采用RFID技术的供应链分析——从技术和商业角度

本文较深入地分析了在供应链上采用射频识别（RFID）技术以及其应用所面临的挑战和产生的商业意义。预计未来数年RFID技术的应用会迅速增加,而目前在使用的RFID面临的主要障碍包括标准化、互操作性、成本和人们对其了解不足等。本文采用一种基于RFID技术的主要用途的分类框架模型描述了一套RFID系统的基本组成部分,主要包括电子标签、阅读器和天线,并列举实例说明了它们如何在供应链系统中协同工作。我们的分析表明,RFID的广泛采用需要克服相关技术人员不足、资源稀缺性、标准化、立法和财务等方面的挑战,以便在供应链管理中各参与企业能共享相关信息,导入数据仓库,实现业务整合,从而更高效地获得更多经济利益,提高市场竞争力。     

Factors influencing the adoption of the internet of things in supply chains

This study investigates the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in supply chains through evolutionary game theory. In the modeling process, the payoff matrices for the game between the core enterprises and the suppliers and the replicator dynamics equations for these two parties are constructed. The punishment mechanism is introduced to prevent the “free-ride” behavior of core enterprises. As the key technology of the IoT, the radio-frequency identification (RFID) implementation strategies of both parties are analyzed on the basis of the replicator dynamics. Both parties eventually achieve evolutionarily stable strategies by adopting the strategies of other participants. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to validate the effects of the parameters on the selection of RFID technology. Results show that the willingness of core enterprises and suppliers to implement RFID can be strengthened by adjusting relevant parameters. Thus, this study could contribute in generalizing the application of the IoT in supply chains.     

基于TOE框架的企业采纳RFID决定性因素研究

RFID即无线射频识别技术,是一种发展迅速的物联网技术。近年来,不少企业开始尝试采纳RFID以提高绩效和竞争优势。为了解释企业采纳RFID的决定性因素,研究者借助TOE框架开展了较多的实证研究,从技术背景、组织特征和外部环境的三大维度分析了影响企业采纳RFID的决定性因素。文献分析发现,技术复杂性、技术兼容性、成本、标准不统一、组织准备、高管支持、IT能力、环境不确定性、交易伙伴命令、竞争压力、政府支持和变革推动者是企业采纳RFID的主要决定性因素。研究结论既为RFID应用的相关者提供了管理启示,也指引了未来的研究方向。     

Understanding the dynamics of technological configurations: A conceptual framework and the case of Smart Homes

This paper explores the innovation dynamics of technological configurations using one particular case study. Technological configurations have been defined in the literature as technical systems with no generic identity, i.e. they are the subset of technical systems for which the pattern of how to arrange the components (architectural knowledge) is defined during implementation. While the implementation of configurations is relatively well understood, knowledge about how configurational technologies evolve as a whole is still underdeveloped. This paper closes this gap and introduces a conceptual framework to understand the dynamics of technological configurations. In particular, the framework introduces the notions of technological field and field learning to add a diachronic and cumulative dimension to the original idea.I apply the framework to the empirical case of Smart Home systems in order to provide a systematic analysis of the underlying innovation dynamics. In particular, I show how the configurational nature of Smart Home systems, and its acknowledgement to various degrees in the corresponding technological field, relates to the emerging innovation dynamics. I conclude with two sets of results. First, I identify a number of conditions on which the future stabilization of the field into cumulative forms of learning depends. Secondly, I draw a range of conclusions with regard to the dynamics of configurational technologies in general.     

Examining the link between plan evaluation and implementation

The study investigates evaluation and implementation during planning — determining how evaluation and implementation tactics join to produce successful and less successful outcomes. The tactics managers, acting as plan sponsors, used to evaluate and implement were uncovered from an appraisal of planning practices found in nearly 400 projects. The findings indicate that implementation has more influence on success than evaluation. Considering social and political issues early in the planning process frames the process with implementation concerns and allows foresight, visualizing innovative ideas. When implementation tactics lead planning in this way either intervention or participation tactics are employed. Both tactics improve success dramatically. However, in three of four projects studied implementation was positioned at the end of a planning process. This concentrates on installation behaviors and employs evaluation to find arguments that support a preferred plan. The choice of implementation tactics was limited to persuasion or edict. Both are failure prone. The best evaluation tactics (analysis and participation) improve success somewhat for the best implementation tactics (intervention and participation), but do not overcome the difficulties created by implementing with persuasion or edict.     

The radio frequency identification industry development strategies of Asian countries

The radio frequency identification (RFID) system uses radio waves to remotely capture and process information stored in a tiny silicon chip. Having the potential to replace bar codes on consumer products, RFID technology can enhance the efficiency in material handling/transportation and provide more intelligence in business transactions. Although there are challenges and obstacles with the adoption of RFID in businesses worldwide, governments of a few Asian countries have established proactive policies and have taken supportive actions to facilitate the development of this emerging industry. This research summarises the approaches, progress and the development strategies of RFID in Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea and Singapore. The visions and strategies in developing RFID industries in these countries could provide references for other countries.     

The Economics of Television Regulation: A Survey with Application to Australia*

The analysis of the regulation of television poses a number of challenges to economists Because the structure and organization of television broadcasting are rarely the same between any two countries, there are difficulties in applying the economic analysis of television regulation in one country to that of another. Further, the major social and cultural role of television causes government broadcasting policy to include many non-economic objectives This paper outlines the main issues concerning the economic regulation of television and relates the prominent literature in the area to the Australian broadcasting environment     

Exploring radio frequency identification technology's application in international distribution centers and adoption rate forecasting

Radio Frequency Identification Technology's (RFID) application in the global supply chain has seen increased attention, and international distribution centers (IDC) are now playing a more crucial role in the global supply chain operation. This paper adopts structure equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the impact of three factors mainly based on the technology acceptance model (TAM): perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and the social norm on the use intention of an IDC. Empirical results indicate that a revised TAM could explain the RFID acceptance behavior. Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and the social norm are demonstrated to have an effect on RFID acceptance intention. The choice of RFID adoption is also impacted by the supply chain's stakeholders. Factors that affect the adoption intention of an IDC thus include customers and partners' request, government policy, and competitors that have already adopted RFID. Furthermore, the study adopts the binary Logit model based on the stated preference method's data to predict the possible adoption rate of the RFID system in the adoption intention of an IDC. This empirical study shows that significant statistical determinants influencing RFID acceptance are: system purchasing fixed cost, variable cost, and perceived usefulness. Our model also predicts that the penetration of RFID application in Taiwan's international distribution centers could hit the 25% adoption rate. The study provides several managerial implications and suggests future research directions.     

论民事执行检察监督的有关问题

当前民事执行存在诸多问题,已经影响到了民事司法裁判的完整性。民事执行问题主要表现在执行难与执行乱两大方面,其中执行乱又加剧了执行难,而民事执行检察监督的目的和优势,决定了民事执行检察监督是摆脱这种困境的有效方式。     

Intermediary–user collaboration during the innovation implementation process

The innovation process is characterised by obstacles faced both by innovation suppliers during development and by users during implementation. Although the literature has underscored the importance of collaboration, how this process occurs during implementation remains understudied. In this study, a cross-case analysis of implementation processes showed that intermediary–user collaborations are characterised by different ways of matching users’ demands with intermediaries’ services, different formal and informal governance mechanisms, and different implementation outcomes. We propose that these characteristics are due to the specificities of implementation and to the particularities of the intermediary–user relationship. Additionally, there are particularities to intermediary–user collaborations that both facilitate implementation and create risks for its outcomes. We suggest that the link between the implementation outcome and the collaboration process affects user satisfaction, further investments in the technology, and learning. We conclude by drawing implications of the particularities of intermediary–user collaboration and implementation for theory, managers, and further research.     

我国西部地区的国企改制困境:一个文献综述

本文针对我国西部欠发达地区目前的国企改制困境问题,对国内外相关文献进行了综述分析,发现造成我国西部国企改制困境的原因中既有"外生"的因素,也有"内生"的因素.西部地区不利的自然禀赋、不合理的产业结构以及中央逆市场调控的政策等,造成西部市场机制发育迟缓,仅靠市场的力量无法消化国企改制的成本;而我国转轨时期特定的体制结构使得政府在国企改制成本支付过程中充满了机会主义行为.针对这种情况本文提出了相应的政策建议.     

STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES AS INSTRUMENTS OF INNOVATION POLICY

This article expands the literature on the rationales and governance of state owned enterprises (SOEs). We show that SOEs could be seen as instruments of innovation policies and change agents within broader innovation systems that can overcome many of the conventional challenges of innovation policy and its implementation, from coordination and implementation of policies and innovation system actor networks to financing innovation. We review the existing literature on the rationales of SOEs and extend it to include innovation as a central rationale. Thereafter we provide a taxonomy that reveals the necessary policy and managerial conditions and constraints for using SOEs as instruments of innovation policy. We place some of the better‐known innovation‐oriented SOE successes and failures into this taxonomy and show that this approach will allow in future research to explore different SOE practices and potential for using SOEs as innovation policy instruments across countries.     

完善信用担保体系:解决中小企业融资难的路径

中小企业是我国国民经济发展的重要力量,但是目前中小企业发展的最大障碍是资金短缺问题.本文通过对中小企业融资困境分析表明,向金融机构贷款是解决中小企业融资困难的主要渠道,信用担保体系又是制约中小企业贷款的主要因素,目前我国现有中小企业信用担保体系远不能满足中小企业融资条件的要求.文章根据我国中小企业融资的实际情况,探讨了从政府机构、信用担保机构、中小企业自身、法律法规、贷款机构的角度建立和完善我国中小企业信用担保体系问题.     

西北大学后勤社会化改革历程回顾

对西北大学后勤社会化改革十年来的经验与成就进行了全面总结,阐述了改革采取的主要做法和具体实施步骤,总结了十年来后勤社会化改革取得的成功经验和不足之初,并对改革中遇到的困难和问题进行了分析。     

欠发达地区农村居民最低生活保障制度研究——安徽省农村最低生活保障调查

最低生活保障制度是政府对家庭人均收入低于最低生活保障标准的贫困人口进行救助的一种新型社会救助制度,本文以安徽省部分贫困县农村最低生活保障实施情况调研资料为基础,对欠发达地区农村居民最低生活保障制度的建立与实施作深层次剖析。并针对在执行过程中的具体困难,明确各级政府在这项工作中的责任。     

跨国公司工效学：跨国公司人力资源管理新学派

本文在文献回顾的基础上，从四个方面来研究跨国公司工效学（Ergonomicg）：首先，介绍跨国公司战略，包括所期望的能力（expected capabilitie9）、“心智矩阵”（mind matrix）、潜在优势（potential advantages）以及应用的难点，进而讨论宏观人力资源的六大战略的应用，在此基础上，文章探讨了跨国管理的三种新角色，即全球文化大师（global culture guru）、区域的良师益友和推动力（regional mentor and expediter）、当地的企业家（local entrepreneur），最后，文章从六个微观人力资源问题的角度讨论这三种角色的应用问题。     

Large Firms and Knowledge Flows in the Dutch R&D System: A Case Study of Philips Electronics

This paper uses data on patent-to-patent citations and patent-to-science-literature citations to study the spillover network of companies and research institutes around Philips Electronics. The theoretical section of the paper surveys the literature on innovation regimes and regional systems of innovation, and uses this to derive a number of testable hypotheses on the Philips network. The main findings of the paper are that the importance of local firms in the technology network around Philips is small, but the impact of local (semi-)public institutes is larger. Also, it is found that large firms generate a large part of the scientific literature that is referred to in Philips patents.     

Long-term unemployment, unemployment benefits and social assistance: The Polish experience

This paper provides a comprehensive account of the regulations governing the systems of unemployment support and social assistance in post-communist Poland. To provide a solid foundation for a further discussion of these issues, the paper extensively characterizes the Polish labor force in terms of the prevalence and duration of unemployment. A final aspect of our empirical analysis concerned the question of what are the main sources of personal income for labor force participants, unemployed workers and long-term unemployed workers. In conclusion, we argue for a reform of the Polish systems of income support that separates the objectives of employment growth and poverty alleviation, and that improves upon the implementation of support schemes.     

Large Firms and Knowledge Flows in the Dutch R&D System: A Case Study of Philips Electronics

This paper uses data on patent-to-patent citations and patent-to-science-literature citations to study the spillover network of companies and research institutes around Philips Electronics. The theoretical section of the paper surveys the literature on innovation regimes and regional systems of innovation, and uses this to derive a number of testable hypotheses on the Philips network. The main findings of the paper are that the importance of local firms in the technology network around Philips is small, but the impact of local (semi-)public institutes is larger. Also, it is found that large firms generate a large part of the scientific literature that is referred to in Philips patents.     

少数民族非物质文化遗产的旅游开发研究——以云南七宣彝族哑巴节为例

为了更好更有效地保护少数民族非物质文化遗产,文章通过对云南七宣彝族哑巴节的分析,探索出少数民族非物质文化遗产的旅游开发对策。哑巴节文化遗产在保护和传承过程中,面临的主要困境是资金缺乏、传承人规模过小、大众参与不够、基础设施落后,实际上这些困境也是目前我国大部分少数民族非物质文化遗产保护和传承所面临的主要问题。对于解决这些问题,旅游开发是一个可行的也是必要的途径,通过旅游开发可以为哑巴节文化遗产提供更多的保护资金、可以促进哑巴节文化价值的更深层次挖掘、可以很好地普及哑巴节文化遗产知识以及可以推动当地经济的发展,改善其基础设施建设和服务水平,最终通过旅游开发实现少数民族非物质文化遗产文化价值和经济价值的双赢。