基于引力模型的洋葱出口贸易影响因素分析

本文在分析我国洋葱的生产及贸易现状的基础上,基于2001-2019年中国与贸易伙伴国洋葱的进出口贸易数据,运用贸易引力模型,研究影响中国洋葱出口贸易的主要影响因素。研究结果显示,中国洋葱出口贸易主要受到空间距离、国家经济发展水平、贸易伙伴国洋葱产量、人口规模以及汇率等因素的影响。最后从优化贸易环境、完善贸易结构、稳定和开拓贸易市场等方面提出扩大洋葱出口贸易,我国应优化贸易环境,加大交通运输等基础设施的建设力度;稳定中国洋葱出口现有市场,促进双方洋葱贸易良好发展;积极开拓洋葱出口新市场,挖掘中国与伙伴国的洋葱贸易潜力。     

绿色贸易壁垒对中国玩具出口的影响研究

本文采用1996-2010年中国与六个主要玩具贸易伙伴国的面板数据,运用个体固定效应变截距模型实证分析了绿色贸易壁垒对中国玩具产品出口的影响。结果表明,在控制贸易伙伴国的国内需求、双边实际汇率、中国国内产品标准以及出口退税率等重要变量的条件下,伙伴国的绿色贸易壁垒对中国玩具出口产生了显著的负向影响。最后根据研究结论提出了中国规避绿色贸易壁垒,以继续保持和发挥玩具产品比较优势的针对性建议。     

伙伴国贸易便利化对中国出口的影响——基于跨国实证研究

中国与伙伴国之间的传统关税与非关税壁垒逐渐降到相对较低水平,贸易便利化水平在中国对外贸易发展中愈显重要。运用2009—2019年中国116个贸易伙伴国的跨国面板数据,从硬件基础设施和软性基础设施两个方面,实证分析了伙伴国贸易便利化水平对中国出口的影响。研究发现:在硬件方面,伙伴国交通和通信基础设施对中国出口均有较强促进作用,发展中国家硬件基础设施对中国出口的促进作用强于发达国家。在软性基础设施方面,海关环境对中国出口有正向促进作用,规则环境对中国出口的影响较弱;发展中国家软性基础设施对中国出口的影响也大于发达国家。     

人民币汇率对出口贸易结构的影响——以制成品研究为例

本文以中国20个主要贸易伙伴国(或地区)为横截面单元,利用各横截面单元1993～2008年的样本组成面板数据,进而建立面板数据模型来考察人民币实际汇率变动对我国制成品出口贸易结构的影响。结果表明,人民币实际汇率对我国制成品出口商品结构的升级具有明显的刺激作用,并且不同出口国家或地区自发因素对我国贸易结构的影响存在差异。     

影响中国出口贸易的多因素分析——基于引力模型的研究

改革开放以来,中国出口贸易流量不断增加,国外需求成为中国产品总需求的重要部分,因此对中国出口贸易的影响因素的研究具有重要的意义。贸易引力模型是研究国际贸易的重要方法,本文运用引力模型,分析了2012年中国对39位主要贸易伙伴的出口情况,得出影响中国出口贸易数额的主要因素为贸易伙伴国的经济规模、贸易开放程度、地理距离、贸易制度和两国经济发展水平的差异。基于以上分析,提出增加中国出口贸易数额的政策建议。     

中印两国服务贸易出口结构变动的比较及启示

文章利用1990～2007年中印两国服务贸易数据,以中国加入WTO后的服务出口结构变动为重点,在对不同时期的两国服务贸易出口结构变动及增长率进行深入比较分析基础上,利用服务贸易结构变动的相关指数对两国的服务贸易结构变动及效果进行了测度,结果表明目前中国的服务出口规模及增长率虽然领先于印度,但中国的服务贸易出口结构优化升级方面远不如印度,印度在服务贸易“质”的方面优势将对中国服务出口规模的可持续性形成挑战。     

中国出口贸易文化异质性效应研究——来自主要贸易伙伴国的经验证据

本文通过引入马氏距离法来测度文化异质性,在Anderson和van Wincoop(2003)的框架下构建了一个具有微观理论基础的扩展引力模型,并使用Baier和Bergstand(2009)一阶泰勒近似的方法来控制多边阻力,在此基础上研究了文化异质性对中国出口贸易的影响.研究发现:(1)文化因素是中国出口贸易的重要影响因素,文化异质性对中国出口贸易具有显著的抑制效应,向贸易伙伴国的出口随着文化差异的增加而显著减少;(2)相对于高收入贸易伙伴国,向低收入贸易伙伴国的出口受文化异质性的影响相对更强;(3)文化异质性对中国出口贸易的影响存在显著的产品差异.文化异质性对初级产品的出口抑制作用较大,对工业制成品的出口抑制作用较小.本文的研究结论表明增强出口市场自主选择性、调整出口结构、进一步完善出口企业配套信息服务机制对促进出口贸易平稳较快增长具有重要意义.     

中国与RCEP伙伴国服务贸易竞争力与互补性分析

服务贸易已逐渐成为促进经济发展的重要动力,RCEP的签署生效也将为区域经济和服务贸易的发展带来更开放的环境和更大的贸易潜力。本文对中国与RCEP伙伴国服务贸易的竞争力与互补性进行分析,发现RCEP国家服务贸易整体竞争力较弱,多数行业存在比较劣势。中国出口与RCEP伙伴国进口服务贸易的互补性低于中国进口与RCEP伙伴国出口服务贸易,RCEP国家的服务贸易互补性需求情况存在行业差异,整体来看传统贸易行业的互补性需求高于新兴贸易行业。     

自主品牌汽车出口存在的问题及对策

2021年,新冠疫情影响了大多数国家,在贸易政策多变的情况下,自主品牌汽车要想在出口中不受影响继续前进,需要解决很多问题。本文以自主品牌汽车为研究对象,分析自主品牌汽车出口规模,品类和国际市场中的潜在消费者,准确发现自主品牌汽车在对外出口贸易中现存的问题,进而找到产生出口问题的原因,最终从企业方面提出自主品牌汽车出口问题的可行性解决方案,比如企业进行市场细分,不断宣传品牌,加大科研创新力度,完善售后体系等一系列完整的战略规划,在企业不懈努力下,相信自主品牌汽车在国际市场上将得到进一步的飞跃。     

中国对RCEP伙伴国数字服务贸易出口效率与潜力——基于随机前沿引力模型

数字服务贸易是我国经济恢复与增长的新引擎,但我国数字服务贸易长期存在逆差,行业结构不合理。加强我国与RCEP伙伴国双边数字服务贸易合作,对推动我国数字服务贸易高质量发展、扭转贸易逆差意义重大。基于2005—2021年我国与13个RCEP伙伴国数字服务贸易面板数据,分析我国与RCEP伙伴国数字服务贸易现状,进而利用随机前沿引力模型分析其出口效率与潜力及影响因素。研究发现,从自然因素看,人均GDP、人口规模、共同语言对数字服务贸易出口促进作用显著,地理距离、共同边界对数字服务贸易出口阻碍作用显著;从人为因素看,贸易开放度、数字基础设施水平、自由贸易协定、东盟“10+3”机制、区域贸易协定对我国数字服务贸易出口促进作用显著,利用外资水平、金融发展水平对我国数字服务贸易出口有阻碍作用但不显著;从出口效率看,我国对RCEP伙伴国数字服务贸易出口效率整体偏低,且市场异质性明显,提升空间很大;从出口潜力和拓展空间看,数字服务贸易RCEP伙伴国大多数是冰山型市场,极少数是扩张型市场,没有发展型和饱和型市场,我国数字服务贸易出口潜力和拓展空间巨大。为进一步提高我国对RCEP伙伴国数字服务贸易出口效率、深...     

Analysis on the determinants of currency invoicing in Korean trade

We investigate the determinants of currency invoicing in trade using import and export transactions data between Korea and its 30 major trading partners from 2000 to 2013. We find a noticeably different pattern of currency invoicing from advanced countries. For example, a large market share of Korean exporters in partner countries does not guarantee more use of the Korean won in currency invoicing. This might be attributed to a low degree of Korean won's internationalisation and the strong coalescing effect. We also observe that the higher the level of industry product differentiation, the weaker the coalescing motive. In addition, we verify that the share of invoicing in the currency of Korea's trading partner tends to be higher when the partner country has (i) a larger trade volume, (ii) higher level of financial development, (iii) lower inflation and lower price volatility and (iv) its own currency with lower transaction costs.     

Gonow Takes Leading Role in Independent Brand Auto Exp.

The People＇s Bank of China （PBC）, China＇s central bank, disclosed the macro-control goals for its monetary policy in 2006.     

The Impact of Online and Offline Information Sources on Automobile Choice Behavior

The Internet has significantly impacted the information search behavior of consumers. Many consumers regularly consult Internet sources for information on product categories, brands, manufacturers, and retailers, particularly when making a purchase decision about major durable goods. Automobiles are one example of such goods. The Internet has become a major source for information on automobile brands, attributes, and dealers. While much research has been done on the impact of the Internet on automobile information search behavior and search costs, there is limited work on the relationship between Internet use and the ultimate automobile choice. This type of relationship may have interesting managerial implications for both manufacturers of automobiles and firms that provide information on automobiles. This paper attempts to address this gap. It examines whether Internet use is associated with different choice patterns for automobiles. Using discrete choice analysis on automobile choice data, we explore whether there will be differences in the salience of specific information types for online versus offline consumers. We find that Internet users rely more on ratings while non-Internet users rely more on recommendations when making automobile choices. Our findings have several useful managerial implications for information provision, both online and offline.     

Understanding the Effectiveness of Positioning Bases With Regard to Customer Perceptions

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to identify whether brands positioned in customers’ minds with features, abstract, benefit, or surrogate bases differ in their favorability, credibility, and differentiation. First, focus group studies were conducted to determine attributes related with automobiles and to select the automobile brands. Then, a survey was conducted to examine the effectiveness of brands that have different positions in customers’ minds. A perceptual map was derived through correspondence analysis. Results of Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests revealed that brands positioned on consumers’ minds with different positioning bases differ in their favorability, differentiation, and credibility.     

我国运输服务贸易竞争力分析

本文即旨在借用一些常用的贸易竞争力分析方法专门针对我国运输服务贸易的竞争力进行讨论。首先,本文计算了我国及世界主要国家的运输服务贸易描述性统计指标、贸易竞争力指数(NTB)及显性比较优势指数(RCA),对我国运输服务贸易的国际地位进行了现状分析及动态分析。之后,主要用NTB和RCA衡量我国运输服务贸易竞争力并进行了讨论。     

The Welfare Loss of the Voluntary Export Restraint For Japanese Automobiles

The welfare loss from the voluntary export restraint (VER) on Japanese automobiles was estimated for the first year of the VER (April 1, 1981 to March 31, 1982). The impact of quantity reductions on the price of Japanese and domestic automobiles was used to estimate the welfare loss. Losses were estimated separately for the domestic small car market and the Japanese market in view of the existence of product differentiation. Welfare losses ranged from $446 million to $1,386 million depending on the price elasticity of demand assumed for Japanese automobiles. The welfare loss for domestic automobiles accounted for only a small proportion of this loss. The VER had a minor impact on the domestic automobile industry where sales remained low due to general economic conditions and limited substitutability between domestic and Japanese cars. However, the limited assistance provided by the VER to the domestic automobile industry entailed considerable costs as demonstrated by the magnitude of the welfare loss. A considerable part of this loss could have been avoided if other forms of trade protection such as tariffs had been used instead of the VER.     

The Gravity Model Analysis of Bangladesh's Trade: A Panel Data Approach

The article applies generalized gravity models to analyze Bangladesh's bilateral trade pattern using the panel data estimation technique. The results reveal that Bangladesh's trade is positively determined by the size of the economies, per capita gross domestic product differential and openness of the trading countries. Bangladesh's exports are positively determined by its income, partner countries' total import demand and openness, but negatively determined by partner countries' income and domestic inflation. Bangladesh's imports are positively determined by income of trading countries and degree of openness of the partner countries and negatively determined by partner countries' inflation. Transportation costs affect Bangladesh's trade negatively.     

海南出口贸易决定因素与出口潜力研究

本文基于引力方程实证研究了海南出口贸易的决定因素和出口潜力,研究结果表明:贸易伙伴的经济总量、经济发展水平以及贸易伙伴与海南的空间、文化、制度距离均是影响海南出口贸易的重要因素;尽管与香港、美国、德国等传统出口市场已"贸易过度",但对亚洲周边地区以及欧美主要发达国家仍有较大的出口潜力。     

Do inpayments and outpayments respond to exchange rate changes asymmetrically: Evidence from Malaysia

Since the pass-through of exchange rate changes on import and export prices are asymmetric, we expect a country’s inpayments (export earnings) and outpayments (cost of imports) to also react to exchange rate changes asymmetrically. We demonstrate this hypothesis by considering trade between Malaysia and each of her 11 largest trading partners. We find that while the short-run effects of exchange rate changes on Malaysia’s inpayments and outpayments are asymmetric with all partners, the long-run asymmetric effects are present in less than half of the partners. The results are partner specific.     

Coupon Trading and its Impacts on Consumer Purchase and Firm Profits

When a retailer distributes manufacturer coupons to consumers without perfectly identifying their product valuations, consumers may have incentives to trade coupons. We develop a model to capture the coupon trading phenomenon and compare three scenarios: (I) no coupon, (II) coupon without trading, and (III) coupon with trading. We find that coupon trading can increase the profits of either the retailer or the manufacturers, but not at the same time. The retailer benefits from coupon trading when the coupon market is competitive and consumer hassle cost is low, while the manufacturers benefit from coupon trading when the coupon market is uncompetitive and consumer hassle cost is high. In addition, coupon trading does not always increase total demand. Firms benefit from coupon trading by charging higher prices, which leads to a decreased total demand. As a result, consumers end up with a higher average cost under coupon trading. We also compare coupon trading with improved coupon targeting, and find that coupon trading may allow firms to gain higher profits than improved coupon targeting. Further, we extend the main model to a competitive setting where the products are substitutable, and find that the main results still hold. Finally, we employ numerical analysis to identify the optimal coupon face values in different scenarios, and the results suggest that coupon trading combined with incentive mechanisms may lead to Pareto improvement for the channel as a whole.