格风险是企业债券品种设计所需规避的基本风险。实证研究表明，信用风险是存在的，且具有一定周期性；它与融资成本、企业债券收益率是相关的；在信息不充分的市场上，它具有相当的信息价值，它的改变会对企业债券的价格产生冲击；违约债券估价模型是信用风险规避的基本创新方式。而价格风险加大是企业债券品种创新的重要驱动因素，在价格风险的压力下，可回购、可赎回债券，结构性、衍生性企业债券品种的设计日趋活跃。     

发展企业债券市场的若干问题探讨

在我国发展非政府债券市场问题上，目前存在一个争论：我国是发展企业债券还是公司债券?一是因为在发达资本市场国家发行的是公司债券，而我国自20世纪80年代中期发展资本市场以来发行的都是企业债券；二是就我国有关法律法规而言，《公司法》和《企业债券管理条例》分别……     

中国企业债券市场上市公司调查报告

2002年，深圳证券交易所综合研究所和基金债券部成立联合课题组，开展了“中国企业债券市场现状调查研究”。调查的目的是为了更客观和真实地反映我国企业债券市场现状及各市场主体对企业债券市场发展中主要热点和难点问题的看法，从而为企业债券市场参与主体各方特别是政府和市场组织的相关决策提供参考依据。本是对中国企业债券市场调查报告中关于潜在发债主体情况的调查成果。从第四期起，本刊将陆续发表其调查成果。     

在企业债市场推行做市商制度的探讨

推行做市商制度对投资者、券商、交易所和监管部门等市场主体将产生较大影响.我国推行做市商制度应解决法律制度约束、市场结构、监管能力和微观主体素质和实力等问题.可考虑选择某些特殊交易品种(如上市企业债券)推行做市商制度,同时应进行制度、规则、金融衍生产品开发、交易结算系统改造和监管等一系列准备工作.     

发行混合资本债券的现实选择

鉴于我国商业银行目前面临的资本金不足以及补充渠道有限的现状,银监会鼓励商业银行积极创新资本补充工具。近期,人民币混合资本债券引起了广泛关注。虽然有质疑声,但是允许商业银行发行混合资本债券以补充资本金,不仅拓展了商业银行的资本补充渠道,还可以丰富市场投资品种,改善市场供求格局。     

混合资本债券的法律合意分析

在央行和银监会倡导金融机构与债券市场协调稳步发展的背景下,2005年12月, 中国银行业监督管理委员会下发了《关于商业银行发行混合资本债券补充附属资本有关问题的通知》(以下简称“《通知》”), 在丰富我国债券市场创新品种的同时,进一步拓宽了商业银行资本补充的有效途径。中国人民银行亦着手制定混合资本债券市场监管的管理办法。就混合资本债券的创     

美国风险投资波动的影响因素分析

本通过建立计量经济模型，从宏观层面研究了过去26年里影响美国风险投资波动的各项因素。回归分析结果表明：第一，GDP及与之相连的资本市场表现是影响风险投资发展的长期因素；第二，风险投资的发展必须依靠私人养老基金的支持，这是一个普遍的现象；第三，资本利得税对风险投资的影响更多地是通过需求方而非供给方来实现的；第四，美国风险投资具有较强的区域性，研发费用越高的区域，风险投资数量也越多。     

Explaining the Rate Spread on Corporate Bonds

The purpose of this article is to explain the spread between rates on corporate and government bonds. We show that expected default accounts for a surprisingly small fraction of the premium in corporate rates over treasuries. While state taxes explain a substantial portion of the difference, the remaining portion of the spread is closely related to the factors that we commonly accept as explaining risk premiums for common stocks. Both our time series and cross-sectional tests support the existence of a risk premium on corporate bonds.     

Informed Trading in Corporate Bonds Prior to Earnings Announcements

This paper examines the information content of corporate bond trading prior to earnings announcements using data from both NAIC and TRACE. We find that the direction of pre‐announcement bond trading is closely related to earnings surprises. This link is most evident prior to negative news and in high‐yield bonds. Further, abnormal bond trading during the pre‐announcement period can help predict both earnings surprises and post‐announcement bond returns. Such predictive ability of bond trading largely originates from institutional‐sized trades and is concentrated in the issuer's most actively traded bond. Finally, even after accounting for transactions costs, informed bond trading can generate significant net profits, especially prior to the release of bad news.     

Is Default Event Risk Priced in Corporate Bonds?

This article provides an empirical decomposition of the default,liquidity, and tax factors that determine expected corporatebond returns. In particular, the risk premium associated witha default event is estimated. The intensity-based model is estimatedusing bond price data for 104 US firms and historical defaultrates. Significant risk premia on common intensity factors andimportant tax and liquidity effects are found. These componentsgo a long way towards explaining the level of expected corporatebond returns. Adding a positive default event risk premium helpsto explain the remaining error, although this premium cannotbe estimated with high statistical precision.     

可转换公司债在公司股权激励中的运用

国际证券市场发展的历史表明，可转换公司债券是一个完善的证券市场所不可或缺的重要组成部分，实践经验也证明可转债完全可以成为公司股权激励制度的重要组成部分。     

中国企业债券市场大型发债企业调查报告

要发展和完善企业债券市场，首要的是改革企业债券行政审批制度，实现债券发行的市场化；并在这一过程中逐步放开利率，实现利率市场化；最后是完善债券交易市场。