论云南天然林保护与生物多样性保护

为了保护好云南的生物多样性，本文从云南天然林保护的角度，根据云南的天然林保护工程和生物多样性情况，论及天然林保护与生物多样性保护的关系，并提出了促进天然林和生物多样性保护的建议，即：坚持可持续发展的原则、应用社会林业的理论、使用科学研究的方法、开展国际合作的途径和贯彻信息化建设的思想，加强天然林保护工程建设，有效保护云南天然林资源和生物多样性。     

文化与生物多样性保护的经济机制

两天以来 ,听了国内外专家们的发言 ,专家们谈得较多的是文化和生物多样性保护的重要意义。我认为凡事要从利益出发 ,才能理解 ,也才能解决。针对与会专家对利益问题谈得较少 ,我今天讲话的主题是如何通过经济利益机制设定来实现生物和文化多样性的保护。为什么要保护生物和文化多样性保护文化和生物多样性 ,这似乎己成为当今人类社会的共识。但这种共识并非从来如此 ,这种共识是历史发展的产物。这几天专家们的发言 ,都强调的是保护生物和文化多样性 ,但对“为什么”的道理 ,谈得还不多。在 1 9世纪 ,文化及生物多样性的保护并不是人们关注…     

论生物多样性保护与持续发展

随着人口的迅速增长,人类经济活动的不断加剧,作为人类生存最为重要基础的生物多样性受到了严重的威胁。生物是人类食物、药物和工农业生产原料的基本来源。随着生产的发展和技术的改进,它们正在遭到过度的开发利用。许多地方不但生物资源已陷入枯竭的境地,而且它们所...     

建设项目的生物多样性保护分析评估初探——以云南省为例

生物多样性保护已经成为国内外所关注的一个重要内容.作为中国生物多样性最为丰富的一个省份,云南省的生物多样性保护工作一直是国际关注的重点.为了实现经济、社会发展与生物多样性保护的协调,有效保护生物多样性,在云南省生物多样性保护重点的44个县已经开展了建设项目对生物多样性影响的分析评估工作.本文对评估工作的基本情况进行了介绍,通过评价生物多样性的现状,分析和评估建设项目可能对生物多样性产生的影响,在此基础上指出保护生物多样性存在的问题.     

完善天山生物多样性法律保护的思考

2013年6月,在第37届世界遗产大会上,中国新疆天山成功入选,成为中国第44处世界遗产。天山成功申遗,是新疆走“环保优先、生态立区”发展战略的成果,是建设大美新疆新的起点。生物多样性是天山申遗成功的重要因素,对天山生物多样性的保护不仅能够促进新疆生态、旅游的发展,更是新疆可持续发展战略实施的基本需求。     

印度国家生物多样性计划关注知识产权保护

印度于今年2月通过了《国家生物多样性战略和行动计划》(NBSAP)。由联合国开发计划署(UNDP)和全球环境研究机构(GEF)提供资金资助,由非政府组织、联邦环境部和生物科技联盟印度公司提供技术支持,这份500页的长篇计划旨在寻求保护和保存这个世界生物多样性的圣地。这份文件叙述了对印度生物多样性流失的关注,列出了流失的原因和现状。此外,还对生物资源的可持续利用、保护和保存;对野生和家养生物多样性的公平利用和利益共享等提出了不同的战略和行动计划。文件承认社会团体对生物资源和传统知识拥有权和其他权利,拥护已通过的生物多样…     

金乡县城市生物多样性保护规划

生物学一直是科学家们研究的一个学科,因为生物学始终贯穿人类文明发展的历程,保护和延续生物多样性成为自然保护最令人关注的目标。城市生物多样化的目标就是构建一个人与自然的和谐氛围。并且,对实现城市自然生态环境可持续发展所具有重大的价值和意义。     

论生物多样性保护与社会经济持续发展的关系

本文在介绍生物多样性的概念及其丧失现状的基础上，重点分析了生物多样性保护与社会经济持续发展的关系，即生物多样性保护是社会经济持续发展的物质基础，社会经济持续发展为生物多样性保护提供了物质保障。虽然生物多样性丧失这一问题产生于经济发展过程中，但是也必然会随着社会经济的持续发展而得到解决。     

生物多样性保护的经济分析

首先要明确生物多样性的含义,各国学者对生物多样性的含义有不同的说法,这里引用联合国环境规划署(UNEP)在1995年发表的《全球生物多样性评估》(GBA)中给出的定义,即生物多样性是生物和它们组成的系统的总体多样性和变异性。生物多样性主要包括遗传多样性(或基因多样性)、物种多样性和生态系统多样性三个层次。     

The biodiversity supergame

This paper considers the ability of developed countries to sustain a cooperative agreement to compensate developing countries for the incremental costs of biodiversity conservation. It is shown that, depending on certain parameter values and the model specification, such an agreement could only codify the non-cooperative outcome or achieve the full cooperative outcome where global net benefits are maximized. However, where the agreement can sustain the full cooperative outcome, net benefits will be only slightly larger than in the noncooperative outcome.     

Smart award projects in north-west england

80% of the Small Firms Research Award for Research and Technology (SMART) award winners ia North-west England replied to a 32-point questionnaire seeking information about the .start-up of the venture, backgrounds of the entrepreneurs, sources of funding, and problems encountered. In addition, five firms were interviewed. Whilst the sample is too small to draw any statistically significant conclusions, the following observations were made: 29% of the firms in the survey reported an improvement in the attitude of banks towards their proposals once they had won the SMART award; the discipline of preparing the entry for the SMART award provides a useful proposal for use at banks or verture capital institutions; projects that are tightly defined are more likely to be selected for both a stage I and stage 2 SMART award; the fact that the stage 1 and 2 awards run concurrently discrirninates in favour of nentures of this type; larger firms that have complementary assets are more likely to attract the stage 2 award than new ventures relying on the success of the SMART project for survival.     

The fable of the leeches,or: The single most unrealistic positive assumption of most economists

Most economists assume that markets depend on government to enforce contracts and rules against default or fraud. With small transactions, however, the cost to use the legal system far exceeds the value at stake in a contract, and even with large contracts, the legal system often cannot solve problems quickly enough to be helpful for companies. This article focuses on four real stories that illustrate how market participants solve problems privately rather than through law and then concludes with a fable to help illustrate that point.     

The biodiversity conservation game with heterogeneous countries

Biodiversity is an essential resource, which we classify as conditionally-renewable. In order to achieve conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity virtually all nation states signed the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. In this paper we investigate how the heterogeneity of countries in regard to ecosystems and wealth influences the stability of international biodiversity conservation agreements both without and with transfers. We further examine the effect of different degrees of ecosystem substitutability. We model a coalition formation game with players that have a continuous conservation choice. The conservation benefit is dependent on wealth and ecosystem quality. Aggregation of global benefits respects differences in ecosystem substitutability. In case of transfers, a fund redistributes coalition benefits according to a sharing rule. The main finding is that in the absence of transfers, compared to the homogeneous situation, heterogeneity in ecosystems and wealth reduces the size of a stable coalition. The destabilising effect is stronger the higher the ecosystem substitutability. Optimal transfers facilitate a large stable coalition.     

发展云南生态旅游的对策

中国民主促进会云南省委的《云南生态旅游发展研究》课题组成员，专程到保山、德宏两地州的腾冲、芒市、瑞丽、盈江作了一番短暂的调研，引发了我们对云南生态旅游发展的思考。现将这些想法提出来与同业者共商、切磋，以求推动云南生态旅游事业的发展。现 状从全省目前的发展态势来看，各地党委与政府部门响应中共云南省委、省政府把云南建成“旅游文化大省“的号召，把旅游业作为新1 云南双柏哀牢山区的梯田 建 兴 摄2 昆明世博园的花船 树 全 摄世纪的支柱产业已成为共同的行动。有许多地区都结合自己的实际情况制定了相应的规章措施…     

The most ordinally egalitarian of random voting rules

Aziz and Stursberg propose an “Egalitarian Simultaneous Reservation” rule (ESR), a generalization of Serial rule, one of the most discussed mechanisms in the random assignment problem, to the more general random social choice domain. This article provides an alternative definition, or characterization, of ESR as the unique most ordinally egalitarian one. Specifically, given a lottery p over alternatives, for each agent i the author considers the total probability share in p of objects from her first k indifference classes. ESR is shown to be the unique one which leximin maximizes the vector of all such shares (calculated for all i, k). Serial rule is known to be characterized by the same property. Thus, the author provides an alternative way to show that ESR, indeed, coincides with Serial rule on the assignment domain. Moreover, since both rules are defined as the unique most ordinally egalitarian ones, the result shows that ESR is “the right way” to think about generalizing Serial rule.