轨道交通对城市空间形态的影响

从轨道交通线网、轨道交通站点与空间形态、轨道交通与城市发展轴、轨道交通与城市中心等四个方面讨论了轨道交通对城市空间形态的影响.     

Popular movements and urban alternatives in post-Franco Spain

L'Espagne se trouve à l'encontre de sévères problèmes urbains que le régime authoritaire ne peut résoudre. Au fǔr et à mesure que ce régime se désintère, de nouvelles revendications surgissent; mais en Espagne, contrairement au Portugale, ce sont des mouvements organisés qui réclament une nouvelle politique. Ces mouvements populaires sont fondés sur les quartiers (Barrios); cette communication s'addresse à leurs développement à Barcelone. Les mouvements urbains de cette ville ont évolués à partir d'une contestation d'issus d'envergure locale, à une qui s'addresse aux processus et planification de toute la ville. Un réseau de groupes a créé les moyens pour une renaissance d'une vie collective et démocratique. Le droit à un logement convenable, aux aménagements adéquats, au contrǒle sur l'industrie et la pollution, et à une suspension des rénovations urbaines, s'est fait valoir. Les moyens par lequels ces objectifs sont accomplis sont esquissés. Une critique de la planification implique celle de l'administration municipale. Divers genres de protestations ont eu lieu à différentes périodes dans l'évolution de cette critique. C'est maintenant que les mouvements communautaires, les analystes de l'urbain, et les nouveaux groupes politiques ont besoin de travailler ensemble afin développer un nouveau contexte pour le gouvernement municipal, à l'intérieur d'un programme socio-économique plus large. Dans n'importe quel système futur, les groupes des Barrios continueront de jouer un rǒle essentiel. Un mouvement vers une réforme municipale accompagnera vraisemblablement un changement social plus grand, surtout celui de la lutte pour l'autonomie Catalane.     

城市轨道交通车辆制动方式综述

改革开放以来,我国经济高速发展,城市面貌日新月异,我国城市化进程明显加快,机动车数量增加迅猛,这就带来了如何缓解城市交通拥堵、减小环境污染、解决能源危机等一系列问题。城市轨道交通车辆的速度可以达到公共汽车的3倍;安全、准点率高,给上班族提供了时间保障;轨道交通采用电力牵引,能源利用率高,环境污染少。但由于城市轨道交通车站之间的距离大约1 km左右,所以车辆需频繁的调速和制动,对车辆的制动有较高的要求。因此,文章主要讲述了城市轨道交通车辆采用的几种制动方式。     

Urbanization in some hierarchical urban models

"This paper examines two aspects of hierarchical urban models: the variations of total urban population and that of the urbanization ratio, in function of the number of hierarchical levels. Both variations are analysed through four categories of models. The complexity of the results suggests two approximations in order to make the analysis more tractable."     

城市发展中的文化自觉与文化创新——以"新天地"为例

在城市现代化进程中,如何处理好历史文化与城市改造之间的关系是显示城市文明程度和关系到城市文化发展的重要课题.以上海"新天地"区域的改造模式为案例进行文化层面的解读,力图阐明城市发展中文化自觉与文化创新的必要性和实践性,分别从实例分析和理论阐释层面指出,建立在认识自我和借鉴他者基础上的文化自觉精神和文化创新实践是城市文化发展的必由之路.     

城市创新系统理论研究综述

首先,阐明并追溯了城市创新系统的定义、学术史渊源和理论来源,其后,从组织结构、功能特征、运作机制、系统构建、评价体系等方面对城市创新系统研究进行了回顾和理论总结,并指出了当前研究中存在的问题.     

城市轨道交通次生环境影响评价指标体系建构

城市轨道交通项目的建设给城市的经济环境、社会环境和自然环境带来极大的次生环境影响,因此有必要对城市轨道交通次生环境影响进行切合实际的综合评价.在总结城市轨道交通次生环境影响评价基本特点的基础上,构建了城市轨道交通次生环境影响评价指标体系,给出了各个评价指标的量化方法和评价标准,从多个方面论证了城市轨道交通的正面效益更多地体现在其对城市的次生环境影响中.这一结论的得出为建立和完善城市轨道交通次生环境影响评价理论,正确进行城市轨道交通项目投资决策奠定了的基础.     

科技成果转化与技术创新:创新范式的比较与转变探讨

如何发挥科学技术的强大经济功能,国内外存在着科技成果转化和技术创新两种思维范式;科技成果转化的思维范式带有明显的机械论思维特征和计划经济特征,在现代市场经济条件下存在明显的机制性缺陷;在创新驱动发展战略中必须确立技术创新的范式,实现由科技成果转化范式向技术创新范式转变。     

A description of some factors affecting technological innovation in industry in the United Kingdom and some remedies to improve the climate

The change of innovation and its successful implementation at the industrial levels are important features of economic development and, therefore, are of great significance for the future of industries. This paper concentrates on the analysis of the past performance of industries in the U.K., which has shown a decline in technological innovation and international trade when compared to other industrial countries. The first section of the paper considers the channels for exploration of new technology with the aid of established companies, new companies and the public sector. The second half of the paper considers the factors affecting technological innovation such as economic conditions, size of market, sources of finance, patents and licensing. The paper concludes with several suggested recommendations for policy changes to improve directly or indirectly the incentives for technological innovation in the industries of the U.K.     

The possible adverse impact of innovation subsidies: some evidence from Italy

The impact of public funding on innovative productivity is estimated using a sample of Italian firm-level data (CIS3). A bivariate endogenous switching model is developed in order to free the analysis of the sources of sample selection and firm heterogeneity, the possible simultaneity between subsidy allocation and the qualitative composition of the innovative output, as well as the endogeneity of public support with respect to innovative performance. Results show that innovative productivity is negatively affected by the subsidy; as a result of government intervention, supported firms appear to exhaust their advantage through merely increasing their innovative expenditures.     

德国城市规划的制度创新——环境鉴定与环境报告制度

随着2004年德国新版<建设法典>的颁布实施,德国城市规划制度引入了法定的环境鉴定和环境报告制度,成为德国城市规划的又一项制度创新.介绍了<建设法典>中关于环境鉴定和环境报告制度出现的背景及其主要章节,分析了其环境鉴定和环境报告的要点,并阐述了结合环境鉴定和环境报告的德国城市规划编制的新程序.     

轨道交通对城市住房发展的影响综述

从轨道交通对城市住房价格和空间分布、居住用地开发强度的影响及影响的时效性等各方面综述了国内外研究进展,得出以下结论:除个别区域和时段外,轨道交通将引起沿线住房价格上涨,位于郊区、开发成熟度低的地区和中等价值的住房价格上涨最为明显;轨道交通将引起沿线居住用地开发强度的提高,提高的幅度与站点的功能关系密切;轨道交通吸引住房需求向轨道线路和站点附近集聚,并使市中心的居住需求向郊区转移,加快郊区化进程,同时改变中心区住房的类型结构,最终改变城市的空间结构;轨道交通对住房价格的影响具有时效性,影响程度随规划、施工、运营等不同时期而不同。     

An empirical comparison of the Tucker-Messick and INDSCAL models: Measuring viewpoints about transit attributes

This investigation sought (1) to identify perceptually homogenous respondent groups by two individual differences scaling models initially proposed by Tucker and Messick, and Carroll and Chang, (2) to reveal the significance of group percepts with respect to anticipated satisfactions and socio-economic and activity pattern characteristics of group members, and (3) to test empirically the significance of formal distinctions between the two individual differences models. The study utilized judgments about 12 transit attributes of three innovative urban, public transportation modes from a sample of 243 respondents. It was possible to specify seven perceptually homogenous groups, which were distinct in terms of a qualitative analysis of their perceptual spaces and a quantitative convergent-discriminant validity analysis predicated on the distances between pairs of attributes in their spaces. The perceptual groups were shown to have interpretable links to socio-economic and activity pattern characteristics of the respondents. In addition, it was possible to statistically account for the satisfaction ratings of the respondents by the dimensions of their corresponding spaces. Since the Tucker-Messick model was shown to derive more distinct spaces for the separate groups than the INDSCAL model of Carroll and Chang, the Tucker-Messick spaces more uniquely tied a group's percepts to its corresponding satisfactions.     

城镇化发展战略与城市体制创新

推进城镇化要与经济发展水平相适应 ,遵循客观规律 ,循序渐进 ;要走大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的道路 ;有重点地发展小城镇 ;注意城镇化进程中的环境保护与可持续发展问题。城镇化的进程中 ,还要制定新的设市标准 ,增设新的建制市镇 ,进行城镇化行政管理体制的改革创新。     

城市群及矿业城市的国际比较——以莱茵-鲁尔和辽宁中部城市群为例

在分析莱茵-鲁尔城市群和辽中城市群概况的基础上,对二者的产业结构及其中的矿业城市就业结构进行了比较研究,并对二者之间的经济环境、发展水平等差异进行比较,发现二者在多个指征上呈现出很大的相似性.基于二者的比较,给出了辽中城市群及矿业城市学习和借鉴莱茵-鲁尔城市群成功经验的建议和措施.     

Drivers to firm innovation and their effects on performance: an international comparison

This research aims to analyse the drivers to company innovation and their effects on the financial performance. This study is based upon a sample of companies, located in two neighbouring countries (Portugal and Spain). Linear regression was the methodology deployed to analyse the importance of innovation types (differences between Portugal and Spain). To analyse the extent to which the innovation capacity variables influence financial performance (turnover), we made recourse to Probit Regression models. Our results show significant differences in terms of both the drivers and inhibitors to innovation in these two countries. The introduction of products into new markets only proved significant at Spanish companies whilst innovations in both products and processes are significant in both sets of Iberian companies.