发现新的增长源泉：金融市场化

实体经济部门需求和金融部门的供给的高度不匹配,严重制约了中国经济的发展。依靠传统的国企投资来拉动,已不再奏效,低效率和泡沫泛滥的并存,经济增长难以为继。推动中国经济增长的动力之一,民企的内源性融资是否还能持续下去？近年来地方政府和企业共同推动金融市场化的实践,表明可以通过金融市场的竞争解决不对称信息问题,把过去银行认为不符合贷款条件的无效融资需求最大限度的转化为有效需求,就能够有效地降低民企的投资扩张的临界点,形成经济增长的新源泉。因此,不仅仅依靠利息率市场化的调整,而更需要通过金融机构之间的积极竞争,从而填补金融市场的供求缺口。     

绿色金融促进了中国出口贸易发展吗?

金融发展如何影响国际贸易增长一直是贸易领域的重要研究话题。本文以原中国银行业监督管理委员会2012年对外公布的《绿色信贷指引》政策为准自然实验,采用双重差分法对绿色金融与中国出口贸易发展之间的因果关系进行识别。研究显示,绿色金融能够显著促进中国出口贸易发展,改善出口贸易的集约边际和扩展边际,优化出口贸易的量价结构;绿色金融带来的出口促进作用,就不同的样本分类存在异质性。渠道研究发现,绿色金融能够通过缓解出口方面临的融资约束水平,进而对出口贸易产生积极作用。稳健性检验表明,在考虑双重差分法设定条件、安慰剂检验、极端值影响、零贸易问题等后,绿色金融对出口贸易的积极作用依然成立。本文研究证实了绿色金融是影响中国出口增长的重要因素,绿色金融政策能够带来生态环境改善和出口贸易发展的双赢局面,这为中国近年来大力推进绿色金融体系构建提供了来自现实层面的有效证据。     

我国科研投入与经济增长之间关联性分析

现代经济增长理论十分关注技术进步与经济增长之间的关系,技术进步被认为是经济增长的一个重要源泉,对知识生产部门的投入能够增加知识产出,并最终影响实际经济。但我们利用Granger影响关系检验发现,我国的科研投入与经济增长率不存在显著的Granger影响,相反,经济增长率对科研投入增量具有显著的Granger影响。这说明目前我国科研投入与实际经济之间的传导机制上存在严重的阻滞。因此,加大科研成果向现实经济的转化应该是我国一项较为长期的重要任务。     

中国绿色金融政策、融资成本与企业绿色转型——基于央行担保品政策视角

近年来,中国绿色金融政策陆续出台且支持力度不断强化,政策效果受到广泛关注。本文首先将绿色金融政策和绿色转型纳入可持续投资(ESG)资产定价模型,分析绿色金融政策对风险资产均衡收益和企业绿色转型的作用机理。其次基于绿色债券纳入央行合格担保品这一准自然实验,分别从企业融资成本和绿色创新两个角度实证检验绿色转型的政策效果。研究发现:(1)央行担保品类绿色金融政策通过降低绿色债券的信用利差为绿色企业提供融资激励,同时通过提高棕色债券的信用利差给棕色企业的绿色转型带来倒逼促进作用。(2)这一影响在绿色金融改革创新试验区内作用更为显著,但随时间推移逐渐弱化。(3)央行担保品类绿色金融政策通过融资途径显著提升了棕色企业的绿色创新,倒逼棕色企业绿色转型。     

金融资源配置、技术进步与经济高质量发展

随着我国发展阶段及内外部条件的变化,科技创新已成为新时代引领我国经济高质量发展的核心驱动力。本文以金融驱动技术进步的视角,构建内生增长DSGE模型,分析金融资源配置、技术进步和经济增长之间的关系。研究佐证了我国技术创新的逆周期性,并发现金融资源在企业生产性投资与创新投资之间的分配,可以通过改变生产要素投入规模和技术进步率两种途径影响经济增长,且这两种影响之间存在"跷跷板"关系,但后者更具主导性。在此基础上,诠释了金融、技术与经济的动态传导机制:经济扩张期,企业生产规模扩张,金融资源对生产性投资的支持增加,对创新的投入相对减少,技术进步率放缓;经济收缩期,企业缩减生产规模,金融资源对生产性投资的支持减少,对创新的投入相对增加,技术进步率提升。本研究的政策启示为,面对当前发展新矛盾、新挑战,应把握发展新格局、新机遇,进一步深化金融改革,优化金融资源配置机制,鼓励创新投资,充分发挥股权市场对企业研发创新的支持作用,并辅以稳健适度的宏观调控政策,为企业创新提供良性的宏观环境,激活企业创新需求,促进技术进步,推动经济高质量发展。     

Bank credit and economic activity: Evidence from the texas banking decline

In the latter half of the 1980s, banking difficulties were concentrated in Texas. Because of the magnitude of these financial difficulties, interest has focused on whether an alleged inability or unwillingness of Texas banks to extend loans hampered economic growth in the state. Using various measures of banking-sector activity and economic activity in Texas over the period 1976:I-1990:IV, a structural VAR model of the Texas economy is estimated. Variance decompositions measure the interdependence of the banking and real sectors of the economy. Our results indicate a strong effect from the real sector to the financial sector. We find little evidence, though, that the deterioration observed in the Texas banking sector contributed to reduced economic growth.     

吉林省发展低碳经济的对策与战略研究

发展低碳经济是实现生态文明和可持续发展的必由之路。低碳经济要求经济发展实现低排放、低污染、低能耗的生产方式。吉林省能源储量相对缺乏、经济发展严重依赖第二产业,而能耗高、排放高的行业又主要集中于第二产业的重工业领域。因此,分别以化工行业、汽车行业、建筑行业、冶金矿业和农业这些高能耗的行业为切入点,探索吉林省发展低碳经济的对策更具可操作性和实际意义。     

中国季度GDP的即时预测与混频分析

及时、准确地获得GDP短期预测值对于宏观调控和企业决策至关重要。本文在收集我国实时碎尾数据集的基础上,采用混频动态因子模型,将我国季度GDP的预测频率由“季度”提高到“日度”。研究结果表明,相对于混频抽样模型以及MFVAR等现有模型,混频动态因子模型能够有效解决实时预测中需要面临的数据问题,包括混频指标、碎尾特征、数据的周期性缺失等。本文模型在每个数据发布日,均可更新GDP的预测结果,这不仅将最新的经济活动信息迅速地体现到GDP预测中,而且显著提高了GDP即时预测的准确性,且预测结果随着月度数据信息的增加趋近于GDP真实值。此外,本文还估算了拟GDP季度同比增长率和GDP月度同比增长率两个月度数据序列,为我国宏观经济监测与政策分析提供一定的数据支撑。     

影响当前宏观经济形势的主要因素

2008年以来，国内外的经济形势发生了很大变化，我国宏观调控政策的累积成效开始明显显现，经济增长率开始高位回调。该文认为经济持续升温的态势已经扭转，开始进入下行通道；价格涨幅持续攀高的态势也有所缓解；但国内经济的一些新问题如生产企业所面临的困难、房地产业所面临的挑战以及居民消费的降温值得重视；美国金融问题的发展及其对中国的影日向需充分估计；最后文章认为只要把握好宏观经济政策的力度和调节的时机，我国就能够继续保持经济平稳较快发展的总体态势。     

基于广义资本的财务报告

随着经济形态从工业经济到知识经济的转变、发展观念从无限增长观到可持续增长观的转变、企业从"经济人"到"社会生态经济人"的转变,企业资本呈现出一种泛化的趋势,即从传统财务会计中的财务资本转变为了包括财务资本(债务资本、权益资本)、人力资本、组织资本、社会资本、生态资本等在内的广义资本。广义资本共同创造了企业价值,都应在企业享有相应的权益。所以,新经济时代的财务报告应为广义资本所有者提供其产权价值实现和保障情况的个性化的信息。     

Constructing the Economy: The Role of Construction Sector in India’s Growth

On empirically examining the importance of construction sector in propelling economic growth rate in India, the study has found that in the presence of the dominant influence of capital stock, the impact of the construction sector gets blurred or neutralized. Once capital stock is dropped from the model, the construction sector emerges as a significant determinant of economic growth, while other financial variables such as interest rate and non-food bank credit including the financial liberalization dummy do not play significant roles in economic growth. However, from an investigation of the impact of the construction sector on economic growth through the channel of employment, it is seen that the construction sector might be impacting the growth rate through increasing employment and thereby increasing the aggregate output in the economy.     

打造推动创新与现代化的智库产业集群

在世界经济的"新全球化"背景下,中国经济基本面发生了历史性的实质变化,经济结构、发展动力和国际环境都发生了深刻变化,宏观经济步入新的发展阶段,中国经济从过去两位数的高速增长阶段下行到当前的中高速增长时期,已演变成一种结构性的减速。面对经济新常态,如何让智库产业在区域经济发展中起到重要支撑作用?     

东北老工业基地产业结构与经济增长的实证分析

现代经济增长的过程,是经济增长与产业结构变动相互促进、相互联系、不断发展的过程。结合当前我国的区域发展重点之一,即振兴东北老工业基地,从区域层次研究产业结构与经济增长的关系,采用动态经济计量学中协整和方差分解的分析方法,利用东北老工业基地经济总量和产业结构的不变价格数据,对其产业结构变动与经济增长效应的关系进行实证分析,有利于我们得出较有价值的结论。     

Consumer attitudes,stock market liquidity,and the macro economy: A Canadian perspective

This study addresses the impact of equity market liquidity on Canadian economic growth and investigates how consumer attitudes/sentiments affect the dynamic macro-liquidity relationship. Using various market liquidity proxies (e.g., illiquidity ratio and open interest of equity futures) while controlling for a specific set of variables, we obtain the following main results: we document the predictability role of liquidity on future economic growth, and we find that during periods of high exchange-rate volatility between the Canadian and US dollars, growth becomes highly affected by stock-market liquidity movements. Furthermore, there is some evidence that stock market liquidity contains additional information for estimating the future state of the economy but is conditional on periods of higher positive consumer attitudes—specifically, consumer confidence in the economy. Additionally, we find strong evidence consistently supporting the premise that a positive change in general consumer sentiment exhibits a direct and significant effect on some macro-economic variables including personal consumption, consumer credit, and economic growth.     

Delivering green economy in Asia: The role of fiscal instruments

Asia’s ongoing rapid economic growth is successfully lifting millions of poor out of the vicious cycle of poverty, but that performance comes at a price. The unprecedented growth we witness today is also rapidly driving resource consumption to unsustainable levels. Local production and consumption-led growth is causing a considerable increase in external costs, such as deforestation, and knock-on effects, such as increased emissions including greenhouse gas (GHG); depletion of non-renewable resources; pollution of rivers; desertification; flooding; and long term climate change. Currently, the region accounts for about 40% of GHG emissions, which is expected to rise to almost 50% by 2030 if the business-as-usual trajectory projected for the region is not altered. Countries in the region are taking action when it comes to the transition to a green economy. When compared to other regions, Asia has the highest rate of policy innovations that can help in the transition to a green economy. Even though fiscal instruments in-use are to some extent already altering aggregate demand of resources and economic activities, resource allocation, and distributive capacity of the economy, instrument such as “carbon tax” that has the real potential to contain rising emissions and save economies from getting locked into carbon-intensive pathways are yet to be adopted widely. Tax on natural resources extraction is yet to be implemented in wider scale despite of rampant destruction of natural resources and environments and increase in associated GHG emissions. Sporadic adoption of fiscal instruments is not going to be enough, if Asia as a region, is to transition to a green economy. In addition, there are substantial implementation barriers that need to be eased for wide-scale adoption and diffusion of green fiscal instruments.     

飞地经济与横向生态补偿机制构建探索——以成都、甘孜共建成甘工业园区为例

中央专项转移支付是目前我国实行生态补偿的主要方式,地区间的横向生态补偿机制尚处探索阶段,加快形成地区间横向生态补偿机制的具体模式是生态文明体系建设的重要内容。2015年,四川省成都市和甘孜州合作共建的“飞地产业园区”——成甘工业园区被认为是贯彻党中央构建横向生态补偿机制精神的典范。本文通过对成甘工业园区的详细考察,在与传统工业园区发展模式进行多维比较的基础上,认为“飞地经济”模式下的工业园区能够为探索地区间横向生态补偿机制提供积极经验,总体上符合两地的共同利益。但与传统模式相比,飞地经济模式存在运行逻辑上的内在差异,这种差异导致博弈过程中的弱势方甘孜州在客观上承担了能源、资源输出以及优惠政策中转的责任,可能引发甘孜州的新型贫困等潜在问题。因此,建议通过加快构建甘孜州水电资源开发生态修复产业化制度、完善现有的“成甘飞地经济”模式、实施“产城一体”的飞地工业园区发展战略等措施推动飞地经济更好服务于生态补偿机制建设。     

Macroeconomic Implications of Term Structures of Interest Rates Under Stochastic Differential Utility with Non-Unitary EIS

This paper proposes a continuous-time term-structure model under stochastic differential utility with non-unitary elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS, henceforth) in a representative-agent endowment economy with mean-reverting expectations on real output growth and inflation. Using this model, we make clear structural relationships among a term structure of real and nominal interest rates, utility form and underlying economic factors (in particular, inflation expectation). Notably, we show that, if (1) the EIS is less than one, (2) the agent is comparatively more risk-averse relative to time-separable utility, (3) short-term interest rates are pro-cyclical, and (4) the rate of expected inflation is negatively correlated with the rate of real output growth and its expected rate, then a nominal yield curve can have a low instantaneous riskless rate and an upward slope.     

Capital Bubbles,Interest Rates,and Investment in a Small Open Economy

We model a bubble in a productive asset (capital) on an explosive path, which diverges from the fundamental equilibrium and bursts with a positive probability. When the bubble grows, the small open economy borrows from the the world economy to finance investment and production, and banks charge the risk of the bubble bursting as an interest rate spread to debtors. Consequently, the interest rate spread widens as loans are increasingly backed by the bubble. When the bubble bursts, defaults cause a sudden stop of credit inflow from the world economy, investment falls, and the interest rate spread vanishes.     

巴西结构性改革与经济增长

今年以来,巴西政府通过降息、减税、增加信贷等措施来支持经济增长。但有分析指出,巴西近十年来的较高经济增速主要得益于良好的外部环境。为应对因全球经济再平衡导致的外部环境波动,巴西经济的有力复苏不仅取决于政策放松的空间,更取决于通过继续推进结构性改革消除制约经济可持续增长的瓶颈。本文旨在梳理巴西自上世纪90年代以来经济结构性改革所取得的进展及存在的问题,分析巴西经济当前存在的结构性问题,并就巴西未来的经济增长与改革前景进行展望。     

我国货币供应与投资的关系问题研究

本文将我国货币供应、投资支出和经济增长纳入统一模型,实证分析了三个变量之间的关系。研究发现:无论从长期还是短期来看,投资、货币供给拉动经济增长的作用都不能达到因果检验的显著性要求,反映了我国经济的价格弹性较高,投资的高速增长不能完全解释我国经济增长的动力源泉;我国投资高速增长的根源来自经济增长形成的高储蓄,而非货币刺激;货币供应高速增长在很大程度上是被动适应投资和经济发展需求的增长。因此,我国货币政策制定应以保持投资和经济增长稳定发展为重要目标,而不应以刺激投资与经济增长为目的,否则可能会引致通货膨胀上升,增加经济运行成本和降低经济发展质量。应保持基础领域和改革创新领域投资增速的稳定,并鼓励和引导民间投资,改善国内投资环境,以增强经济发展的活力。