转型经济下企业家制度能力对民营企业成长的作用机理

以吉利集团和横店集团为案例,分析企业家制度能力对民营企业成长的作用机理。案例研究发现,企业家制度能力是民营企业家实施制度创新并作用于企业成长的能力依托。企业家外部制度能力通过突破规制性制度壁垒为民营企业获取规制合法性,企业家内部制度能力通过改革企业产权制度和职能管理制度为民营企业提高内部管理效率,两者共同促进民营企业成长。     

制度理论与高阶理论整合视角下创业制度环境如何影响企业创新绩效

转型经济下企业创新绩效差异不仅来源于创业制度环境,而且受到高层管理者心智模式的影响。为探讨创业制度环境对企业创新绩效的作用机制,对制度理论和高阶理论进行整合,引入创业导向作为中介变量,CEO自恋作为调节变量。运用问卷调查法对北京、吉林、甘肃、重庆、山西和福建等地385家高新技术企业进行实证分析,结果表明：在创业制度环境对企业创新绩效的影响过程中,创业导向起显著中介作用;CEO自恋在创业制度环境与创业导向之间发挥正向调节作用,并正向调节创业导向在创业制度环境与创新绩效之间的中介作用。相关结论丰富了制度理论和高阶理论研究成果,可为企业提升创新绩效提供借鉴。     

战略导向对外部创新搜索策略的影响——基于港资企业的实证研究

从战略管理的视角出发,基于对东莞170家港资企业的调查数据,实证研究了两种最重要的战略导向——市场导向和创业导向对外部创新搜索宽度和深度的影响。研究发现:对于创新基础薄弱的港资企业,市场导向和创业导向对其外部创新搜索宽度策略选择和深度策略选择的影响方向没有差异,两种战略导向均要求企业增大外部创新搜索的宽度和深度。     

创业导向对创新绩效的影响:顾客授权与开放式创新视角

开放经济下企业往往利用开放式创新范式进行技术创新。从开放式理论视角探讨创业导向对创新绩效的作用机制,重点探讨顾客授权的调节作用。以开放式创新为中介变量,以顾客授权为调节变量,构建一个被调节的中介作用模型。采用259家制造业企业的调查问卷数据检验研究假设,结果表明:开放式创新部分中介了创业导向与创新绩效间关系,顾客授权正向调节创业导向与开放式创新间关系以及开放式创新与创新绩效间关系,顾客授权与创新绩效呈正相关关系。最后,提出了管理建议和未来研究方向。     

Strategic networks and new product performance: the mediating role of ambidextrous innovation

In this study we examine the relationship between strategic networks and new product performance from the perspective of ambidextrous innovation (i.e. combining exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation) using a sample of 323 manufacturing firms in the transitional economy of China. Our empirical analyses present several interesting findings: (a) strategic networks are positively related to firms’ new product performance; (b) ambidextrous innovation has a positive effect on firms’ new product performance – that is, the combination of exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation positively affects the firm's new product performance, while the lack of balance between exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation negatively affects the firm's new product performance; and (c) ambidextrous innovation mediates the relationship between strategic networks and new product performance. Our findings provide scholars and managers with a better understanding of the key role played by the simultaneous adoption of exploratory and exploitative innovation in the relationship between strategic networks and new product performance.     

机构投资者对新创企业绩效的影响：一个被调节的中介模型

机构投资者能够改善企业治理效果,进而积极影响企业绩效,但该类研究都是基于成熟企业情境,未考虑新创企业情境的特殊性。基于新创企业研究情境,构建一个被调节的中介模型,从战略决策视角探讨机构投资者、创业导向及环境动态性对企业绩效的影响。结果表明,机构投资者显著抑制企业创业导向;创业导向正向影响企业绩效;创业导向在机构投资者与企业绩效之间发挥中介作用。研究还发现,环境动态性不仅负向调节创业导向与企业绩效的关系,还正向调节创业导向在机构投资者与企业绩效关系中的中介作用。研究结论有助于深入理解机构投资者影响企业绩效的作用机理及边界条件。     

Which factors hinder the adoption of open innovation in SMEs?

The literature on open innovation (OI) is characterised by studies based both on large companies and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Among all, one of the less explored issues in SMEs is what impedes them to adopt OI. Thus, this paper has the threefold objective to identify which factors hinder the adoption of OI in SMEs, to investigate if different behaviours exist among SMEs in relation to these factors, and to understand if the same factors effectively influence the level of adoption of OI. Based on a survey on 157 Italian SMEs, we identified four main barriers (namely, ‘knowledge’, ‘collaboration’, ‘organisational’, and ‘financial and strategic’) and three profiles of firms, different in terms of innovativeness of the industries they belong to (knowledge intensive, medium-innovative, and less innovative) and hampering factors perceived (‘knowledge’, ‘financial and strategic’, and ‘collaboration’ and ‘organisational’ barriers). Moreover, we found that some of these factors effectively impede the adoption of the paradigm.     

Integration,Diversity, Plurality: Territorial Governance and the Reconstruction of Legitimacy in a European ‘Postnational’ State

This article deals with the European ‘legitimacy crisis’ from a neglected perspective, looking at ‘Europe’ not primarily as a set of formal (or formalisable) institutions, but rather as an emergent, policy-driven institutional construct. In this perspective, European integration may be very much seen as the outcome of the policies that are enacted in the European supra-national arena as well as of the way such policies are continuously reinterpreted, renegotiated and re-enacted in the different arenas of its multi-level polity. What is at stake in adopting a policy approach to the European legitimacy issue is, hence, a critical appraisal of development of processes of ‘institutionalisation of Europe’ that range far beyond issues of constitutional design. A crucial consequence is the need to ‘spatialise’ discourse on European reforms. The conclusion is a plea for an integration model for Europe not only constitutionally respectful of diversity, but constitutively enhancing diversity, and for an approach to policy reforms acting upon a ‘political geography of differences’.     

财富、权利与声望:民营企业家行动的制度分析与实证研究

本文从制度理论视角分析了民营企业家的政治身份与慈善行为及其背后的逻辑。企业家政治身份有助于企业获得制度层面的合法性以及资源。行业、地区制度环境差异显著影响企业家政治身份;企业规模作为一种经济权利,企业慈善作为一种声望资本,都有助于企业家获取政治身份。企业家的慈善行为可以被视为由经济动机驱动的去获取规范合法性以赢得利益相关者认可和良好声誉的战略性行动。民营企业家制度行动促使财富、权利和声望产生互动,这些行动已经超越了仅仅是获取合法性的象征性行动,而是能带来有效资源的实质性行动。     

The determinants of firms’ global diversification decisions

Why do some firms choose to be ‘born global’ and become early internationalizing firms (EIFs) while others choose to be ‘born-again global’ and develop into late internationalizing firms (LIFs)? What are the main factors impacting a firm’s decision on the timing of global diversification? Based on the theories of diversification, this study examines the role of peer influence and desire for growth on the timing of a firm’s globalization decision. We further study the idiosyncratic risk and the adoption of technological innovation hypotheses on global diversification. Our results document that innovation efficiency strongly enhances EIFs’ propensity to global diversification. On the other hand, peer pressure and idiosyncratic risk level significantly influence EIFs not to globalize. In contrast, LIFs are positively influenced by their industry peers, showing how young and mature companies respond to the market competition in a different manner.     

制造企业绿色创新对政府支持的影响机制——合法性的中介作用

利用新制度主义理论，通过对284家非国有制造企业的问卷调查，采用多元回归分析方法，探讨了制造企业绿色创新对政府支持的影响机制，以及合法性在其中的中介作用。在此基础上，进一步分样本分析了政治关联和所处行业竞争强度在制造企业绿色创新与政府支持关系中的作用机制。研究发现，制造企业绿色创新有助于企业获得政府支持，且合法性在其中发挥了中介作用；在没有政治关联及处于高强度竞争行业的情况下，制造企业绿色创新通过合法性影响政府支持的效应更强。运用新制度主义理论中的合法性观点，将制造企业绿色创新视为一种获得政府支持的战略，将绿色创新后果的研究从企业经济绩效层面拓展到企业与政府关系层面，不仅跳出了学术界关于制造企业绿色创新能否提升经济绩效的争论，也为更好地理解制造企业绿色创新动力提供了一种新思路。     

Technology innovation and entrepreneurial state: the development of China's high-speed rail industry

China proactively promotes indigenous technology innovation towards developing an innovation-based economy. This contradicts the developmental state literature that puts emphasis on technology imitation. Drawn from the strategic entrepreneurship perspective, this article explores the role of the government in China's technology innovation process. Carrying out a case study in the high-speed rail (HSR) industry, it suggests that it is best to understand the Chinese government as an entrepreneur in moving China's HSR industry towards technology innovation-driven development, through three dimensions of state-led strategic entrepreneurship: alertness to opportunities, resource exploration and consolidation, and strategic learning. This article highlights the importance of strategic entrepreneurship to the government in an emerging economy context and contributes to the literature by building a conceptual framework of ‘entrepreneurial state’.     

中国制造企业创新战略变革模式选择——基于战略三角框架的模糊集定性比较分析

数字经济时代数字技术与实体经济深度融合,中国制造企业面临通过战略变革实现创新发展的机遇和挑战。囿于理论视角和研究方法,现有研究难以指导管理者实现有效的战略变革。鉴于此,立足战略三角框架,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法（fsQCA）,基于2018年中国A股上市制造企业样本数据,检验政府效率、创新创业活跃度、过往绩效、控股股东性质、市场竞争度与战略变革幅度6项条件对创新绩效的组态效应。结果表明：战略变革不构成高创新绩效的必要条件,不同制度情境下企业应依据组织要素特征选择战略变革模式。4种组态能够引致高创新绩效：高政府效率、非高创新创业活跃度环境下高绩效国企宜实施回避式战略变革;高政府效率、高创新创业活跃度环境下高绩效民企应实施妥洽式战略变革;高政府效率、高创新创业活跃度环境下非高绩效国企宜实施转向式战略变革;非高政府效率、非高创新创业活跃度环境下非高绩效企业应进行复兴式战略变革。     

互联网创业身份的构建——基于众筹数据的实证检验

如何构建一个恰如其分的创业身份以应对“求同还是存异”的两难困境,从而吸引大众投资者的支持,是互联网众筹创业情境下至关重要的研究议题。本文基于最优区分理论的多维协奏视角,区分了创业者身份相似性和创业项目独特性,并将大众投资者的决策过程区分为投资意愿和投资规模决策阶段,构建了大众投资者评估最优区分创业身份的两阶段模型,得出如下结论：在同一阶段内,创业者身份和创业项目身份两个维度表现为一致性的交互协奏模式,而跨阶段时则表现为互补性的交互协奏模式。最优区分创业身份的构建是通过跨越不同阶段、不同结构维度达成的,具体表现为：在投资意愿决策阶段,传达较高程度的创业身份相似性;在投资规模决策阶段,传达中等程度的创业项目独特性。本研究进一步丰富了最优区分理论多维协奏模式的研究,也为互联网创业提供了创业身份构建的最优区分模式借鉴。     

Sources of strategic fit in high-tech firms

This study analyses the concept of strategic fit as a factor explaining organisational performance. We propose that strategic fit should include aspects of environment perception as well as the gap between planning processes and strategic implementation. Studying the firm's capacity to reduce this gap, we identify various organisational capabilities and analyse their relationships. Through managers’ responses from a sample of firms in European high-technology sectors, we find sufficient empirical evidence to affirm that strategic fit facilitates improvement in organisational performance. We also observe that strategic flexibility, real options and organisational learning are sources of strategic fit. So-called learning organisations facilitate generation of options that give the organisation the strategic flexibility needed to achieve fit with the environment. Strategic flexibility is defined in both the adaptive and anticipative sense. Our article thus offers a new perspective to contribute to better understanding of strategic fit and its antecedents.     

智力资本视角下创业企业创新竞争力关键影响要素研究

在双创背景下，我国创业企业数量与日俱增的同时也伴随着极高的创业失败率。创业企业通过创新获得竞争力，既是自身生存的前提，也是关系到整个国民经济活力的重要课题。基于智力资本视角，归纳了创业企业创新竞争力影响要素。通过对260位创业者及创业团队成员的问卷调查，发现人力资本是创业企业创新竞争力的最关键要素，其中创业者战略领导力、创新精神以及团队凝聚力的作用尤为突出。数据显示，不同行业、不同年龄、不同规模的创业企业，其创新竞争力的关键影响要素存在差异。相较于服务业，制造业创业企业与投资者的关系更加关键。成立时间较长、规模较大的创业企业，其关键要素除人力资本外，结构资本中的激励制度、研发产出以及社会资本中的竞争环境因素也不容忽视。     

The effect of competence exploration and competence exploitation on strategic entrepreneurship

Strategic entrepreneurship captures firms’ efforts to simultaneously excel at opportunity seeking and advantage seeking. But little research exists into mechanisms that might facilitate strategic entrepreneurship. Drawing on the twin concepts of competence exploration and competence exploitation, we study their effects on strategic entrepreneurship. Theoretically, the entrepreneurial components of strategic entrepreneurship (an entrepreneurial mindset and creating innovation) should benefit from competence exploration while its strategic components (managing resources strategically and executing competitive advantages) should benefit from competence exploitation, but not vice-versa. Our findings, however, suggest that this theoretical dichotomy does not hold up in practice.     

制度落差影响跨国公司逆向知识转移的系统动力学研究——合法性与效率的逻辑

随着地位提升和角色转变,东道国子公司向母公司进行的逆向知识转移得到越来越多学者关注,而现有文献未能从制度落差视角展开分析,也缺乏采用系统动力学方法的考察。鉴于此,在将制度落差分为制度顺差和制度逆差的基础上,依据合法性和效率两种逻辑,采用系统动力学方法,构建制度顺差和制度逆差影响跨国公司逆向知识转移的因果关系模型及系统流图。由此,依据方程设计,对系统动力学模型进行仿真检验,并调整制度顺差和制度逆差数值进行灵敏度检验。结果表明,制度顺差和制度逆差对跨国公司逆向知识转移的影响分别遵循合法性和效率逻辑;制度顺差不利于合法性导向型子公司向母公司进行逆向知识转移;制度逆差有利于效率导向型子公司向母公司进行逆向知识转移。     

Linking organisational critical activities with business typology

This research aims to discover the connection between strategic typologies and organisational critical activities, and focuses on the organisational critical activities in three functional areas in high-tech organisations: ‘research and development’, ‘marketing’ and ‘manufacturing’. Research methods used include semi-structured interviews with 11 firms and 15 interviewees. And 34 participants were surveyed with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) questionnaires in Taiwan. The results show that organisations adopt different typologies tend to perform organisational critical activities differently to achieve success. Prospectors place more emphasis on ‘research and development’ related activities, Defenders focus on activities of ‘manufacturing and production related fields’, and Analysers care more about activities in ‘marketing related fields’. Defenders tend to pay more attention to activities relating to the manufacturing domain than Prospectors and Analysers. This research establishes a linkage between organisational critical activities and corporate strategy, and it could be useful for high-tech organisations to better manage their strategies.     

How technology policy facilitates technology diffusion and improves firm capability: a dynamic survey from a network perspective

Strategic alliances have been regarded as a potent tool of technology policy for the advancement of research and development (R&D) in developing countries. However, the effectiveness of this ‘visible hand’ has not been dynamically understood as a useful means of building up firm capability. To see how strategic alliances help small-sized firms improve their competitive advantage, this research investigates a government-supported strategic alliance for technology development. Using a two-stage model from the network perspective and methodology, the results show that via a government-sponsored strategic alliance, the network factors embedded in the alliance significantly help the firm develop a competitive advantage by facilitating technology diffusion among alliance members and improved firm-level technology capability. Thus, technology policy in the form of strategic alliances appears to serve as a ‘visible hand’ that homogenously upgrades firm technology capability and diffuses technology.