基于环境经济效益的旅游开发区投资决策分析

旅游业在给人们带来丰厚收益的同时,也对环境产生不利影响。旅游开发区内的环境经济效益,是旅游业生存和发展的基础。环境经济效益分析中影响因素较多,基于旅游资源开发主体——水域的环境脆弱性,运用环境经济学、技术经济学、现代数学等有关理论和方法,以某旅游开发区为实例,说明费用——效益分析方法在评价水域旅游开发区环境经济效益的有效性。     

Real estate sentiment as information for REIT bond pricing

For corporate bond investors, credit ratings have been found to be informationally insufficient due to their limited timeliness and accuracy. This paper investigates the information content of forward-looking commercial real estate investor sentiment for pricing decisions of US REIT bond investors. Using an unbalanced panel data-set for the post-crisis period (2010–2013) and Prais–Winsten regression correcting for contemporaneous and serial correlation, sentiment is found to have a negative effect on REIT bond yields irrespective of S&P index inclusion or credit rating. The effect of sentiment, however, is larger for REITs that are not included in S&P indices than for S&P REITs. Explanations for this finding include institutional investor and REIT characteristics.     

基于模糊经济计算的自来水厂PPP项目投资决策研究

水是城市生活的重要资源,会对居民的生活产生一定影响。城市自来水厂具有一定的公益性质,其经济利益具有一定的限制,再加上部分城市存在不同程度的财政困难,使得自来水厂存在资金短缺的现象,无法满足正常运营需要。因此,为更好地适应市场经济发展,促进自来水厂的长期稳定,需要依靠资本的投资。在建设及运营期间,自来水厂项目具有诸多不确定性,利用传统的投资决策模型无法充分考虑项目的不确定性,可能会直接影响投资决策的可靠性和科学性。在工程经济模糊计算的基础上,构建基于模糊经济计算的自来水厂投资决策模型,以研究自来水厂PPP项目投资决策。通过实例计算可知,模糊工程经济方法具有处理此类不确定性问题的适用性和有效性,能为投资者提供项目收益的多种可能性,帮助投资者降低投资风险。     

Investment in site-specific crop management under uncertainty: implications for nitrogen pollution control and environmental policy

This paper applies an option‐pricing model to analyze the impact of uncertainty about output prices and expectations of declining fixed costs on the optimal timing of investment in site‐specific crop management (SSCM). It also analyzes the extent to which the level of spatial variability in soil conditions can mitigate the value of waiting to invest in SSCM and influence the optimal timing of adoption and create a preference for custom hiring rather than owner purchase of equipment. Numerical simulations show that while the net present value (NPV) rule predicts that immediate adoption is profitable under most of the soil conditions considered here, recognition of the option value of investment indicates that it is preferable to delay investment in SSCM for at least 3 years unless average soil quality is high and the variability in soil quality and fertility is high. The use of the option value approach reveals that the value of waiting to invest in SSCM raises the cost‐share subsidy rates required to induce immediate adoption above the levels indicated by the NPV rule.     

Measuring farm productivity under production uncertainty

This research introduces a novel empirical application to the assessment of farm productivity growth. While the existing research on productivity change has primarily focussed on ex post output observations, it has been shown that ignoring production uncertainty can lead to unreliable results. Using a state-contingent framework to represent the stochastic production environment, we extend the recent line of research that merged the state-contingent approach and efficiency measurement to productivity change using the Malmquist and Luenberger productivity indices. Using a balanced panel of 117 arable crop farms surveyed in 2011 and 2015, we show through the study results that productivity decreased, with technological regress being the major source of productivity change. Differences in productivity change between nonstochastic and stochastic modelling show the relevance to consider the state-contingent framework when assessing farms' productivity.     

Towards a theory of policy timing*

The article presents a theory of policy timing that relies on uncertainty and transaction costs to explain the optimal timing and duration of policy reforms. Delaying reforms resolves some uncertainty by gaining valuable information and saves transaction costs. Implementing reforms without waiting increases welfare by adjusting domestic policies to changed market parameters. Optimal policy timing is found by balancing the trade‐off between delaying reforms and implementing reforms without waiting. Our theory offers an explanation of why countries differ with respect to the length of their policy reforms and why applied studies often judge agricultural policies to be inefficient when actually they may not be.     

Investment planning under uncertainty and flexibility: the case of a purchasable sales contract*

Investment decisions are not only characterised by irreversibility and uncertainty but also by flexibility with regard to the timing of the investment. This paper describes how stochastic simulation can be successfully integrated into a backward recursive programming approach in the context of flexible investment planning. We apply this hybrid approach to a marketing question from primary production which can be viewed as an investment problem: should grain farmers purchase sales contracts which guarantee fixed product prices over the next 10 years? The model results support the conclusion from dynamic investment theory that it is essential to take simultaneously account of uncertainty and flexibility.     

基于主成分分析和德尔菲法的房地产投资环境综合评价体系

研究目的：选用22个主要省会城市的统计数据,确定合理的房地产投资环境评价指标,构建房地产投资环境综合评价体系。研究方法：主成分分析法和德尔菲法。研究结果：从城市宏观经济、房地产市场、基础设施和区位条件4方面初选房地产投资环境评价指标,利用主成分分析法对样本城市的投资环境优劣进行分析,剔除导致排序结果偏差的指标,避免了评价指标选择的盲目性;采用德尔菲法确定各指标权重,建立房地产投资环境的多指标综合评价公式,以此计算22个城市房地产投资环境的综合得分,其排名符合实际情况。研究结论：所构建的房地产投资环境综合评价体系具有较强的逻辑性,评价方法简洁高效,具有良好的应用价值。