取消出口退税对钢铁产品市场的影响

前不久,国家取消了钢坯的出口退税.又有分析人士认为,今后还有可能降低或取消一些低附加植的钢材产品,如长材类产品的出口退税.     

Consumers’ perceptions of the fairness of price-matching refund policies

This paper examines the antecedents and consequences of perceived price-matching policy fairness. Among the antecedents, we study the effects of the refund depth if a lower competitive price is identified, the degree that the retail product assortment is available at competing retailers, and the consumers’ inference as to the retailer's motive for the price-matching policy. Product assortment uniqueness is identified as a key driver of fairness perceptions, both directly and indirectly through inferred motive. The three experiments show that consumers’ perceptions of the fairness of a store's pricing policy influence their price fairness perceptions, consequently influencing their retail shopping intentions.     

Online marketing: When to offer a refund for advanced sales

Advance selling is a marketing strategy commonly used by online retailers to increase sales by exploiting consumer valuation uncertainty. Recently, some online retailers have started to allow refunds on products sold in advance. On the one hand this reduces the net advance sales, but on the other hand it allows a higher advance sales price. This research is the first to explore the overall effect of allowing a refund on profits from advance sales, identifying conditions where advance selling with or without refunds (or no advance selling at all) is best. We analytically compare the profits of three advance selling strategies: none, without refund, and with refund. We show that selling in advance and allowing a refund is optimal for products with a relatively small profit margin and small strategic market size, and that the added profit can be considerable. Our results guide managers in selecting the right advance selling strategy. To facilitate this, we graphically display, based on the two dimensions of regular profit margin and strategic market size, under what conditions the different strategies are optimal.     

Consumer perceptions of refund depth and competitive scope in price-matching guarantees: effects on store patronage

The study investigates the effect of two characteristics of price-matching guarantees—the depth of refund offer and the scope of competitors eligible for price matching—on consumer perceptions of price-matching guarantee believability and value and consumer intentions to patronize the retailer. The results show that large refund offers built consumer patronage intentions by enhancing perceptions of the value of the price-matching guarantee, while simultaneously exerting a negative impact on patronage by reducing believability of the price-matching promise. The competitive scope also affected the patronage intentions by influencing the perceived value of the price-matching policy.     

关于出口企业退税行为的博弈分析

出口企业选择依法退税还是违法骗税受到多种因素的影响。建立税务机关与出口企业之间完全信息动态的无限重复博弈模型,得到子博弈精炼纳什均衡解,进而分析出口企业退税行为选择受到税务机关检查成功的概率、税收机关的检查成本以及骗税额等因素的影响,并提出提高企业依法退税率的政策建议。     

Foreign Exchange Intervention and Exchange Rate Volatility in Zambia

The study analyzes the impact of central bank intervention on the volatility of the exchange rate in Zambia during the period of 1996–2013 Bank of Zambia (BoZ). (1996–2013). Annual Reports . Lusaka , Zambia : Author. [Google Scholar]. The empirical findings reveal a statistically weak negative impact of intervention on exchange rate volatility, suggesting that other policy instruments are required to augment foreign exchange interventions in dampening volatility in the exchange rate.     

Structural models of complementary choices

This article reviews the rapidly growing literature on structural models of complementary choices. It discusses recent modeling developments and identifies promising areas for future research.     

Exchange Rate,Exchange Rate Volatility and Foreign Direct Investment

In the light of the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) for the promotion of economic development, this paper examines the impact of the changes in the real exchange rate and its volatility on FDI. Examining Japan's FDI by industries, we found that the depreciation of the currency of the host country attracted FDI, while the high volatility of the exchange rate discouraged FDI. Our results suggest the need to avoid over‐valuation of the exchange rate and to maintain stable but flexible exchange rate in order to attract FDI.     

会计核算与统计核算的互补分析

会计核算与统计核算并存,虽然会计核算与统计核算不尽相同,但是它们之间通过相互补充,既不影响它们独自的特性,而且还会促进两个领域的自我完善.文章分析了会计核算与统计核算的差异,并提出了会计核算与统计核算的互补措施.     

会计核算与统计核算的互补分析

会计核算与统计核算并存,虽然会计核算与统计核算不尽相同,但是它们之间通过相互补充,既不影响它们独自的特性,而且还会促进两个领域的自我完善.文章分析了会计核算与统计核算的差异,并提出了会计核算与统计核算的互补措施.     

Finance and Foreign Exchange

I. Chinese financial system
The present financial system in China is, under the leadership of the People＇s Bank of China and with exclusively Stateowned commercial banks as the main body, a financial institution system allowing simultaneous co-existence, divide the work and coordination of the State policyrelated banks, other commercial banks and various financial institutions.     

贸易模式、汇率传递与人民币汇率安排

结合中国现行贸易模式的特点,文章从社会福利最大化目标入手,采用了新政治经济学中关于汇率制度战略选择的研究方法,对进一步扩大人民币汇率弹性和汇率升值的影响进行了分析.研究发现,加工贸易和一般贸易对汇率变动的反应弹性差异很大,不同国际贸易模式下的汇率传递系数是不同的.因此如果我国现行对外贸易依然以加工贸易为主,扩大汇率波动幅度在理论上并不会对我国社会福利产生严重影响.研究结果进一步支持加大汇率弹性更有利于丰富货币政策当局的工具选择范围,有助于国内货币政策独立性的保持,也有助于推进出口产业的结构调整和升级.是当前人民币汇率制度改革方向的合理选择.     

外汇交易市场的汇率协整分析

本文通过单位根检验,确定汇率的价格序列具有一阶差分平稳性,在此基础上对外汇交易市场几种汇率之间的协整关系进行实证分析,研究发现他们存在着长期的稳定关系,这将有助于投资者制定决策并有效地规避风险。     

噪声交易、人民币汇率波动与汇率制度选择

本文构建了一个包含宏观经济基本面和外汇市场微观结构的理论模型,将进入外汇市场的噪声交易者数量内生化,合理解释了人民币汇率波动的形成机制。理论分析表明,汇率波动既与宏观经济基本面波动正相关,也与进入外汇市场的噪声交易者数量正相关。在给定宏观经济基本面波动的情况下,人民币汇率波动取决于噪声交易者对人民币风险溢价的预期。当噪声交易者对人民币风险溢价的预期较高时,实行有管理的浮动汇率制度能够有效抑制噪声交易者进入外汇市场,有助于降低人民币汇率波动并提升货币政策效果。基于理论分析结论,本文采用1996年1月至2015年6月的月度数据对中国的无抛补利率平价进行实证检验,间接测度了人民币外汇市场中噪声交易者数量的变化。实证结果显示,人民币外汇市场中噪声交易者的数量较多,且随着2012年4月后人民币汇率浮动区间的扩大,噪声交易者的数量明显增加。     

关于人民币双重压力缓解和汇制改革的思考

分别从内外两个角度分析了目前的经济形势,得出了人民币面临着双重压力———既有升值的外在压力又有贬值的内在要求这一结论。根据这一结论,提出了缓解双重压力的措施,即保持人民币汇率稳定的对外缓解升值压力,对内扩大内需;接着,提出了人民币汇率制度改革的方向:短期,继续维持人民币汇率基本稳定;中期,改钉住汇率制度为汇率目标区制度;长期,退出汇率目标区制度,实行浮动汇率制。     

Sanctions and the Exchange Rate

Intereconomics - Stabilising the exchange rate allows the Russian government to anchor inflation expectations and support consumption but comes at the cost of the financial repression of domestic...     

人民币汇率改革下企业如何规避汇率风险

人民币汇率改革使企业直接暴露在汇率风险之下,企业面临的汇率风险控制成为迫在眉睫的问题.企业在签订交易合同过程中,除了应注意选择货币的问题之外,还要充分利用金融工具避险,这已经成为一种在技术上解决汇率风险的主要方法.企业应多向银行咨询,利用其研究力量来帮助自己分析前景,合理在外汇市场上运用各种外汇衍生工具束规避风险.企业只有采用多种方式,才能使汇率风险化解到最小值.     

人民币汇率改革下企业如何规避汇率风险

人民币汇率改革使企业直接暴露在汇率风险之下,企业面临的汇率风险控制成为迫在眉睫的问题。企业在签订交易合同过程中,除了应注意选择货币的问题之外,还要充分利用金融工具避险,这已经成为一种在技术上解决汇率风险的主要方法。企业应多向银行咨询,利用其研究力量来帮助自己分析前景,合理在外汇市场上运用各种外汇衍生工具来规避风险。企业只有采用多种方式,才能使汇率风险化解到最小值。     

The relative efficiencies of price execution between the Singapore Exchange and the Taiwan Futures Exchange

Both the Singapore Exchange (SGX) and the Taiwan Futures Exchange (TAIFEX) offer future contracts based on Taiwan's stock‐market indices. TAIFEX reduced the transaction tax from 5 basis points to 2.5 basis points on May 1, 2000. Hence, empirical tests are performed on the differences in trading costs and information transmissions between SGX and TAIFEX for the sample periods both before and after the tax reduction. It is shown that the reduction in the transaction tax greatly improves the efficiencies of price execution. Due to the structural differences between these two markets, the trading costs and speed of information transmissions also are different. The results also provide implications for the relative efficiencies of different market structures. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:173–196, 2002     

企业外汇风险防范

<正>企业外汇风险,是指企业在跨国经济交往中,持有或经营的外币资产或负债由于有关货币的汇率发生变动,给企业带来损失的可能性。而我国企业面临的外汇风险不同于完全市场条件下的外汇风险,带有明显的结售汇制度特点。对此,笔者认为,企业防范外汇风险可从外汇交易内部和外部两个方面着手。