高校辅导员视角下大学生心理健康教育

辅导员作为思想政治教育工作者,对大学生的心理健康有着直接的影响.本文主要从高校大学生的心理现状出发,分析产生这些心理问题的原因,并在此基础上,深入探讨辅导员对大学生进行心理健康教育的途径.     

校园体育文化与大学生心理和谐

校园体育文化是校园中呈现的一种有着丰富内涵的特定的文化现象,它对大学生和谐心理的构建有着特殊的重要价值,在促进个人内心和谐、人际心理和谐、人与社会的和谐等方面有着积极的作用。因而要注重营造有特色的环境氛围、营造生动活泼的教学氛围、构建多元的活动氛围,充分发挥体育文化的心理效应。     

Focus on opportunities as a mediator of the relationship between business owners' age and venture growth

Combining upper echelons and lifespan theories, we investigated the mediating effect of focus on opportunities on the negative relationship between business owners' age and venture growth. We also expected that mental health moderates the negative relationship between business owners' age and focus on opportunities. Path analytic findings based on data from 84 business owners (mean age = 44, range 24-74) supported these hypotheses. Findings suggest that focus on opportunities is a psychological mechanism that links business owners' age with venture growth. Our findings also indicate that mental health helps maintain a high level of focus on opportunities with increasing age.     

Partner violence as a risk factor for mental health among women from communities in the Philippines,Egypt, Chile,and India

Although studies have documented the association between Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and mental health, few have been done in developing countries. In this study, the association between IPV and mental health in women from different developing countries was established.

Women, 15 to 49 years old with at least one child 18 years old or younger, were randomly selected from communities in Chile, Egypt, India, and the Philippines (N = 3974). The Self Report questionnaire (SRQ) was used to assess mental health. Women with a score on the SRQ of 8 or more, or who reported ever attempting suicide, were classified as having poor mental health. Physical IPV was defined as being slapped, hit, kicked, beaten or threatened by a male partner during the past year. Psychological violence included being insulted or belittled, threatened or abandoned.

Between 22.5% (in Egypt) to 41% (in Chile) of participating women reported a score of eight or more on the SRQ. High scores on the SRQ were significantly associated with current physical and psychological IPV in the samples from all participating countries except Chile. Twelve percent of women in Chile, 2.6%, in Egypt, 7.5% in India and 1.6% in the Philippines reported attempting suicide. Suicide attempts were also associated with current physical IPV in the Philippines, Egypt, and India, and with psychological violence in Egypt and India.

IPV is a significant risk factor for poor mental health in these developing countries. Efforts to reduce IPV should be considered as part of a mental health program.     

高职院校新生心理健康状况的调查与教育对策——以安徽商贸职业技术学院为例

采用《大学生人格健康调查表》对安徽商贸职业技术学院2011级新生进行心理健康普查，结果表明：有55．58％的学生目前心理健康状态较好；26．5％的学生存在心理困惑；17．92％的学生可能存在严重的心理问题。这些心理问题集中表现为偏执或强迫状态，人际交往困扰，抑郁状态及情绪和意志问题等。对此，心育工作应采取以下对策：及时干预辅导，保证心育工作的实效性；丰富教育形式，促进心育工作的有效性；夯实师资队伍，提高心育工作的专业性。     

对当代大学生成长的思考

大学是人生的一个新起点,是大学生成长、成才的摇篮。如何度过这黄金般的宝贵年华,如何对待和规划自己的大学生活,将影响到毕业后大相经庭的人生之路。要正确认识大学生活对人生发展的意义,明确大学生活的特点和成长规律,并对大学生的成长教育提出建议,如明确学习目标,努力锻炼自己,学会与人相处,关注心理健康,树立健康的恋爱观和恰当的人生目标等。     

国内外生活方式研究的新进展

随着人们生活水平的普遍提高,对生活方式的研究也成为流行病学、社会医学和社会学等领域的研究热点。目前国内对生活方式的内涵、类型和结构还未有统一的认识,但普遍认为生活方式是一个内涵丰富、结构复杂的概念,对其测量大多采用《生活方式量表》和《生活方式自评量表》。国外对生活方式的研究主要集中在特色人群的生活方式、肥胖与生活方式的关系、生活方式病的治疗和预防、生活质量等。国内主要关注学生体质及生活方式的影响、生活方式对成年人体质状况的影响、体育生活方式与体质和健康的影响、亚健康问题、健康生活方式与身心健康的关系等。但目前还存在着实证研究少、研究对象和工具局限、心理学视角研究较少等不足。应通过实证研究,深入探讨生活方式与体质或健康的关系、健全人格与健康生活方式的关系、生活方式与经济发展和健身条件的关系等。     

北京老年人健康纵向（1992—1997）观察

利用1992年和1997年对北京市城区、近、远郊县数千名55岁以上居民的调查资料,对比分析了他们的躯体和心理健康状况,以及不同健康状况与死亡发生的关系.     

Strengthening the voice of mental health service users and carers in Wales: a focus group study to inform future policy

Improving the mental health of the people in Wales lies at the heart of the Welsh Assembly Government's public health agenda and the current reforms of the National Health Service in Wales. However, relative to its importance as a health problem, spending on mental health is disproportionately low. Statutory authorities in Wales highlight the importance of listening to, and learning from, service users and carers. This is seen as a way of improving services within the limited funding that is available. The aims of this study were to describe the ways in which mental health service users and carers are currently involved in mental health services across Wales; and to consider the need for an all‐Wales mental health service user and carer ‘national mechanism’ to promote genuine partnership. Eight focus groups were held across Wales attended by mental health service users and carers. There is a clear picture of the level and nature of participation, evidence of good practice and user and carer based aspirations for future participation. There is an untapped source of energy and experience that could help transform mental health services for the good of all. To ignore this would be to miss an opportunity to improve the quality of care for all those dependent upon these services, both patients and carers.     

Does strategic involvement of mental health service users and carers in the planning,design and commissioning of mental health services lead to better outcomes?

There is an assumption, explicit in the current government policy, that involvement of mental health service users and carers in the planning, design and commissioning of mental health services will lead to better outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine evidence from board‐level participation of service users and carers that might support this assumption. A thematic analysis of documents generated by a strategic Lancashire Mental Health and Social Care Partnership during 2007 was undertaken. Themes for the analysis were generated from priorities identified from a postal survey of mental health services users from across Lancashire. The findings indicate that whilst service user and carer involvement is a high priority, the Lancashire Partnership spent most of its time discussing process and actions. Where service user involvement resulted in better outcomes, these improved outcomes were limited to the individual service users involved, rather than better outcomes for all service users. Whilst the membership of mental health service users and carers on the Lancashire Partnership Board presents a visible commitment from senior officers and may confer greater legitimacy to the decisions made by the Lancashire Partnership, service users and carers do not appear to play the desired instrumental role. Rather, their presence may be largely symbolic. This sends out the message across the health and social care system that partnership with service users and carers and their empowerment is important and has the potential to evolve further.     

“New Normal” implications for global talent in the wake of economic nationalism and slowdown

As a result of global economies' protectionist policies, followed by economic nationalism and a downturn, there is a shortage of talent with the requisite skills, knowledge, and abilities to meet the contingencies amid COVID-19. The recent developments have necessitated multinational businesses to manage their talent in a new international business context. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of the “New Normal” for global talent which is manifested by economic nationalism and slowdown. This study used an inductive method to qualitative research, conducted in-depth interviews with 28 top executives from multinational corporations. The implications for the global talent emerged from the current study as skill enhancement based on the emerged business model; training and development pertinent to new responsibilities and activities; adaptability to changes in the macroenvironment; emphasis on employee proactivity, experimentation, and risk-taking; emphasis on hyperspecialization to take on contract positions; global talent needs to participate in remote learning; global talent must emphasize on mental health issues; and registering in talent exchange programs to fill talent skill shortages.     

Teaching Business Ethics in UK Higher Education: Progress and Prospects

A large proportion of students in UK highereducation now study business and management. Although universities might be expected to aimto produce well-rounded graduates, there hasbeen a perception that business schools havetended to take a narrow view of businessstudies, paying little attention to ethicalissues. However, recently there have been somesigns of change. A survey was thereforeconducted to investigate the teaching ofbusiness ethics at both undergraduate andpostgraduate levels in the UK. Althoughprovision is still on a limited scale, signs ofgrowth are evident, with a significantproportion of institutions offering at leastsome business ethics teaching, either within a``mainstream' subject or as a separate module. This provision was reported as being wellreceived by students, but several challengesfor the future were identified, including thesupply of suitably qualified lecturers and theavailability of non-US case study material. The findings provide a baseline for trackingthe future development of business ethics inthe UK. Several suggestions for furtherresearch are also made.     

高校班主任开展心理健康教育工作探析

学生心理健康全面发展是高校班主任工作的重点。文章探讨了班主任开展心理健康教育工作的重要性,分析了班主任开展心理健康教育工作的局限性,以及采取了相应措施,促进学生心理健康发展。     

Use of mental models and cognitive maps to understand students’ learning challenges

Mental models and cognitive maps have been used in college business education as an instructional design technique, assessment tool, and learning strategy. The authors propose a novel use of mental models and cognitive maps as a device to elicit students’ challenges in learning the domain knowledge of a course. Such usage is illustrated in a management information systems course. This student-focused approach can help instructor to better understand students’ learning challenges and enhance teaching effectiveness.     

老年人心理健康影响因素的调查研究——从人格特征与应对方式二因素分析

人格特征和应对方式对老年人心理健康具有重要影响。采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、应对方式问卷和心理健康症状自评量表(SCL-90),对老年人人格特征、应对方式和心理健康作了问卷调查。人格特征对老年人心理健康具有直接的影响作用。外向型性格有利于老年人心理健康,神经质性格不利于老年人心理健康;人格特征还通过应对方式对老年人心理健康具有间接的影响作用。外向型性格老年人常用求助的应对方式,它更有利于心理健康,神经质性格老年人常用自责的应对方式,它更不利于心理健康。     

Ethical behavior perceptions in Russia: Do ethics-related programs and individual characteristics matter?

This paper aims to analyze how individual differences and ethics-related programs predict Russian business students and working adults' perception of personal business ethics. This research evaluates the business ethics perceptions based on surveys of 1,207 managers, employees, and business students in Russia. This study finds the significant correlations between individual differences (gender, age, education level, and management experience), ethics-related programs (business ethics courses taught in universities, ethics and diversity professional development training), and personal business ethics' perceptions of Russian business students and working adults. We also find that individual differences moderate the relationship between ethics-related programs and how the personal business ethics of Russian business students and working adults are perceived. These findings advance current literature by revealing that age moderates the relationship between ethics-related programs (formal ethic courses, ethics, and diversity trainings) and personal ethical behavior perceptions of working adults and business students in Russia. Our study found that gender had a significant positive moderating effect on relationship of organizational code of ethics, formal ethic courses, and diversity professional development with personal ethical behavior perceptions. The relation between personal ethical behavior perceptions and the presence of an organizational code of ethics was negative and marginally moderated by age and managerial experience. This study contributes to business ethics research by deepening the understanding of the impact of individual differences on the relationship between ethics-related programs and personal business ethics' perceptions.     

团体辅导在大学生情绪调适及灾后心理援助中的应用研究

团体心理辅导近年来广泛地运用于学校心理健康教育及灾难事件发生后的心理援助,其中情绪调适团体辅导是重要内容之一。我校运用认知行为疗法理论设计的情绪调适团体辅导方案,从情绪体验、认知建构、行为训练和评估反馈等方面进行应用实施,在各类大学生群体情绪调适和灾后心理援助中都收到了较好的效果。     

Justifying Deviant Behavior: The Role of Attributions and Moral Emotions

We present two studies investigating the impact of causal perceptions and the moral emotions of anger, shame, and guilt on the justification of deviant workplace behavior. Study 1 tests our conceptual framework using a sample of undergraduate business students; Study 2 examines a population of practicing physicians. Results varied significantly between the two samples, suggesting that individual and contextual factors play an important role in shaping the perceptual and emotional processes by which individuals form reactions to undesirable affective workplace events. Implications of these findings for the study of ethics, emotions, and attributions, as well as for promoting ethical behavior, are discussed.     

Are Business Students Prepared for the World of Business? Self‐interest,Conformity and Conflict Styles

While conflict management is a central capability in the business world, it gets relatively little attention in most business schools. In a study of undergraduate and graduate students at a Canadian university, we investigate the roles personal values play in the relationship between majoring in business and students' conflict management propensities. We find that business students hold more narrowly self‐interested, as well as more conformist and traditionalist, values than students in other disciplines, with the implication that business students may be more prone to conflict avoidance and less likely than other students to engage with conflict collaboratively. We discuss both self‐selection and socialization as possible explanations, and the implication this has for business education and curriculum development.     

Using humour to increase effectiveness of shameful health issue advertising: testing the effects of health worry level

ABSTRACT

Communicating shame-inducing health issue information is a challenging task as the feelings of shame might elicit withdrawal and avoidance coping, leading to delay in health screening and treatment. With the cognitive and emotional buffering benefits, using humour as a message strategy might help increase approach coping. Real-world ad campaigns dealing with these health issues have been using humour as an advertising tool, and with the lack of humour effects research in health communication, this is a pending topic to pursue. Given that past studies have found health worry to be a significant contributing factor in health behaviours, the audience factor of the individual's general health worry level is investigated. Three experimental studies provide evidence to humour benefitting low health-worry-level individuals in lower shame contexts and high health-worry-level individuals in higher shame contexts. Theoretical and practical implications provide the significance of the findings.