巨灾风险证券化中的操作风险及其控制途径

巨灾风险证券化是把巨灾保险风险转化为衍生证券,销售给金融市场上的投资者,以此实现巨灾保险风险向资本市场的分散转移。但受信息不对称、触发机制等因素影响,巨灾风险证券化这种复杂的技术手段也会引起一些操作风险,如道德风险、基差风险、信用风险等。通过完善信息披露机制、合理选择触发方式、强化巨灾证券的交易保证金要求、加强监管等措施,可以有效地降低巨灾风险证券化过程中的各种风险,促进其平稳健康发展。     

大数据视阈下资产证券化基础资产风险重构--以互联网消费信贷信用分析为例

针对近年来我国互联网行业推出的互联网消费信贷以及2015年以来将消费者信贷资产证券化后向投资者推出的现象,本文立足于传统信贷风险的分析并同时考虑资产证券化会为消费者信贷带来的风险因素,力图探讨这类新兴互联网金融产品的风险控制问题,同时证明建立互联网征信系统的迫切性。在分析中涉及到对于目前我国征信系统的发展概况以及大数据时代之下互联网金融征信的发展可期的方向;并与美国新兴成熟互联网征信平台ZestFinance进行对比,旨在为我国互联网消费信贷资产证券化征信平台建立提出发展的思路。     

指数保险有效性实证分析

运用Miranda模型研究发现,农户个体产量波动与所在区域产量波动存在高度正相关性,基于区域产量保险的保费率低于传统农业保险的保费率,这有利于刺激指数保险的需求。由于指数保险克服了传统农业保险市场中的逆向选择与道德风险问题,降低了交易成本,从而指数保险能够降低农户的保费支出并有效管理农业生产风险。     

Market structure and diversification of mutual funds

This study characterizes a systematic relationship between the diversification incentives and the market structure of the mutual funds industry with investors differentiated by their attitude towards risk. With sufficiently low competition the subgame perfect portfolio equilibrium exhibits maximal risk differentiation. With intensified competition intermediate funds, i.e., those attracting investors with intermediate attitudes towards risk, select diversified portfolios. Finally, we offer a general characterization of how imperfect competition between risk-differentiated funds will generate an equilibrium relationship between risk and expected returns.     

资产证券化与银行体系稳定性研究

本文基于美国主要银行资产证券化面板数据的回归模型和单因素联结模型,研究资产证券化对银行个体和系统性风险的影响。研究结果发现,对于银行个体而言,开展资产证券化业务并不会影响其稳定性,而持有证券化资产则会对其稳定性产生不利影响。对于银行系统而言,证券化资产在银行系统内和系统外不同的配置情况将导致不同的风险结果。市场上的过度证券化行为以及由资产证券化引起的银行间收益相关性的上升可能会导致较大的系统性风险。最后,本文基于美国的研究结果对我国银行开展资产证券化业务提出相应的对策建议。     

试析资产证券化在我国的应用取向

从投资者的角度出发,资产证券化为投资者提供了一种优良的投资品种:资产支持证券,在投资者和融资者之间建立了一种新的资金融通渠道.开展资产证券化业务,必须遵循严谨的运作规范,如破产隔离、真实销售等.金融资产证券化具有广泛发展前景,但不良资产资产证券化,在我国当前的市场环境下,不宜规模化展开.     

我国基础设施资产证券化变通模式的分析与选择

基础设施资产证券化模式选择是决定证券化技术解决城市开发建设融资瓶颈问题成败与否的关键.依据证券化模式选择的原则,在目前我国提出的三种变通模式中,以国有资产管理公司设立SPV的方案既符合资产证券化的条件,也能够满足证券化主体收益最大化所要求的资产规模和持续期,是目前法律框架下的最优选择.     

Securitization,competition and monitoring

We analyze the impact of loan securitization on competition in the loan market. Using a dynamic loan market competition model where borrowers face both exogenous and endogenous costs to switch between banks, we uncover a competition softening effect of securitization that allows banks to extract rents in the primary loan market. By reducing monitoring incentives, securitization mitigates winner’s curse effects in future stages of competition thereby decreasing ex ante competition for initial market share. Due to this competition softening effect, securitization can adversely affect loan market efficiency while leading to higher equilibrium profits for banks. This effect is driven by primary loan market competition, not by the exploitation of informational asymmetries in the secondary market for loans. We also argue that banks can use securitization as a strategic response to an increase in competition, as a tool to signal a reduction in monitoring intensity for the sole purpose of softening ex ante competition. Our result suggests that securitization reforms focusing exclusively on informational asymmetries in markets for securitized products may overlook competitive conditions in the primary market.     

基于合同能源管理项目的资产证券化分析

我国EPC项目融资难的原因之一是节能服务企业信用水平不足。资产证券化可以实现项目信用与企业信用分离,是一种值得探索的融资模式。本文尝试设计了基于EPC项目证券化融资的交易结构和交易流程,讨论了基于EPC项目进行证券化融资的要点。     

住房抵押贷款支持证券定价模型的发展与启示

住房抵押贷款证券化发行的住房抵押贷款支持证券包含提前偿还风险和违约风险两个期权,这使得其定价要比一般债券的定价复杂得多。而我国的住房抵押贷款证券化又有着不同证券化发达国家的特点,因此研究国外定价模型的适用情景和发展对我国的实践是非常必要的。本文旨在沿着住房抵押贷款支持证券定价理论结构化和简约化模型两条主要线索的发展,对该领域的最新研究成果进行介绍和评价,并得出和我国住房抵押贷款证券化实践相关的启示。     

Securitization and distressed loan renegotiation: Evidence from the subprime mortgage crisis

We examine whether securitization impacts renegotiation decisions of loan servicers, focusing on their decision to foreclose a delinquent loan. Conditional on a loan becoming seriously delinquent, we find a significantly lower foreclosure rate associated with bank-held loans when compared to similar securitized loans: across various specifications and origination vintages, the foreclosure rate of delinquent bank-held loans is 3% to 7% lower in absolute terms (13% to 32% in relative terms). There is a substantial heterogeneity in these effects with large effects among borrowers with better credit quality and small effects among lower quality borrowers. A quasi-experiment that exploits a plausibly exogenous variation in securitization status of a delinquent loan confirms these results.     

我国商业银行资产证券化研究

资产证券化起始于上世纪70年代,孵化于美国金融市场,经过几十年的发展,已经成为国际资本市场发展最快、最具生命力的金融工具。资产证券化对于金融市场快速发展的中国同样具有重要意义,有利于优化金融市场结构、增加社会融资渠道,加深金融要素的流通,深化金融领域的创新。本文通过分析资产证券化在我国的发展历程,提出了我国商业银行资产证券化的必要性。     

Excess returns and international diversification: The Scandinavian view

The paper discusses excess returns within four Scandinavian stock markets and also how Scandinavian returns are related to the returns in non-Scandinavian markets. Some underlying reasons for the observed economically weak relationships between markets are reviewed. Moreover, some reasons why the interrelationships between markets can be expected to increase in the future are provided.     

How loan portfolio diversification affects risk, efficiency and capitalization: A managerial behavior model for Austrian banks

The aim of this paper is to analyze how diversification of banks across size and industry affects risk, cost and profit efficiency, and bank capitalization for large Austrian commercial banks over the years 1997–2003. Employing a unique dataset, provided by the Austrian Central Bank, we test for several different types of managerial hypotheses, formalized according to a modified version of the Berger and DeYoung model [Berger, A.N., DeYoung, R., 1997. Problem loans and cost efficiency in commercial banks. Journal of Banking and Finance 21, 849–870]. We find that, although diversification negatively affects cost efficiency, it increases profit efficiency and reduces banks’ realized risk. Finally, diversification seems to have a positive impact on banks’ capitalization.     

Leveraged investor disclosures and concentrations of risk

We analyze a model where investors (e.g., hedge funds) need to borrow from lenders with heterogeneous risk-exposures and risk-management motives. Investors may obtain advantageous terms of borrowing by disclosing their investment strategy, thereby revealing its correlation to the lender's existing risk exposure. Investors risk being “front-run” by their lender if they disclose, however. We show that in the presence of front-running, the “unraveling” result of full disclosure may not hold. In addition, disclosure regulation results in a loss of welfare since investors compelled to disclose will mitigate front-running by choosing a lender with sufficiently high correlation, thus exacerbating concentrations of risk.     

Securitization and financial solvency: empirical evidence from Portugal

This paper analyses the effect of securitization issues on the solvency of Portuguese financial institutions. For this purpose, we use an unbalanced panel model estimated using GMM methods and find that securitization has a slightly positive impact on the soundness of the issuing entity. We study 35 financial entities and 60 traditional securitizations issued by 9 originators between 2001 and 2013. The analysis reveals that the financial entities’ soundness improved slightly, showing that securitization enhanced the quality of the originators’ portfolios and increased the regulatory capital requirements. We also found that efficiency and profitability improve the risk-adjusted ROAA and that efficiency increases regulatory capital requirements. The robustness analysis confirms the positive effect of securitization on solvency, where both credit quality and liquidity are shown to be significant variables.     

Collateral composition,diversification risk,and systemically important merchant banks

The impact of collateral diversification by non-financial firms on systemic risk is studied in a general equilibrium model with standard production functions and mixed debt-equity financing. Systemic risk comes about as soon as firms diversify their collateral by holding claims on a big wholesale (merchant) bank whose asset side includes claims on the same producer set. The merchant bank sector proves to be fragile (has a short distance to default) regardless of competition. In this setting, the policy response, consisting in official guarantees for the merchant bank's liabilities, entails considerable government loss risk. An alternative without the need for public sector involvement is to encourage systemically important merchant banks to introduce a simple bail-in mechanism by restricting their liabilities to contingent convertible bonds. This line of regulatory policy is particularly relevant to the containment of systemic events in globally leveraged economies serviced by big international banks outside host country regulatory control.     

The dark side of diversification: The case of US financial holding companies

Potential diversification benefits are one reason why US financial holding companies are offering a growing range of financial services. This paper examines whether the observed shift toward activities that generate fees, trading revenue, and other non-interest income has improved the performance of US financial holding companies (FHCs) from 1997 to 2002. We find evidence that diversification benefits exist between FHCs, but these gains are offset by the increased exposure to non-interest activities, which are much more volatile but not necessarily more profitable than interest-generating activities. Within FHCs, however, marginal increases in revenue diversification are not associated with better performance, while marginal increases in non-interest income are still associated with lower risk-adjusted profits. The key finding that diversification gains are more than offset by the costs of increased exposure to volatile activities represents the dark side of the search for diversification benefits and has implications for supervisors, managers, investors, and borrowers.     

Securitization of mezzanine capital in Germany

A recent trend in the German asset-backed securities (ABS) market is the securitization of subordinated loans and profit participation agreements (PPAs) granted to medium-sized enterprises (MEs). This paper provides an overview of this growing market and analyzes the benefits of such transactions for portfolio companies as well as for originators and potential investors. Simulations of 10 recent transactions indicate that despite the relatively low interest rates charged on obligors, originators and investors can earn attractive returns at fairly low risk. In particula, the junior tranches of these securitizations exhibit quite attractive risk-return profiles.