Characteristics of the People''s Court''s Order to Compensate Damages for Copyright Infringement

The issue of damages has long been a hard nut to crack in court hearings of cases of dispute over copyright infringement. Recently, the Beijing Higher People's Court has found out, while conducing a study of 206 copyright infringement cases (162 cases of first instance and 44 cases of second instance), the following eight characteristics of the People's Court's ruling on compensation of damages.     

简论影响教育投入的人口和经济因素

我国教育经费中个人、团体和社会的教育经费快速增长,并且在一定程度上弥补了国家财政性教育经费投入相对经济增长缓慢的情况;地区间教育经费的差异主要是受到地区的经济状况和经济类型,以及人口数量、素质和劳动力类型的影响.     

简论影响教育投入的人口和经济因素

我国教育经费中个人、团体和社会的教育经费快速增长,并且在一定程度上弥补了国家财政性教育经费投入相对经济增长缓慢的情况;地区间教育经费的差异主要是受到地区的经济状况和经济类型,以及人口数量、素质和劳动力类型的影响。     

制度与经济发展关系研究中的计量与统计方法比较分析

随着计量分析方法被广泛用于研究制度与经济发展之间的关系,在国际发展经济学界涌现一大批对制度与经济发展相互关系展开经验研究的成果。鉴于作为整体的制度难以量化,人们在使用计量方法时常常容易陷入用非精确数据来解释精确化事实的尴尬境地。本文在对计量和统计两种方法进行对比分析的基础上,建议在探讨制度对经济发展相互关系时,采用包括因子分析法和主成份分析法在内的多元统计方法来弥补计量方法在度量制度整体结构方面的不足,从而使得这两种分析方法在对制度与经济发展关系的研究中获得相得益彰的效果。     

影响印度经济崛起的因素分析

近年来，印度经济发展迅速，崛起势头强劲，因此有专家预计到2050年印度将成为仅次于中国和美国的世界第三大经济体。就这一问题，本文从印度的自身特点出发，深入系统地分析了其经济崛起过程中的优势和劣势。     

影响人寿保险业需求的经济因素的实证分析

本文利用1990年至2004年人寿保险业保费收入和相关经济变量的时间序列数据，通过回归分析对影响我国人寿保险业需求的经济因素进行实证研究，得出结论认为国民经济持续发展、城市化变迁、居民整体生活水平提高和居民金融资产总量扩张，都会强有力地推动人寿保险业发展，而居民收入分配格局在一定程度上的倾斜也有利于人寿保险业的阶段性发展。     

What Happens to Nascent Entrepreneurs? An Econometric Analysis of the PSED

abstract This article follows the progress of a large and nationally representative sample of American nascent entrepreneurs – identified in the initial interview of the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) – over the next 12 months of the panel. We develop a novel theoretical framework based on maximisation of expected utility and the value of waiting, and estimate it to reveal which personal and economic characteristics are associated with venture start-up – and which are associated with remaining a nascent entrepreneur, or giving up entirely. The value of waiting turns out to play a key role in helping us understand what happens to nascent entrepreneurs. We discuss the implications of our results for entrepreneurs, lenders, business start-up support agencies and policy-makers.*The authors would like to thank two anonymous referees, as well as participants at Imperial College, London; Palm Springs (USASBE 2005); Babson College (BKERC 2005); and Clemson University (2004 PSED Symposium) and in particular Tom Lumpkin and Kelly Shaver for helpful comments on an earlier draft. The usual disclaimer applies.     

中国经济增长与环境污染关系的空间计量分析

通过空间计量分析方法,实证中国内地31个省域经济增长与环境污染之间的关系,结果表明:省域经济增长存在全局空间自相关和局部空间自相关;废渣污染的减少可以在较大程度上推动经济增长,且这种作用逐年增强;废气污染大的工业对经济增长的贡献较大,并有不断增加的趋势;废水污染大的工业对经济增长的贡献不显著,说明经济增长摆脱了对其的依赖。另外,在实证中还发现,与空间计量模型相比,普通回归模型由于忽略了空间因素,低估了环境污染对经济增长的影响作用。     

家庭经济地位与生育行为:宏观环境的调节效应

使用2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据研究家庭经济地位对中国妇女违反政策生育行为的影响。考虑到社会情境对个体行为的重要影响作用,本研究构建多层模型分析不同省级社会环境下家庭收入对违反政策生育行为的影响。家庭经济因素对个体生育行为的影响会随着省级社会环境的不同而呈现出巨大差异。在女性在农业部门就业比例高的地区,收入呈负向影响;女性在农业部门就业比例低的地区,收入呈正向影响。这说明社会环境对个体行为的影响机制是复杂的。研究结果对生育政策调整具有一定的启示意义。     

公共投资与经济增长的相关分析--中国数据的计量检验

本文在现有文献研究的基础上,依据中国改革开放20多年的实际数据,运用内生增长理论构建计量经济模型,对公共物质资本投资、公共人力资本投资及R&D投资与经济增长的相关性进行了协整检验和格兰杰因果关系检验,结果发现:三种公共投资具有不同程度的正向经济增长效应,并且其促进经济增长的路径也不相同.公共物质资本投资主要是通过资本积累效应拉动经济增长,而公共人力资本投资及研发投资则是通过提高全要素生产率及外部性效应促进经济增长.并且,在不同的发展阶段上,三种公共投资与经济增长的因果关系及驱动机制又有所不同.针对实证结果得出结论及政策建议,进而为优化我国公共投资政策提供决策依据.     

Shaping Ethical Perceptions: An Empirical Assessment of the Influence of Business Education,Culture, and Demographic Factors

Recent events at Enron, K-Mart, Adelphia, and Tyson would seem to suggest that managers are still experiencing ethical lapses. These lapses are somewhat surprising and disappointing given the heightened focus on ethical considerations within business contexts during the past decade. This study is designed, therefore, to increase our understanding of the forces that shape ethical perceptions by considering the effects of business school education as well as a number of other individual-level factors (such as intra-national culture, area of specialization within business, and gender) that may exert an influence on ethical perceptions. We found significant effects for business education, self-reported intra-national culture, area of specialization within business, and gender for some and/or all areas of ethics examined (i.e., deceit, fraud, self-interest, influence dealing, and coercion). One of our most encouraging findings is that tolerance for unethical behavior appears to decrease with formal business education. Despite the prevalent stereotype that business students are only interested in the bottom line or that business schools transform idealistic freshman into self-serving business graduates, our results suggest otherwise. Given the heightened criticism of the ethicality of contemporary managerial behavior, it is heartening to note that, even as adults, individuals can be positively affected by integration of ethics training.     

人口红利、贸易自由化与经济增长关系的实证研究

本文运用计量经济学模型分析了我国人口红利、贸易自由化及经济增长之间的相互作用机制,结果表明它们互为因果关系,其中人口红利的劳动力数量结构效应与经济增长之间存在U型关系,人口红利的劳资匹配效应及贸易自由化对经济增长的效应一直表现为正向促进。同时,研究还发现：劳动力数量结构效应是贸易自由化的格兰杰原因,即人口红利能够促进对外贸易水平进而推动经济增长;贸易自由化对经济增长的促进作用会随着贸易自由化水平的提高而有所减缓。     

人口红利对经济增长的影响分析及对策研究——基于上海面板数据

1995年-2011年,上海市人口转变使人口年龄结构发生了巨大的改变,上海市正处于人口红利时期,且属于人口暴利阶段。根据最新的统计资料,同时利用上海市教育事业投入、社会保障及就业投入等因素对人口红利贡献量的作用来分析人口红利对经济增长的影响。统计分析结果显示,人力资本及就业保障的投入能极大程度的开发潜在人口红利,并通过直线回归分析法预测2012年-2020年人口红利的贡献,并在此基础上对上,针对海市人口红利的发展提出相关的对策。     

Automation of Warehouse Management and Assortment in the Distribution of Durable Goods: An Analysis for the Ceramics and Building Supplies Industry in Spain

The introduction of information and communication technologies can be a source of competitive advantages for the retailer, even if at significant cost. In the present work we try to identify the factors that characterize companies that invest in these technologies to automate warehouse management and, in particular, the relation between the degree of automation and the retail assortment. In order to achieve this aim, we consider a sample of distributors of ceramics and building supplies in Spain. The results suggest that warehouse management automation is related to the depth and breadth of the products carried in the retail assortment.     

旅游经济增长点战略实现路径分析

本文通过旅游供给和旅游需求的分析,提出旅游经济增长点战略的实现路径：旅游需求的有效化、旅游供给增量的有效性、旅游供给存量的有效化。     

Proactive CSR: An Empirical Analysis of the Role of its Economic, Social and Environmental Dimensions on the Association between Capabilities and Performance

Proactive corporate social responsibility (CSR) involves business practices adopted voluntarily by firms that go beyond regulatory requirements in order to actively support sustainable economic, social and environmental development, and thereby contribute broadly and positively to society. This empirical study examines the role of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of proactive CSR on the association between three specific capabilities—shared vision, stakeholder management and strategic proactivity—and financial performance in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Using quantitative data collected from a sample of 171 Australian SMEs in the machinery and equipment manufacturing sector and employing structural equation modelling, we find that the adoption of practices in each CSR dimension by SMEs is influenced slightly differently by each capability, and affects financial performance differentially. The study also demonstrates the importance of the interaction between the three dimensions of proactive CSR in positively moderating the deployment of each individual CSR dimension to generate financial performance. Paying primary attention to the economic dimension of proactive CSR and selectively focusing on social and environmental elements of proactive CSR that drive and support the economic dimension are of key importance to sustainable long-term financial success for SMEs.     

Business Unethicality as an Impediment to Consumer Trust: The Moderating Role of Demographic and Cultural Characteristics

The article reports the findings of a study conducted among 387 consumers regarding their perceptions of the unethicality of business practices of firms and how these affect their response behavior, in terms of trust, satisfaction, and loyalty. The study confirmed that high levels of perceived corporate unethicality decrease consumer trust. This in turn reduces consumer satisfaction, which ultimately has negative effects on customer loyalty. It was also revealed that, although both consumer gender and urbanity have a moderating effect on the link between perceived unethicality and trust, the age group and level of education of the consumer did not exhibit such an effect. With regard to consumer cultural characteristics, both high uncertainty avoidance and low individualism were found to increase the negative impact of business unethicality on trust, as opposed to power distance and masculinity that did not have any moderating effect on this relationship. Implications for managers are extracted from the study findings, as well as directions for future research.     

对外开放对经济增长贡献的实证分析——以唐山市为例

本文以对外开放与经济增长相关理论和方法为基础,从国际开放和区际开放的视角出发,借助单位根检验、误差修正模型和格兰杰因果检验等计量工具,以唐山市为例来分析国际开放与区际开放对经济增长的贡献.本文论证了唐山市对外开放对经济增长具有显著的正效应,唐山市经济增长的动力主要来自区际开放,国际开放对唐山市经济增长的贡献相对较低.建议通过打破地区分割,实现区际协调发展;调整产业结构,转变外贸增长方式等几个方面实现经济的发展.本文试图从一个新的视角构建模型来探索研究一个城市或地区对外开放与经济增长的关系.     

Drained-Weight Labeling for Meat and Poultry: An Economic Analysis of a Regulatory Proposal

In December 1977, the Department of Agriculture proposed controversial new drained-weight labeling regulations for meat and poultry products. Consumer groups for the proposal and producer groups against it made strongly worded, but largely unsupported statements about its impact. This paper attempts to clarify the basic issues. It examines the impact of drained-weight labeling on product price and the effect on producers and consumers, assuming both a static and a dynamic setting.     

中国金融发展与经济效率的实证分析:1978~2002

本文采用中国27个省、直辖市和自治区1978 ~2002年的年度面板数据,运用混合回归的计量方法,对中国金融系统促进经济增长的作用渠道进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,中国的金融系统对经济增长的促进作用是通过投资总量途径而不是效率途径来实现的,对经济增长的推动付出了经济效率上的代价。为此,必须转变金融发展路径,加快金融变革,实现经济与金融的二元均衡。