公司社区治理机制与转轨中的日本公司治理结构

日本公司的董事会没有起到应有的作用,公司社区治理机制在很大程度上替代了董事会在公司治理中的作用。公司社区治理机制存在的一个基本前提是企业必须实行终身雇佣制。在经济衰退阶段,终身雇佣体制面临解体的威胁,削弱了公司社区在公司治理中的作用。为此,日本近来在公司治理结构发生一些变化,重新修改公司法,重构董事会,引入外部董事,但日本公司治理结构的发展趋向仍具有相当大的不确定性。     

日本传统文化对公司管理的影响

日本公司治理特征的形成与日本传统文化有很大的关系,而基于日本传统文化的日本式管理形态对公司治理也有着不可忽视的影响。日本式公司经营及其形成的文化背景带有江户共同体色彩。日本公司治理和日本的传统概念有密切的关系,尤其是对职工的重视反映了日本公司共同体的概念。日本型资本主义也可称为东洋型封建资本主义。     

日本公司治理平成改革评析

在日本公司治理领域同时存在着"重视企业(生产者)"的真实原则与"重视股东"的表面原则。日本公司治理平成改革第一阶段表现出的推动"重视股东"的"符合国际标准"的公司治理改革目标与制度安排的部分脱节与矛盾,及第二阶段反映出的推动"进攻型"公司治理改革的政策逻辑缺陷,正是日本"重视股东"的表面原则与"重视企业"的真实原则在公司治理平成改革中的映射。认识到日本公司治理原则的两面性,不仅有利于揭示日本公司治理实践中"内部人控制"长期存在的制度性因素,而且对解释日本经济现象、企业制度、组织行为的特征化事实具有重要的意义。     

交叉持股的变化与日本公司治理改革

交叉持股是战后日本企业规避国内外敌对接管收购的防御性安排。作为日本公司治理模式的重要特征之一,它是主银行融资监控主导地位、企业内部经营阶层和雇员长期雇佣体制、经营决策侧重长期目标的基础。但自上个世纪90年代以来,银行陷入坏帐危机,企业经营出现困境,这些都暴露出日式公司治理模式存在的问题。拆除以银行为核心的交叉持股的关系资本结构成为日本公司治理改革的主要内容。     

日本公司治理的特点及对改善我国公司治理结构的启示

<正>一、日本公司治理模式的特点日本公司由于其独特的法人相互持股和主银行制的股权结构而使其公司监控模式呈现出不同于美国公司的特点。1.大股东的监控相当有效日本为了克服股权高度分散条件下股东的监督动机被削弱的弊端,实行“法人持股”,即企业相互持股制度及以银行     

日本公司董事会改革现状研究

日本模式的公司治理机制一直是企业界和经济学界所关心的内容。泡沫经济崩溃以后，日本经济陷入长期萧条，出于内部和外部的压力，日本企业不得不对其治理机制进行改革，董事会改革是其重要组成部分。日本企业董事会改革的措施主要包括董事会规模的缩减、外部董事的启用等。然而日本企业推动的董事会改革具有不彻底性．     

21世纪日本公司治理结构的变革趋势

日本经济萧条巳历经10年之久，各种景气对策难有作为。造成日本景气对策收效甚微的原因何在?—个隐藏在其背后的深层次原因就是，由于新的博奕者的出现，使日本现有的主银行相机治理结构已经难以满足现代市场竞争的要求，要使日本的经济重新焕发生机，就要大胆地对银行和企业进行结构重组．日本公司治理结构变革的趋势应是在导入英美治理模式的同时，继续保持日本原有的内部管理型制度。     

中日公司内部治理结构的比较分析

中日两国无论是文化渊源，历史传统，还是价值观念，社会习俗方面，都有很相近之处，这种相似的社会文化背景必然反映到两国的公司制度的内容和特征之一，我国现代企业制度正在构建和完善之中，认真分析日本企业制度的特征，特别是对比分析两国在公司治理结构方面的共性和个性，将会发现日本公司独特的内部治理结构，确有许多值得我们借鉴和学习的地方。     

国有商业银行公司治理结构存在的问题与解决对策

在中国人民银行制定的《股份制商业银行公司治理指引》中，商业银行公司治理是指建立以股东大会、董事会、监事会、高级管理层等机构为主体的组织架构和保证各机构独立运作、有效制衡的制度安排．以及建立科学、高效的决策、激励和约束机制。现行的国有银行公司治理模式，仍存在着很多问题。作为改革中重中之重的公司治理的改造，也自然而然地肩负起了振兴我国金融业发展的历史使命。     

基子中国文化的公司治理

中国上市公司虽然建立了相应制度，却是问题不断。本文通过分析美国和日本的文化与公司治理间的联系，论证了传统文化影响着公司治理，分析了中国传统文化的特点及封公司治理的影响，提倡建立基于中国文化的公司治理模式。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.     

我国发展天文旅游的条件、前景探析及策略思考

天文旅游资源从成因可以分为行星地球天文旅游资源、天体天文旅游资源和天文文化旅游资源三类。天文旅游方兴未艾,我国天文旅游具有很大发展前景。文章对我国开展天文旅游的条件进行了分析,对发展天文旅游的策略和措施进行了梳理。     

城市社会的开放与农民的城市化

城市社会在对农民的开放与封闭之中徘徊。改革开放后城市社会对农民的开放已经使很多农民城市化。城市社会对农民的封闭已由政策性封闭转向经济性封闭。城市社会对农民的封闭增加了农民城市化的成本和社会风险。必须加强城市社会对农民的开放,逐步消除对农民的封闭政策,以推进农民的城市化。     

信息化时代商学院图书馆的建设与发展——中、美四大名校商学院图书馆建设的比较与启示

信息化时代中美商学院图书馆的建设与发展,成为当今时代高等商学教育发展与进步的一个重要环节,对中美四大商学院图书馆的发展状况、差距进行分析比较,对促进我国商学院图书馆事业的改革、建设和发展具有一定的启示作用和参考价值。