房地产市场与金融市场联动关系的实证研究

市场经济中金融市场与房地产市场相互影响、相互渗透,而在当前中国宏观经济环境下,这种互动关系复杂而多变,更需要实证的检验。本文首先通过复相关分析筛选出两市场代表性指标,随后进行协整检验、误差修正模型以及脉冲响应分析,论证两市场间存在长期动态均衡关系,刻画了两市场短期互动关系以及突发冲击的长期互动影响,并据此提出谨慎选择房地产金融政策,开拓房地产多元化融资,保持金融和房地产市场稳定发展的政策建议。     

中国的货币电子化与货币政策有效性

本文构造了中国货币电子化程度指标和中国宏观经济形势指标,选取1995—2013年的样本数据,计算对应年份中国的货币电子化程度指标值和宏观经济形势指标值。在此基础上,本文建立计量模型,对相关样本数据进行实证检验,其主要结论是:中国货币政策本身的有效性较差,并且其对宏观经济调控的作用具有滞后效应;但在中国货币电子化程度不断提高的背景下,货币电子化明显改进了货币政策的有效性,而且这种改进作用具有即时效应和滞后效应。因此,中国不仅要深化金融改革,不断完善货币政策本身的有效性,还要在防范货币电子化可能产生风险的前提下,以积极的姿态,继续推动货币电子化进程,从而更加显著地提高货币政策在宏观经济调控中的有效性。     

人民币汇率、利率、货币供应量三者变动关系的研究

汇率是两种货币之间的兑换比率,汇率的波动会影响一个国家的进出口贸易甚至是经济稳定,尤其关系到外贸企业的生存以及一国的货币金融环境。本文着眼于汇率与宏观经济因素之间存在互动与反馈这个事实,利用能够揭示多变量间互动关系的向量自回归模型(VAR),揭示汇率、货币供应量、利率三者之间的联动关系和影响程度。     

我国货币供应量与经济增长关系的实证研究

本文实证研究货币供应量分别与我国国内生产总值、社会固定资产投资额、社会零售商品额以及出口额之间的关系，利用我国1980年-21307年的年度数据，通过对数据进行单位根检验、协整检验和Granger因果检验，实证分析结果表明我国货币供应量分别与国内生产总值、社会固定资产投资额以及社会零售商品额之间存在显著的正相关关系，说明我国货币政策对宏观经济具有明显的调控效果，而且有利于扩大内需和优化国民经济结构。     

货币供给与经济发展关系的实证分析

本文采用协整理论对1993至2006年我国的货币供给量(M1)与表征我国宏观经济发展的各指标(GDP、CPI、FER、FAI)进行了平稳性分析、协整检验和Granger因果关系分析,得出结论货币供给与物价和产出之间都存在显著的长期协整关系,这些变量组之间都存在稳定的长期均衡关系,中央银行可以根据均衡关系适当调节货币供给增量和存量以控制国家的通货膨胀与通货膨胀预期.     

货币供给与经济发展关系的实证分析

本文采用协整理论对1993至2006年我国的货币供给量（MI）与表征我国宏观经济发展的各指标（GDP、CPI、FER、FAI）进行了平稳性分析、协整检验和Granger因果关系分析，得出结论：货币供给与物价和产出之间都存在显著的长期协整关系，这些变量组之间都存在稳定的长期均衡关系，中央银行可以根据均衡关系适当调节货币供给增量和存量以控制国家的通货膨胀与通货膨胀预期。     

存贷比监管指标是否应该放松 ——-基于中国上市银行2007-2012年的季度数据分析

本文从近期存贷比的争议出发,对其衡量商业银行流动性的效果、宏观经济的调控作用,以及商业银行是否采取粉饰存贷比的监管套利行为进行分析。选取上市银行存贷比与能体现其资产流动性和负债流动性指标进行对比发现,存贷比在衡量银行流动性方面具有一定的说服力。在对宏观经济调控的效果上,由于贷款余额与货币供应量的相关性逐年减弱,证明依靠存贷比进行贷款规模限制进而调控通胀的方法不具有可持续性。在检验商业银行是否存在粉饰存
贷比的行为方面,本文选取贷款损失准备角度进行分析,结论表明上市银行目前总体上并不存在该监管套利行为。     

我国证券市场价格与货币供给量互动关系的研究

文章使用协整检验和因果关系检验的方法研究了中国证券市场价格和货币供应量的关系,以期研究我国货币市场和资本市场直接的相互关系,检验货币供应量这一中间目标在我国中央银行调控证券市场过程中的适用性.实证结果显示我国证券市场价格和M0、M2之间存在着长期稳定的协整关系.证券市场价格可以用货币供应量M0和M2来解释,而证券市场价格变化不是引起货币供应量变化的原因.中央银行可以利用货币供应量和证券市场价格存在的长期稳定的关系,把货币供应量作为调控证券市场的中间目标,灵活调控证券市场.     

关于热钱入境的原因、风险及其政策建议

从分析我国宏观经济基本面、外汇管理的制度性缺陷、存在的巨大套利机会以及资产价格的上涨等方面阐述了国际热钱入境的原因。热钱入境将影响货币政策的独立性,加剧资产价格的波动,增加宏观调控的难度。为加强对热钱的管理,提出下列建议：促进国际间的合作、加强宏观经济管理以及完善现有的货币和外汇管理制度。     

福建省基于先行指标的2009年地区GDP预测

借鉴国内外先行指标研究,结合省级的数据实际,运用计量经济分析方法中的单整、协整检验,发现先行经济指标主要集中在货币领域。说明宏观经济调控政策更多地是由金融政策来体现。最后应用多元逐步回归法,利用福建省有关数据建立月度GDP的模型进行预测和分析。     

货币供给内生环境下财政对内需的影响研究

本文首先考察了我国货币供给内生的现实环境,并采用ARDL方法对我国经验数据进行实证检验,验证了我国货币供给的内生性问题,表明税收和政府投资是影响货币供给的内生性因素。在此基础上,从货币供给内生的前提出发,本文构建了扩展的内需增长模型,用SVAR方法考察了财政对我国内需增长率的影响。实证结果显示,税收和政府投资增速提高,均会对内需增长率产生负面影响。同时,本文还探讨了货币供给内生环境下财政对内需的影响机制,认为税收和政府投资会影响货币供给,通过新的影响路径对内需产生负面影响。     

Government Bond Seigniorage

Recent studies have indicated that government bonds are an imperfect substitute for money in providing transaction services. Based on these studies, this article develops a theoretical framework showing that, as with money seigniorage, the government can gain an interest benefit from issuing government bonds. The article terms this interest benefit as ‘government bond seigniorage’. Further, the article estimates government bond seigniorage in comparison with money seigniorage for five countries (Australia, Canada, France, Italy and the United States) during the period 1959–2001. It is found that government bond seigniorage accounts for a larger percentage of Gross Domestic Product than money seigniorage, but also experiences greater fluctuations for all sample countries.     

电子货币发展与政府监管问题探析

作为虚拟货币和新的货币表现形式,电子货币现在已成为普遍流通的货币形式。而在电子货币项下,币材、货币单位、发行机构和支付方式的改变会带来诸多监管风险并可能对传统货币理论以及传统货币制度造成冲击,需要政府的监管职能做出积极回应。基于货币安全、稳定和统一的目标,本文建议政府应该从对电子货币发行机构的准入条件实施管理、对电子货币发行机构的营运实施现金准备制度和对电子货币发行机构实施评级制度等三个方面对电子货币进行监管。     

政府最优收入平滑分析——对中国1953～2005年数据的实证研究

收入平滑假说研究在跨期预算条件下,政府如何利用税收和发行货币两种方式来追求支出融通政策所产生的扭曲成本最小。文章利用中国1953年至2005年的数据,对放松货币流通速度不变假设下的收入平滑假说进行检验,以探究我国财政和货币当局在税率和通货膨胀率的制定上是否符合收入平滑原理。结果显示,收入平滑假说在中国成立。     

Monetary versions of the balanced budget multiplier

This paper examines the impact of varying the specification of the demand for money on the size of the balanced budget multiplier. The money demand may shift autonomously following a balanced budget change in government spending if private money demand is dependent on disposable rather than total income or if, due to a lag in the government spending process, a nonzero incremental governmental money demand exists. The implications of these assumptions are determined in a pure monetary model and then in an IS-LM model. In each case the balanced budget multiplier differs from the conventional result.     

A note on nominal government expenditure targets

In IS-LM models, government expenditure is usually fixed in real terms. In this short note, we examine some of the implications of nominal government expenditure targets for both model stability and comparative statics. When a fixed money supply policy is in operation, nominal government expenditure targets may stabilize an otherwise unstable system. If this is the case, an increase in the nominal stock of money will reduce the price level in the long run.     

Inside and outside fiat money, gains to trade, and IS-LM

Summary. We build a one-period general equilibrium model with money. Equilibrium exists, and fiat money has positive value, as long as the ratio of outside money to inside money is less than the gains to trade available at autarky. We show that the nominal effects of government fiscal and monetary policy can be completely described by a diagram identical in form to the IS-LM curves introduced by Hicks to describe Keynes' general theory. IS-LM analysis is thus not incompatible with full market clearing, multiple commodities, and heterogeneous households. We show that as the government deficit approaches a finite threshold, hyperinflation sets in (prices converge to infinity and real trade collapses). At the other extreme, if the government surplus is too large, the economy enters a liquidity trap in which nominal GNP sinks and monetary policy is ineffectual. Received: January 2, 2002; revised version: April 8, 2002 Correspondence to: P. Dubey     

The impact of oil prices on income and energy

The major determinant of real income growth in Korea is real oil prices, followed by money supply, exchange rates, energy consumption, and government spending. Over the longer horizon, the effects of exchange rates, oil prices, government spending, and money supply become more pronounced. For energy consumption, the most important factor is oil prices, followed by exchange rates, government spending, money supply, and income. For the association between energy consumption and real income, energy consumption influences real income growth only through energy consumption, while real income affects energy consumption only through the error correction term. The findings of the study thus suggest that the level of economic activity and energy consumption mutually influence each other.     

NOMINAL BONDS AND INTEREST RATES*

In this article, I integrate the microfoundation of monetary theory with the model of limited participation to analyze the competition between nominal bonds and money. The market for government nominal bonds is centralized and Walrasian, whereas the goods market is modeled as random matches. The government imposes a legal restriction that requires all government goods to be purchased with money but not with bonds. By contrast, private agents can exchange between themselves with both money and bonds. I show that an arbitrarily small legal restriction is sufficient to prevent matured bonds from being a medium of exchange. I also analyze the effects of monetary policy with and without the legal restriction. Some of those effects differ significantly from traditional monetary models.     

Avoiding hyperinflation: Evidence from a laboratory economy

Hyperinflation results from the creation and injection of fiat money into the economy. Using laboratory methods, this paper examines conditions under which fiat money can serve as a medium of exchange in a finite horizon economy while the government is active in the markets for goods. Consistent with the rational expectations hypothesis, issuing new fiat currency does not stabilize a hyperinflation; however, restricting government spending to the amount of tax revenue or reverting to backed money does. These findings are consistent with previous studies of historical data; thus this work confirms those findings from an alternative data source, the laboratory.