Privatization and Fiscal Deficits in European Emerging Markets

Privatization and fiscal deficits have been linked theoretically as emerging market countries completed transitions from command to market-based economies. This study examines the joint relationships among relative fiscal deficits, privatization, and exogenous factors for twenty-five Central and Eastern European emerging market countries. Pooled regression models suggest that increased privatization does not reduce fiscal deficits, but fiscal deficits increase as privatization increases over time. These effects are dependent upon the set of countries considered and the privatization measure employed. There is limited support for the hypothesis that privatization is increased when fiscal deficits decline for the nine early privatizers.     

Harmonising European Insolvency Law: The Emerging Role of Stakeholders

In recent years, the European Commission has given increased room for stakeholder involvement in the area of insolvency and restructuring. In revising the European Insolvency Regulation in 2012–2015 and preparing the proposal for a directive on preventive restructuring frameworks 2016, the role and direct influence of stakeholders has been noteworthy. In these efforts, the Commission touched upon a field of law characterised by diverse stakeholders with strongly opposing interests. Following the active involvement of all stakeholders by the Commission, this study examines what relevant stakeholders are, what their positions are with respect to European Union insolvency legislation and what their role has been and can be in legislative processes in the area of insolvency and restructuring. Copyright © 2018 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Time to Endorse the ISAs for European Use: The Emerging Markets' Perspective

On many important accounting problems there seems to be a gap in knowledge and understanding between the academic world and those whose views are most prominent in public debate. The paper explores the reasons for this gap, and suggests that the biggest problem is the perception of irrelevance. The paper discusses how the gap can be narrowed, using ICAEW's Information for Better Markets work, in particular on business reporting models, as an example.     

Determinants of Capital Structure in Emerging European Economies: Evidence from Slovenian Firms

Although empirical research has shown that some capital structure differences can be explained by modern capital structure theory in mature market economies, the forces behind capital structure decisions in emerging European economies remain a puzzle. We assume that, in these countries, the change in economic system, and therefore corporate governance, has been only gradual; other forces must be at work when firms decide on their capital structures compared to those of mature market economies. After identifying possible relevant factors in Slovenian firms, we show that throughout the period from 1999 to 2006, these factors explained the greatest part of capital structure differences. However, the explanatory power of the proposed factors is changing, which implies changing corporate governance and financial behavior of Slovenian firms during transition.     

关于企事业单位资质属性的几点思考（下）

四、单位资质在企业产权交易中的实现形式及其披露虽然单位资质作为一种能为其所有者或控制者获取未来收益的权利具有无形资产属性,但在现行的企业产权交易实践中,对资质类无形资产进行界定和披露还存在许多认识误区和障碍,所以有必要讨论单位资质在现行企业产权交易中的实现形式和信息披露方式。     

试析案例课的功能与问题

文章探讨案例课的功能与问题。     

Performance of Currency Trading Strategies in Developed and Emerging Markets: Some Striking Differences

Expanding the currency investment universe makes a lot of sense from a diversification point of view. Nevertheless, 60% of the total foreign exchange turnover is still only traded in three currency pairs (USD/EUR, USD/JPY and USD/GBP). The share of trading in local currencies in emerging markets is only around 5%. This can be explained by the fact that some currency managers fear investing in emerging market currencies. Many believe that political risk is the most dominant driver in these markets and that traditional investment rules do not work. In this paper, I apply four technical trading strategies for the developed market currencies and for the most traded emerging market currencies. The empirical results show some striking differences. They suggest that trend-following rules work better for emerging market currencies, while carry trading strategies perform better across developed market currencies. Nevertheless, it seems that conventional techniques could be successfully applied to both developed and emerging market currencies. I conclude that currency managers should not be afraid to diversify into emerging market currencies. They should, however, adjust their trading style accordingly.     

Finance and Macroeconomic Performance. Some Evidence for Emerging Markets

This paper examines whether financial-sector development in several emerging markets affects their real economic activity. Results from cointegration and error correction models suggest that financial deepening (alternatively measured) exerts a robust longterm stimulating effect on real economic activity (both overall and sectoral) in all countries examined. However, short-term effects of financial deepening prove generally nonexistent, or tenuous at best. The results suggest that improving the structure and operation of the financial sector in emerging markets does stimulate real growth, but only if such improvement persists over a prolonged period of time.     

Convergence of Bank Efficiency in Emerging Markets: The Experience of Central and Eastern European Countries

In this study, we investigate the effect of the European Union integration process on banks' efficiency and the convergence of cost efficiency across banking systems from Central and Eastern European countries for the period 2004-10. We observe large differences in the levels of cost efficiency among national banking systems, and we notice an increase in banking efficiency for all banking systems until 2008. However, starting with 2009, the evolution of the average scores of cost efficiency declines. The results provide evidence of β-convergence and σ-convergence in terms of cost efficiency among the banking systems, especially during the period 2009-10.     

对新形势下注册会计师教育与培训问题的思考

这里说的新形势,就是中国加入世贸组织.正如有关专家所言,当今世界经济舞台上的三大演员,一个是政府,一个是企业,另一个就是中介机构.我们必须重视这些中介机构的壮大和发展.这也是政府简政放权的一个重要方面.不然,一旦政府的职能精简之后,就会出现一个很大的管理空白.随着知识经济的发展,会计审计知识体系也会发生极大变革,同时随着国际服务市场的开放,客观可靠、透明、可比的财务信息在贸易、投资和金融稳定方面将起着重要作用.     

与国际会计师事务所合作的思考和体会

当前会计师事务所扩大规模的工作正在全国积极展开.上规模的确是当务之急.但如何上规模却有不同的方式.第一种是内涵扩大的方式,以我为中心,自我积累,自我发展,其好处是一切在我的控制之下有序地进行,缺点是发展的速度受到限制.     

Financial Statement Fraud: Some Lessons from US and European Case Studies

This paper studies 14 companies that were subject to an official investigation arising from the publication of fraudulent financial statements. The research found senior management to be responsible for most fraud. Recording false sales was the most common method of financial statement fraud. Meeting external forecasts emerged as the primary motivation. Management discovered most fraud, although the discovery was split between incumbent and new management.     

Study of Effective Corporate Tax Rate and Its Influential Factors: Empirical Evidence from Emerging European Markets

This article examines the driving factors of the effective corporate tax rate (ECTR) for a sample of companies listed on five Eastern European stock exchanges (Romania, Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria, and Slovenia), covering the period 2000–2016. The empirical research covers variables regarding firm characteristics (e.g., profitability, efficiency of assets, indebtedness, liquidity, and solvency), firm-level controls, auditing fees, and the statutory rate. The estimated panel data models provide support for a positive link between the ECTR and profitability, debt, capital and inventory intensity, firm size, and statutory rate, strengthening the validity of political cost theory. Further, the negative link between market capitalization and assets growth supports the idea of political power theory.     

Classifying returns as extreme: European stock and bond markets

I consider extreme returns for the stock and bond markets of 14 EU countries using two classification schemes: One, the univariate classification scheme from the previous literature that classifies extreme returns for each market separately, and two, a novel multivariate classification scheme that classifies extreme returns for several markets jointly. The new classification scheme holds about the same information as the old one, while demanding a shorter sample period. The new classification scheme is useful.     

Volatility as an Asset Class: European Evidence

Abstract

Volatility movements are known to be negatively correlated with stock index returns. Hence, investing in volatility appears to be attractive for investors seeking risk diversification. The most common instruments for investing in pure volatility are variance swaps, which now enjoy an active over-the-counter (OTC) market. This paper investigates the risk-return tradeoff of variance swaps on the Deutscher Aktienindex and Euro STOXX 50 index over the time period from 1995 to 2004. We synthetically derive variance swap rates from the smile in option prices. Using quotes from two large investment banks over two months, we validate that the synthetic values are close to OTC market prices. We find that variance swap returns exhibit an option-like profile compared to returns of the underlying index. Given this pattern, it is crucial to account for the non-normality of returns in measuring the performance of variance swap investments. As in the US, the average returns of selling variance swaps are found to be strongly positive and too large to be compatible with standard equilibrium models. The magnitude of the estimated risk premium is related to variance uncertainty and past index returns. This indicates that the variance swap rate does not seem to incorporate all past information relevant for forecasting future realized variance.     

Inflation,Output Growth,and Their Uncertainties: Empirical Evidence for a Causal Relationship from European Emerging Economies

In this paper, we analyze the causality among inflation, output growth, and their uncertainties in all European countries with emerging economies. For these countries, high uncertainty regarding economic growth during the current economic and financial crisis that started in 2008 caused their governments to increase their efforts to sustain growth, and to maintain a low level of inflation. Of the twelve possible hypotheses regarding the causal relationships among inflation, output growth, and their uncertainties, we consider five relationships for which we find strong theoretical arguments and empirical evidence in the literature. The empirical evidence strongly supports the Friedman-Ball hypothesis that inflation Granger-causes inflation uncertainty. For the other four tested hypotheses, fewer significant causal relationships are obtained.     

The Emerging Role of the European Commission in Merger and Acquisition Monitoring: The Boeing–McDonnell Douglas Case

The object of this study is to evaluate the consequences of the application of the EEC Regulation 4064/89 to non–European companies. We focus on the Boeing–McDonnell Douglas merger case, one of the first non–European mergers considered by the Commission. The analysis of abnormal returns on the two securities shows that the threat of a ban of the merger by the Commission were not perceived as credible at first. But when Boeing decided to ask the support of the American government, just after the decision of the European Commission to extend its investigations to the long term exclusivity contracts, the role of the Commission emerged.     

现代商业银行组织架构重组：欧洲经验及其启示

一、欧洲商业银行组织架构重组原则的演变 从商业银行内部组织结构的发展演看,20世纪70年代,各国大部分银行组织的内部结构都根据业务种类或产品来划分的.