中国IPO承销保荐费用影响因素分析

本文以我国股票发行实行保荐制后的承销保荐费用为研究对象，从承销商的声誉、企业质量,IPO本身情况三方面考察承销保荐费用的影响因素，发现我国企业IPO过程中规模经济普遍存在，新股定价水平与承销保荐费率高低成正比，而企业基本面信息、承销商声誉的影响则不显著。     

风险资本、承销商声誉与创业板IPO定价效率

文章利用创业板2009—2015年上市公司数据,在区分一级和二级市场的基础上,实证检验了风险资本、承销商声誉对IPO定价效率的影响。研究发现:一级市场上风险资本持股比例能显著削弱IPO定价效率,说明在我国"追求声誉假说"比"认证假说"对IPO定价效率的影响更大,而这一关系在二级市场中并不成立;一级市场上风险资本的声誉越高,IPO定价效率越高,而二级市场上的结论则相反;一级市场上高声誉的承销商能削弱风险资本持股比例与IPO定价效率之间的负相关关系,但二级市场上并没有得到类似结论。总之,风险资本和承销商声誉对IPO定价效率的影响在一级和二级市场上不同,这一结论有助于我们更好地理解创业板一级、二级市场的定价效率。     

新股发行市场的审计师选择——来自2006年—2008年的数据

信号传递理论认为,在有效市场的条件下,IPO市场中审计师选择可以作为信号传递机制,降低发行企业和投资者之间的信息不对称程度.在我国实施股权分置改革以及证券发行保荐制的背景下,通过考察我国审计师声誉和IPO企业特征之间的关系后发现,股权分置改革和证券发行制度的市场化改革增加了对高质量审计的需求,事前风险更低的公司倾向于选择高声誉事务所,且高声誉审计师审计的IPO企业的首日回报显著要低.这说明大规模事务所的高声誉得到了市场的认可,审计师的信号传递功能在我国初显成效.     

承销商声誉与IPO抑价——来自深圳中小板市场的实证研究

文章选取2006年～2008年深圳中小板市场IPO公司为样本，应用对比分析和多元回归分析法实证研究了承销商声誉及其对应的IPO抑价之间的关系，结论是IPO公司上市首日抑价程度与承销商声誉是负相关。     

创业板IPO折价实证研究

IPO折价现象在我国的股票市场上广泛存在。本文通过对国内外IPO折价相关文献的回顾,选取创业板上市的152支股票作为研究样本,通过计算未经市场指数调整的首日收益率和经过市场指数调整的首日超额收益率来估计IPO折价的情况。对IPO影响因素的选择分别基于新股发行情况、投机泡沫假说以及承销商声誉假说,选取5个变量与首日超额收益率进行线性回归。以说明,在创业板市场,IPO折价现象的产生并非发行人和承销商的有意行为,新股的供不应求和投资者的投机行为导致了创业板IPO现象的产生。     

承销商声誉、审计独立性与审计师选择

审计师选择一直都是审计学术界和实务界共同关注的重要问题.通过研究IPO公司的承销商声誉对审计师选择的影响,并且进一步探讨审计独立性的提高是否会影响承销商声誉与审计师选择之间的关系,以及这些影响在国有企业和非国有企业是否存在差异.研究结果表明,IPO公司的承销商声誉越高,越倾向于选择代表高审计质量的“十大”审计师,国有企业的承销商声誉越高,越倾向于选择代表高审计质量的“十大”审计师,非国有企业的承销商声誉与审计师选择之间没有显著的相关性;审计独立性的提高,既削弱了承销商声誉与高质量审计师之间的正相关关系,也削弱了国有企业的承销商声誉与高质量审计师之间的正相关关系,但没有对非国有企业的承销商声誉与审计师选择之间的关系产生影响.研究结论可以为政府监管部门、企业管理者以及投资者提供决策依据.     

违规IPO行为对承销商声誉的影响

本文以因违规上市受到处罚的上市公司的主承销商为研究对象,分析了IPO客户的虚假上市行为对承销商声誉资本的影响。实证结果表明,违规上市行为既通过影响目标承销商未来的市场份额,给承销商的声誉带来了直接的负面影响,又通过承销商与其IPO客户的关联表现间接影响了承销商声誉。本文也从一个侧面说明了承销商声誉还是具有相当的信息含量,随着市场化程度的加深,承销商声誉在IPO市场的作用将越来越大。     

投资者正向反馈、承销商缺位与创业板IPO资金超募

本文以2009年10月至2011年9月在创业板上市的公司为样本,研究了IPO资金超募现象的影响因素。研究表明,在新股发行制度敞开市盈率和对创业板的普遍高预期背景下,投资者的正向反馈效应和承销商的缺位共同造成了创业板市场高企的IPO发行市盈率和资金巨额超募,承销商并未起到降低信息不对称的作用。基于此,本文提出提升市场信息披露效率和完善承销商声誉机制的建议。     

创业投资声誉、创业板IPOs初始收益和长期业绩

以我国创业板市场IPOs为样本,引入创业投资声誉对IPO折抑价理论模型进行修正,采用多元回归和两阶段回归方法,实证检验创业投资声誉与创业板IPOs初始收益和长期业绩之间的关系后发现:我国创业板市场中创业投资核证监督作用微弱;创业投资声誉对IPOs初始收益无显著影响;创业投资声誉对IPO后企业长期业绩有显著正效应。本文的研究结论对创投声誉下的创业板发行制度建设有积极作用。     

事务所转制、审计师声誉与IPO市场反应——基于审计需求方视角

基于审计需求方的视角,在新股发行这一独特市场环境下,考察我国事务所转制政策的实施效果,包括事务所转制的IPO市场反应以及审计师声誉对上述两者之间关系产生的影响。通过研究发现,由特殊普通合伙事务所执行上市前审计的公司IPO抑价水平更高。同时,审计师声誉会增强事务所转制对IPO抑价的影响力度。这表明事务所特殊普通合伙转制已获得新股发行市场上投资者的认可,IPO市场审计更多发挥的是信号传递作用;特殊普通合伙转制对高声誉事务所在新股发行市场上品牌价值的提升幅度更大。     

Accounting Scandals in IPO Firms: Do Underwriters and VCs Help?

We examine whether underwriter reputation, venture capitalist (VC) backing, and VC reputation are related to the probability that a newly public firm has serious accounting problems. Using a novel data set, we find that the probability of restatement by an initial public offering (IPO) firm is positively related to underwriter reputation and negatively related to VC backing, VC reputation, and VC maturity. Our results do not appear to be driven by the endogeneity of underwriter reputation or VC backing. Our findings suggest that while VCs positively influence the financial reporting quality of IPO firms, underwriters’ concerns about revenue generation outweigh their concerns about reputation.     

Underwriter reputation and IPO issuer alignment 1981–2005

We examine the long-term performance and characteristics of firms that went public from 1981 to 2005. We find that long-run returns declined and the proportion of failed and failing firms increased with underwriter reputation. The IPOs marketed by the more reputable underwriters were more likely to fail or be failing in the post-1980s period, but were still better than those of less reputable counterparts. The characteristics of the firms marketed by the more reputable underwriters did not appear to change substantially from decade to decade. We conclude that external market forces rather than conscious changes by underwriters caused the shift in the relation between failure rates and underwriter reputation from the 1980s to the subsequent period. We also find the “flip” in relationship between underwriter reputation and initial IPO return identified in the literature disappears after controlling for additional factors.     

Donating Money to Get Money: The Role of Corporate Philanthropy in Stakeholder Reactions to IPOs

This study examines how stakeholders' investment time horizons interact with information about corporate giving in initial public offering (IPO) firms. Specifically, we build a model that explains how corporate philanthropy affects IPO performance. We find that at the IPO‐preparation stage, corporate giving is negatively related to underwriter prestige, venture capital investment, and IPO financing costs. We also find that at the IPO‐issuance stage, negative media coverage of IPOs moderates the U‐shaped relationship between corporate giving and market premiums. At the IPO‐trading stage, we find that corporate giving only positively influences the market premiums for IPO firms that are the subject of negative media reports. Our findings contribute to the signalling theory by showing how various stakeholders interpret the same signals differently, and they have implications for understanding how the relationship between corporate philanthropy and corporate financial performance materializes in the IPO markets.     

How Does Ambiguity Influence IPO Underpricing? The Role of the Signalling Environment

We explore the relationship between ambiguity, or low information clarity, in the IPO prospectus of newly public firms and their underpricing. Consistent with signalling theory, we find that IPO underpricing is low when the prospectus contains less ambiguous information that creates a more reliable signal conveying the quality of the IPO firm. However, the positive association between ambiguity and IPO underpricing is less pronounced when IPO firms display low strategic conformity with other firms in the industry, operate in industries with high valuation heterogeneity, or are medium‐sized. Using a sample of 398 IPOs between 1998 and 2007, our results support these predictions. This study shows the importance of the signalling environment influencing boundedly rational signal recipients interpreting ambiguous signals.     

Looking Attractive until You Sell: Earnings Management,Lockup Expiration,and Venture Capitalists

Earnings management occurs when managerial discretion allows managers to influence reported earnings and thus mislead some investors about the underlying economic performance and quality of the firm. This study considers how potential investors may guard against earnings management by observing negative stock price reaction at the lockup expiration period of initial public offering (IPO) firms as a negative signal. Findings from a sample of 160 newly public firms show that earnings management behaviour is stronger in IPO firms backed by venture capitalists (VCs). Moreover, VC reputation negatively moderates this relationship such that IPO firms backed by reputable VCs are less likely to manage earnings, suggesting that reputable VCs serve an auditing function following an IPO. Overall, we provide insights into signalling theory by examining negative signals arising from the behaviour of multiple agents in an IPO firm.     

博弈论视角的我国证券承销商声誉机制研究

本文在对声誉机制理论进行综述的基础上,从博弈论视角分析了证券承销商声誉机制发挥作用的条件和我国承销商声誉机制缺失的必然。针对我国目前证券市场上承销商声誉机制缺失的原因进行了剖析,进而提出了政策建议,以提高证券市场上承销商的质量。     

Analysis of Korean IT startups’ initial public offering and their post-IPO performance

Since the financial crisis in Korea, by focusing on core technology, IT startups have played an important role in the recovery of Korea’s economy through innovating technologies and creating new jobs. Even though there are many startups, it is not very common to reach the point of the initial public offering (IPO) and the post-IPO performance of the firms is mostly declining. Since it is rather difficult to apply conventional performance measures to very young firms, IPO has been used as a tool for performance evaluation. This study adopts the IPO as an early-stage measure for the performance of high technology startups. It is important to find out whether an earlier IPO of firms leads to a better performance and capability of firms. We investigate the relationship between the time to IPO of firms and their post-IPO performance for 3 years after their IPO by adopting samples of 79 information technology hardware firms founded after 1996 and listed between 2000 and 2004 in the KOSDAQ. Four determinant factors, including entrepreneurs’ experience, venture capital investment, startups’ technology sourcing, and technology portfolios which determine the firm’s time lag to getting to the IPO, are identified. The findings contain several results. First, the patent has positive effects on the firms’ performance after an IPO and on the firms’ growth before the IPO. Second, a faster technology acquisition via technology alliance has a positive influence on the firms’ IPO regardless of internal technologies. Third, concentrating on core technology, instead of diversifying can mature the startup firms faster. These indicate that a startup’s efficient initial strategy is critical for its performance and it enhances the credit and confidence of the market.     

会计师事务所外部治理效用探究——基于创业板上市公司IPO审计的面板数据分析

基于2009--2012年257家创业板上市公司的432个IPO审计样本，检验审计质量与企业长期资本市场回报、投资回报率的关系，实证结果表明：应计利润和审计收费显著地表明了审计质量的高低，同时有微弱证据表明行业专长代表了较高的审计质量；事务所声誉与企业经营业绩呈正相关，但是与企业长期资本市场回报呈现显著负相关，该结果源于中国资本市场的非效率性。总体上说，会计师事务所在IPO审计市场上起到了一定的外部治理效用，但仍然有待加强。     

The effect of firm financial characteristics and the availability of alternative finance on IPO underpricing

This article tests the hypothesis that the financial characteristics of the issuing firm, along with the availability of alternative sources of financing, are important determinants of the level of underpricing. While risk and its relationship to underpricing have been examined in previous studies, liquidity risk is unique because of its special implications for a firm’s bargaining position with the underwriter. Consistent with my hypothesis, firms with greater liquidity concerns at the IPO experience greater underpricing. On the other hand, firms with higher levels of venture capital funding and/or debt financing are more fully priced.     

The economic profitability of pre-IPO earnings management and IPO underperformance

The purpose of this paper is to test the market performance of a zero-investment trading strategy based on the knowledge of IPO underperformance and estimates of pre-IPO earnings management. This trading strategy is implemented by forming two-firm portfolios that take short positions in the IPOs and long positions in control firms matched by industry and market capitalization. The first test shows that significant positive abnormal returns can be earned trading on the knowledge of IPO underperformance. However, the relationship between the level of abnormal returns and the level of pre-IPO earnings management is not found to be significant. Overall, our results suggest that existent pre-IPO earnings management plays important roles although investors may not sophisticated enough to measure the level of earnings management.