我国消费增长均值过程和波动过程的双长期记忆性测度

本文基于ARFIMA-FIGARCH模型对我国1995年1月至2009年12月期间社会消费品零售总额增速的动态过程进行检验,发现我国消费增长的一阶矩和二阶矩均存在显著的长期记忆性特征,即我国消费增长序列具有双长期记忆性特征,这表明我国消费增长序列具有一定的粘性。同时,ARFIMA-FIGARCH模型的估计结果说明,相对于ARFIMA模型以及FIGARCH模型而言,ARFIMA-FIGARCH模型的估计效果更优。     

我国短期利率序列均值过程和波动率过程的长期记忆性测度与检验

我们使用我国1996年1月至2008年6月期间的银行同业拆借利率,对我国利率均值过程及其波动过程的长期记忆性进行测度和检验。利用ARFIMA模型和FIGARCH模型的检验结果说明,我国利率序列的一阶矩中不存在长期记忆性,而二阶矩中存在显著的长期记忆性;进一步运用ARFIMA-FIGARCH模型对利率均值过程及其波动过程的双长期记忆性进行检验时发现,我国利率序列均值过程中不存在明显的长期记忆性,但波动率序列中存在非常显著且较强的长期记忆性特征;通过考虑Student-t分布进一步说明,我国利率序列中明显存在"尖峰厚尾"分布特征。     

汇率收益率及其收益波动率存在长记忆性吗?——基于人民币汇率和欧元汇率的经验分析

长记忆性研究一直是金融实证研究的一个热点,但过去多数研究主要集中于资本市场。汇率收益率的长记忆性将影响外汇市场的有效性,汇率收益波动率的长记忆性则可能对汇率风险及汇率未来变化产生作用。基于此,本文选择人民币兑美元汇率、欧元兑美元汇率作为研究对象,运用经典重标极差分析法、重标方差分析法及小波方差分析法分别考察它们的收益率和收益波动率序列的长记忆性。研究结果表明:人民币汇率收益率存在长记忆性,而欧元汇率收益率不存在长记忆性;两种汇率收益波动率都存在显著的长记忆性特征,但人民币汇率收益波动率的非周期循环天数长于欧元汇率收益波动率。结论说明了欧元汇率发展的成熟以及人民币汇率形成机制的相对低效,并为追踪汇市行为特征及制定外汇政策提供了新的视角。     

基于R/S分析和V/S分析的香港股市长记忆性比较研究

对金融时序的长记忆性进行研究在金融市场预测中具有重要的意义.目前一般认为Gjrajtis等人于2003年提出的V/S分析法更具稳健性、不易受短期记忆性的影响.尽管很多研究表明V/S方法在分析时间序列的记忆性问题上表现更为稳健,然而本文同时运用R/S分析和V/S分析法对香港股市进行研究,发现两种方法对时间序列短期相关性的敏感度却是大体相当的,这与以往的研究结论并不一致.     

货币增长不确定性与通货膨胀不确定性——“波动溢出”假说与实证检验

文章基于通货膨胀——通货膨胀不确定性关系的理论研究,提出货币增长不确定性向通货膨胀不确定性波动溢出的计量检验假说,并利用中国数据,运用多元GARCH模型进行实证检验。结果发现,存在货币增长不确定性显著向通货膨胀不确定性波动溢出的效应。这意味着,货币增长不确定性具有提供有关预测通货膨胀不确定性信息的能力。同时也表明,货币增长不确定性是通货膨胀不确定性的重要解释变量,其重要性不应被忽视。实证结论的政策含义是:减少货币增长不确定性是降低通货膨胀不确定性的重要途径,我国20世纪90年代中后期稳健的货币政策所带来的通货膨胀不确定性显著降低的现实支持了这个观点。     

我国通货膨胀和股市周期波动共变性和非一致性再检验

本文从时域和频域角度结合MS-VAR区制转移模型,考察20世纪90年代后我国通货膨胀和股票市场周期波动共变性和非一致性特征。基于小波变换的频域检验结果显示,通货膨胀和股市波动周期分别集中于50—120个月和30—70个月,其扩张期和收缩期不对称且短中长周期波动不同步。Granger因果关系检验发现二者短周期分量无因果关系,但中长周期波动分量双向因果关系显著。对通货膨胀与股票市场时域MS-VAR模型检验结果发现,通货膨胀与股票市场阶段性明显且易形成非一致性均衡,持续时间约为2年,时域结果直接印证了频域上中长周期通货膨胀和股票市场波动特性。     

我国宏观经济波动中的随机冲击效应:经验事实与理论解读

本文首先利用一个施加长期约束的SVAR框架,考察了供给、需求与货币冲击对我国产出、通货膨胀影响的经验事实。结果显示,需求冲击对产出和通货膨胀均存在较大影响力,供给冲击偏重于影响产出,货币冲击则偏重于通货膨胀。随后,基于动态随机一般均衡理论框架,引入技术、偏好等七种典型的外生随机冲击,详细刻画随机冲击对我国宏观经济的影响机制,其脉冲模拟结果与SVAR经验事实基本一致。DSGE方差分解进一步显示,在多数年份,供给需求冲击与财政政策冲击能够解释大部分产出波动,供需、财政货币政策等随机冲击对通货膨胀波动的解释比例较为均衡。近期,受经济转型以及政策转向的影响,以消费、投资为代表的需求冲击构成我国当前宏观经济波动的最主要因素。     

我国总产出波动中的动态结构变化度量与检验——基于1952-2005年经济周期的实证研究

文章运用多种参数稳定性检验方法研究我国总产出的动态变化路径,发现我国总产出序列具有明显的结构变化特征,获得了我国总产出的结构变化点估计.在此基础上,文章采用具有内生结构变化点的单位根检验方法,结合我国宏观经济运行事实,对我国1952-2005年总产出的动态特征进行了研究,结果发现总产出是围绕多个结构变化点的分段趋势平稳序列,并且准确地给出了自1952年以来的总产出结构变化时间.总产出服从分段趋势平稳过程的结论,对宏观经济运行预测、政策主导下的长期经济发展战略和短期经济稳定措施是否有效,提高宏观管理政策水平以及总产出与其他总量间因果关系的研究具有重要启示.     

我国国际资本流动性程度和非流动性原因的度量与检验--来自中美日三国消费模式对比的经验证据

加入WTO以后,我国的国际资本流动性开始有所加强,流动方式也有所改变。文章选择中国、美国和日本的消费和收入数据,在国家之间实际利率均衡的假设下,通过国家消费模式的考察和对比,发现我国的经济运行并不满足国际资本完全流动性假说,其原因既出于我国资本市场与国际资本市场之间存在进入限制,也出于我国资本市场与国际资本市场的非完全整合。这些经验发现表明,我国经济中的名义利率、汇率和资本市场仍然处于有限管制过程中,必须通过深化国内金融体制改革和逐步实现资本市场开放等有力措施来增强我国国际资本的流动性,进而保持我国快速经济增长和提高整体资源配置效率。     

The link between inflation and inflation uncertainty: Evidence from G7 countries

In this paper we adopt the Markov-switching heteroscedasticity model to analyse the inflation series for G7 countries and examine the interaction between inflation rate and its uncertainty over both the short- and long-run. It is found that the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty depends on whether the shock is permanent or transitory. The relationship also differs from country to country. High uncertainty about long-run inflation is associated with a significant positive shift in inflation for Canada, Germany, and Japan. High uncertainty about short-run inflation is associated with a significant positive shift in inflation for Germany and USA, and a significant negative shift in inflation for Canada. The modelling approach employed in this paper is empirically supported by various diagnostics including the Vuong test. We also derive the two components of the variance of inflation forecast for a particular forecast horizon. It is found that the inflation uncertainty increases at all horizons in the middle of 1970s and return to the low level in the middle of 1980s.First version received: June 2001/Final version received: October 2003We would like to thank three anonymous referees for many helpful comments and suggestions.     

The time-varying effect of inflation uncertainty on inflation for Turkey

We investigate the effect of inflation uncertainty on inflation from January 1982 through March 2016 for Turkey by using the Stochastic Volatility in Mean model with time-varying parameters. Our empirical evidence from consumer price index (CPI) inflation suggests that the observed positive relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty is not robust. This positive relationship diminishes after 2002. This finding is valid for all five subcomponents of CPI inflation; however, for Health Services, Transportation Services, and Recreational and Cultural Services, an inflation-positive association is reported after 2010.     

Inflation and inflation uncertainty in China

The study examines the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty in China using Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity model. Particularly, this link is investigated in China’s urban and rural sectors, motivated by the substantial urban–rural divide. The results provide strong statistical supportive evidence that higher inflation raises inflation uncertainty. On the other hand, evidence on the effect of inflation uncertainty on inflation is mixed depending on the sample periods and areas examined. The understanding of inflation-uncertainty nexus in China could provide implications to policymakers in the adoption of monetary policies.     

Monetary control uncertainty and inflation bias

This paper offers an alternative explanation for the occurrence of an inflation bias with and without an output goal exceeding natural output. A monetary game model is developed from which an inflation bias emerges because the policymaker increases money growth in order to avoid a recession due to a possible negative control error. Whereas higher additive instrument uncertainty increases the inflation bias, higher multiplicative uncertainty decreases it. Delegating monetary policy to an independent and conservative central banker decreases the inflation bias for all types of control errors.     

国内外原油市场收益率及其波动性的双长记忆性测度

本文基于我国原油现货价格和欧洲Brent原油现货价格的数据,运用多种计量模型对原油市场收益率及其波动性的长记忆性进行测度。研究发现,我国原油市场收益率序列不存在长相依性特征,波动率序列则存在长记忆性效应;国外原油市场收益率及波动率序列均存在显著且较强的长记忆性。同时,检验结果表明,采用Student-t分布来刻画"尖峰厚尾"分布性质并利用TGARCH模型来描述"杠杆效应"是非常必要的。     

The negative side of inflation targeting: revisiting inflation uncertainty in the EMU

ABSTRACT

This article tests the Friedman–Ball hypothesis for the European Monetary Union (EMU) countries, using a GARCH methodology. The empirical results show a positive relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty, largely supportive of the Friedman–Ball hypothesis. Furthermore, the ECB’s price stability mandate is found to have asymmetric, if not limited, effects on inflation uncertainty since 1999, with the findings different for the so-called peripheral countries when compared to the core. For the majority of the EMU countries, shifts away from the 2% target served to increase inflation uncertainty. The credibility of the ECB since the financial crisis, in attempting to meet its 2% inflation target has seen inflation uncertainty increase for some, likely driven by inflation failing to re-anchor. Furthermore, recent periods of deflation are found to generate inflation uncertainty, with short-term price variability increasing in line with observed negative price growth for the majority of the EMU countries. The results are supportive of a U-shaped relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty. Using spline techniques, we formally provide support for such a U-shaped relation where inflation uncertainty broadly increases below a certain threshold for each country’s inflation rate. Asymmetric effects across countries are found in the level of this threshold.     

Macroeconomic uncertainty,growth and inflation in the Eurozone: a causal approach

In this article, we evaluate the causal relationship between macroeconomic uncertainty indices, inflation and growth rate for 17 Eurozone countries on a county-level examination. In performing a series of linear and nonlinear causality tests, we find little evidence of a causal relationship between uncertainty and macroeconomic variables. Thus, macroeconomic analysis based on uncertainty indices should be treated with caution.     

Stock prices,inflation and inflation uncertainty in the U.S.: testing the long-run relationship considering Dow Jones sector indexes

We test for the long-run relationship between stock prices, inflation and its uncertainty for different U.S. sector stock indexes, over the period 2002M7–2015M10. For this purpose we use a cointegration analysis with one structural break to capture the crisis effect, and we assess the inflation uncertainty based on a time-varying unobserved component model. In line with recent empirical studies we discover that in the long run, the inflation and its uncertainty negatively impact the stock prices, opposed to the well-known Fisher effect. In addition we show that for several sector stock indexes the negative effect of inflation and its uncertainty vanishes after the crisis outburst. However, in the short run the results provide evidence in favour of a negative impact of uncertainty, while the inflation has no significant influence on stock prices, except for the consumption indexes. The consideration of business cycle effects confirms our findings, which proves that the results are robust, both for long- and short-run relationships.     

Long memory and level shifts: Re-analyzing inflation rates

A key application of long memory time series models concerns inflation. Long memory implies that shocks have a long-lasting effect. It may however be that empirical evidence for long memory is caused by neglecting one or more level shifts. Since such level shifts are not unlikely for inflation, where the shifts may be caused by sudden oil price shocks, we examine whether evidence for long memory (indicated by the relevance of an ARFIMA model) in G7 inflation rates is spurious or exaggerated. Our main findings are that apparent long memory is quite resistant to level shifts, although for a few inflation rates we find that evidence for long memory disappears. First version received: March 1998/final version received: October 1998     

Welfare costs of monetary policy uncertainty in the economy with shifting trend inflation

We study welfare costs of the uncertainty about monetary policy in the economy featuring shifting trend inflation. We follow Ruge-Murcia (J Econ Dyn Control 36: 914–-938, 2012) to employ the SMM approach to fit the model to the US data (1979Q1-2015Q1). We find that the monetary policy uncertainty affects economic welfare through different dimensions. On the one hand, the policy uncertainty itself distorts the economic welfare negligibly, not only by increasing volatilities of consumption and leisure, but also by decreasing their average levels. A higher level of trend inflation then signifies these changes to produce greater welfare costs. Furthermore, the adverse impacts of policy uncertainty on the economy, documented by the impulse response functions of macroeconomic variables to policy uncertainty shock, become larger when central banks raise their inflation targets. On the other hand, the costs of exogenous variations in trend inflation are larger if there is policy uncertainty.