Strategy for technology development in public R&D institutes by partnering with the industry

If industry and R&D institute partner in developing the technology, there is a greater possibility for developing a commercially potential technology. Through this process, they combine tangible and intangible resources and cooperate in R&D activities. It also develops a common understanding and mutual trust and smoothens the process of adaptation of the technological innovation into a marketable product/process. This work intends to highlight the partnership process and developed a model. A survey conducted with R&D Managers of prominent companies world over and the earlier research drawn from the literature was used in developing the model for the purpose. The work also analyses the existing research interaction between industries and Indian public R&D institutes, using multi case method.     

Innovation and de facto standardization: The influence of dominant design on innovative performance,radical innovation,and process innovation

Setting technology standards is the route to market growth and to potentially influencing the performance of a whole industry. When a market accepts a particular technology as one that defines the specifications for products in the entire industry, a dominant design is set. In this article, we investigate how the existence of a dominant design affects subsequent innovation in an industry. In particular, we study the influence on innovative performance, radical innovation, and process innovation. Analyzing longitudinal, cross-sectional patent data for more than 2.6 million patents filed from 1978 to 2013, we find support for our hypotheses that an industry's innovative performance and degree of radical innovation are negatively influenced by dominant design in that industry, and that process innovation is fostered by the occurrence of a dominant design. We discuss the findings in the light of the increasing speed of technological development and standardization. Additionally, results from a sensitivity analysis for different threshold values of dominant design call for adjusting a binary definition of dominant design with different threshold values depending on the effects under study.     

Innovation Strategy and Entry Deterrence

We model an incumbent’s decision to pursue radical or incremental innovation when facing a rival entrant. The radical innovation may yield lucrative financial returns but entails significant technological and market‐related uncertainties. It is also particularly attractive to the rival entrant: if the market for it pans out, such an innovation obsoletes the existing technology and any incremental improvements to it. Each firm has its own assessment of the market potential for the radical innovation, and the reliability of these market forecasts can differ. We show that when the entrant’s market‐assessment capability is weak, the incumbent will pursue incremental innovation and postpone its plans to develop radical innovation even when it thinks highly of the market potential for the radical innovation. The incumbent does so to avoid validating the high market potential to the entrant, who may otherwise be encouraged to invest aggressively. The incumbent thus prefers to look “soft” with respect to its innovation strategy in order to discourage entry. Even if its innovation strategy is not observable, we show that an incumbent that assesses the commercial potential for a radical innovation favorably may pursue an incremental path and communicate its plans publicly; this strategy serves to reduce entry by affecting the entrant’s beliefs about the market potential of the innovation. Finally, we extend the model to investigate the entrant’s decision to communicate its innovation intentions. We find that the entrant communicates its plans to aggressively pursue radical innovation only if the incumbent’s market‐assessment capabilities are strong. In doing so, the entrant acts preemptively to discourage the incumbent from pursuing the radical innovation, and is less concerned with validating market potential.     

Environmental performance and competitive advantage in Canada's paper industry

A new environmental performance model is developed, explained and subsequently applied to a study of the Canadian recycled paper industry. The strategic position of the industry is explored as it takes the progressive steps needed to improve its environmental performance and competitive advantage in response to this rising regulatory agenda. Three policy options facing the Canadian pulp and paper industry are examined: the status quo, process technology innovation and product development. The strategic position of the industry is also examined using measurement of stance, attitude, government response, values, planning horizon and environmental integration. The supplier-consumer relationship, capital-technology and locational factors are also used to further discuss the links between competitive advantage and environmental performance. From this discussion, conclusions are drawn on competitive environmentalism: ethics and profit are compatible; newsprint mills must improve their locational, technology and market actions; the industry must proactively seek out environmental market and stakeholder opportunities and; further management research is needed to demonstrate the links between environmental performance, innovation and competitiveness.     

网络位置、产品创新战略与创新绩效——以中国制造企业为样本

以创新网络理论与产品创新战略理论为基础,本文将网络位置视为重要的外生性创新资源并作为模型的独特前置因素,以279家中国制造企业为样本,运用因子分析、回归分析以及Bootstrap方法实证研究产品创新战略与创新绩效问题。从技术、市场、设计三个维度将产品创新战略划分为技术推动型、市场拉动型和设计驱动型三种类型,进而厘清网络位置、三种产品创新战略以及创新绩效之间的逻辑关系,从产品创新视角清晰揭示不同网络位置影响企业创新绩效提升的内在机理和具体路径。研究结果表明,网络中心位置和中介位置均会显著促进企业绩效提升;三种产品创新战略分别在网络中心位置影响创新绩效过程中发挥显著的中介效应;但在网络中介位置影响企业创新绩效过程中,技术推动型产品创新战略的中介效应不显著,市场拉动型和设计驱动型产品创新战略则分别发挥显著中介效应。最后对研究结果进行分析和理论解释,以期对指导中国制造企业积极利用创新网络资源、选择适合自身发展的产品创新战略以促进绩效提升具有一定参考价值。     

构建高效能、现代化的国家创新体系

本文从我国的国情和经济社会发展对创新的需求出发,论述了如何树立技术创新、市场运作和知识产权有机结合并高效运转的创新体系,提出了构建高效能、现代化的国家创新体系的措施。     

企业主导产学研合作的技术与市场协同创新——以科大讯飞为例

基于科大讯飞的单案例研究,本文分析了科大讯飞以企业为主导的产学研合作模式和技术与市场协同创新的具体实践,揭示了企业主导产学研合作达到技术能力提升和市场价值实现的协同创新过程的内在机理,旨在为我国高科技企业积极构建企业主导型产学研合作创新模式以实现技术和市场的互动发展和协同创新,保持长期竞争优势,提供理论现实依据和实践借鉴。     

浅谈产品创新求生存

价值工程是以提高产品(或作业)价值和有效利用资源为目的,通过有组织的创造性工作,寻求用最低的寿命周期成本,可靠地实现使用者所需功能的一种管理技术。只有加强产品创新,加速机械产品的机电液一体化进程,提高产品的技术含量,积极加大研发资金,研究和开发新产品,才能在竞争日益激烈的国际工程机械市场上立于不败之地。产品的创新一定要结合市场需求和产品成本等一起考虑。下面对产品创新提出个人的一些建议。     

Knowledge capital,CEO power,and firm value: Evidence from the IT industry

Disruptive innovation dramatically changes the demand of a product market in the information technology (IT) industry. In response to the impact of disruptive innovation, IT firms that may be eliminated from the competitive race actively develop innovative products and adjust their operating strategies to strengthen their survivability in the fiercely competitive market. Thus, this study explores the factors that affect firm value in the IT industry under the impact of disruptive innovation. The empirical results reveal that knowledge capital and CEO power play crucial roles in explaining firm value. IT firms with powerful CEOs and increased knowledge capital have high firm values. The effects of knowledge capital and CEO power on firm value are especially significant for founder and duality CEO firms. Furthermore, the influence of CEO power is more prominent in periods of financial crisis.     

MODELS OF SELF-EMPLOYMENT IN A COMPETITIVE MARKET

Abstract. A survey is given of models in the literature that can be used to explain the number of self-employed individuals in the framework of a competitive market. Apart from giving a survey, this paper also intends to explain how the various models work. Thus, the connections between the various models can be shown.     

Endogenous Technological Spillovers: Causes and Consequences

We develop a new approach to endogenizing technological spillovers. We analyze a game in which firms can first invest in cost-reducing R&D, then compete on the human-capital market for their knowledge-bearing employees, and finally enter the product market. If R&D employees change firms, spillovers arise. We show that technological spillovers are most likely when they increase total industry profits. We use this result to show that innovation incentives are usually stronger for endogenous than for exogenous spillovers and that endogenous spillovers may reverse the result that innovation incentives are stronger under quantity competition than under price competition. Finally, we explore the robustness of our results with respect to contractual incompleteness and the number of R&D workers.     

中小软件企业技术-组织-市场协同创新的影响因素实证研究

运用协同创新理论对中小软件企业六大创新要素(技术、战略、文化、组织、制度、市场)中最活跃的技术、组织和市场三个创新要素的协同创新的影响因素进行实证研究,力图通过实证分析找出和评价一些有利于促进中小软件企业技术-组织-市场协同创新的共性因素,进而为在金融危机中进退两难的中小软件企业提供有益的建议。     

校企合作技术创新风险影响因素研究

市场竞争环境中,企业进行合作技术创新的目的是为了建立竞争优势,获得收益,然而在合作创新过程中也存在着许多风险。技术创新风险一方面促使企业大学进行合作创新以分散风险,另一方面合作创新过程中的各种风险也可能导致校企合作创新的失败。对校企合作技术创新所面临的主要风险影响因素进行分析,将有利于合作双方对各种风险进行防范,提高合作的成功率。     

常州技术市场发展现状、问题及对策分析

技术市场是实现技术转移和科技成果转化的桥梁纽带,是技术商品交易的重要场所,是我国现代市场体系和国家创新体系的重要组成,建设技术市场对于创新型国家和社会的建设意义重大。论文从常州技术市场的现状出发,分析了技术市场存在的问题,并提出建议,以期推动技术市场发展,促进科技与经济发展的融合,实现经济的转型升级。     

Innovation novelty and (commercial) performance in the service sector: A Canadian firm-level analysis

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether innovation novelty has an impact on the firms' performance in selected service industries. The principal interest in this paper lies in incorporating two different dimensions of innovation radicalness – market-entry and originality of the innovation – to assess firms' commercialization performance. The results show that to derive more sales from innovation, service firms need to enter the market early (world-first and to some extent, Canada-first) or to introduce new products with high level of novelty. Importance of early-entry (world-first) or novel content in commercialization performance differs by industries.     

基于知识联盟组织间知识共享的组织质量创新研究

在知识经济时代,知识和技术更新的速度越来越快,消费者的需求也在不断的变化,市场竞争日趋激烈。企业要想在激烈的市场竞争中生存和发展就必须进行质量创新,更好地满足消费者的需求。质量创新包括市场创新、技术创新和管理创新。创新的根源是知识。企业通过参与知识联盟,与联盟成员进行知识共享,能够快速地获取自己所需要的知识,提高自己的创新能力,有效地开展质量创新。     

Value and risk dynamics over the innovation cycle

This paper studies investment in intellectual capital and corresponding value and risk dynamics over the innovation cycle. We assume that the innovation cycle consists of three phases, R&D, trial, and market introduction phases. We use a real option investment model to characterize firm value and risk dynamics over the innovation cycle and find that firm value is the sum of the value of assets in place and non-linear option values related to breakthrough, exit, and market introduction options. Firm risk over the innovation cycle is highly non-linear and quite distinct in different phases. During the R&D phase risk is high as the firm faces high operating leverage originating from R&D fixed costs together with technological uncertainty. During the trial phase risk is significantly lower and dominated by option risk to launch the product in the market while after the introduction of the product in the market risk is equivalent to the asset risk of the company. Our model is consistent with the view that positive excess returns of R&D intensive firms are a compensation for risk. Based on this insight we derive several testable predictions.     

论科技创新中的知识产权

知识产权是科技创新成果的权利化体现,知识产权工作是科技创新工作的重要组成部分。文章阐述了知识产权在科技创新中的重要作用,分析近年来广西知识产权工作取得的成效,提出加快广西知识产权事业发展的建议。     

技术创新障碍及其提升机制的综述研究

随着现代科学技术和知识经济的发展,技术创新能力日益成为决定企业市场竞争力的重要指标。当前我国技术创新发展体系还不够成熟,存在一系列制约因素,主要包括体制因素、市场信息缺乏、消费者对于创新产品缺乏需求和信任以及技术创新高投入、高风险、高不确定性特征的约束。现阶段应继续在政策、法律等方面加大对企业创新的支持力度,并构建技术创新的服务和信息收集机制,促进企业技术创新能力的提升。     

Competition and innovation: The tango of the market and technology in the competitive landscape

Technology innovation can be a double‐edged sword in helping a firm to address competitive pressures. We explore the relationships among market competition, technology competition, and firms' advancement to a higher generation of production technology. Though market competition drives technology advancement as firms attempt to escape competition and technology competition also drives technology advancement as firms try to stay in the technology race, concurrent high market and technology competition lead a firm to defer advancement. We find supportive evidence with data on global flat panel display makers. Our findings shed light on how competition interacts with a firm's technology advancement decision and, in general, a firm's technology strategy.