农村女性就业收入影响因素的比较研究

文章在问卷调查数据的基础上,运用多元回归模型分析了浙江、云南两省农村女性就业收入影响因素的共性和差异.研究发现,家庭收入越高、受教育年限越久、健康状况越好、政治面貌为党员、拥有技术、参加过培训、曾经外出务工等因素有利于提高两省农村女性的收入.家庭人口数量越多,则越不利于提高农村女性的收入.年龄、民族、子女数量、户口状况、婚姻状况对两省农村女性收入的影响存在差异.     

青海东部农区农户家庭收入现状及影响因素分析

本文在对青海东部农区农户家庭深入调查的基础上,分析了农户家庭收入现状和原因.指出了影响青海东部农区农户家庭收入的主要影响因素,增加农户收入的建议.     

大病风险下农户民间借贷影响因素分析

利用来自湖北、四川两省4个贫困县遭受大病风险冲击的621户农户调查数据,采用Heckman两阶段模型对农户民间借贷发生概率和发生金额的影响因素进行考察和分析。研究发现,农户民间借贷发生概率受户主年龄、户主文化教育程度、户主职业、家庭收入水平、非农收入占家庭收入比重、家庭医疗费用水平、家庭劳动力人数等因素的显著影响;农户民间借贷发生金额受家庭收入水平、户主职业、家庭医疗费用水平、家庭劳动力人数、家庭是否建房等因素的显著影响。针对农户的民间借贷状况,提出了相应建议。     

妇女教育对农户收入与收入差距的影响:山西的经验证据

本文基于中国山西省947个农户微观数据,针对男女劳动力的教育对农户收入和农户收入差距的影响进行测算。经验研究的结果显示:平均来说,男性和女性劳动力多接受一年的教育能够使家庭收入分别提高14.1%和16.3%;不同收入组人群教育的边际收益亦不同,女性劳动力教育的边际收益在中高收入组高于低收入组,而男性劳动力教育的边际收益情况则相反,说明女性劳动力的教育回报差异是扩大农户收入不平等的原因之一。     

心理期望视角下农村家庭收入水平对其教育消费支出的影响研究 ——以辽宁为例

随着新农村建设,农村家庭收入水平日益提速,对子女教育的心理期望也越来越高,家庭收入水平的变化对农村家庭教育消费支出的影响日益突出.由此,构建了以农村家庭对子女教育的心理期望为中介变量的家庭收入水平变化影响其教育消费支出的理论模型,探讨了心理期望的中介作用,并根据辽宁省农村家庭的调研数据进行了实证研究.结果发现农村家庭收入水平提升促进了农村村民对子女教育的心理期望,农户对子女教育的心理期望助长了家庭教育消费支出水平,农村家庭收入水平提升对其教育消费支出的直接效应不显著,需要通过心理期望的中介作用机制实现.     

农村居民金融素养对家庭金融资产配置的影响——基于CHFS微观数据的实证研究

本文以农村地区为研究视角,使用2017年CHFS微观数据,实证研究农村居民金融素养对家庭金融资产配置的影响。结果表明,金融素养对风险资产持有和风险资产占比的影响均显著为正。所接受教育程度越高、家庭收入越高、自营工商业以及地区经济越发达的农村居民,更有可能持有风险资产以及提高风险资产比重。据此,笔者提出了有关政策建议。     

水利水电工程移民农户的收入分化效应——基于云龙水库移民建设的实证研究

大规模公共工程建设产生大量搬迁移民农户,识别被动式移民农户并准确估算搬迁前后收入分化的福利影响效应,对评估工程建设可行性具有重要意义.以水利水电工程建设为例,根据212户原云龙水库区域农户搬迁前后收入情况的入户调查样本,采用双重差分估计法分析不同个体特征和社区特征对移民农户收入分化的净影响效应.研究结果表明,水利水电工程建设改变了移民农户原有的生活方式,会对移民农户搬迁后的收入产生正向影响.此外,具有不同个体特征和社区特征的移民农户在搬迁后会产生收入分化效应.当户主的受教育程度越高,移民农户搬迁后的收入水平越高;当移民农户选择搬迁至工业化水平较高的地区,其搬迁后收入增加相对容易.据此,从鼓励居民外迁、加强技能培训、选择工业化水平高的迁移地三个方面提出政策建议.     

外出务工对贫困脆弱性的影响:来自西部山区农户的证据

本文从理论上研究了家庭收入来源的增加对贫困脆弱性的影响,并基于西部山区农户的调查数据对家庭外出务工收入和贫困脆弱性的关系进行了实证分析.研究发现:中国西部山区农户的外出务工收入增加可以降低因农业收入损失所导致的贫困脆弱性,但对因疾病冲击所导致的贫困脆弱性的降低没有影响.本文还发现家庭层面的社会资本可以降低贫困脆弱性,对同质风险冲击所导致的脆弱性也同样有效.     

无锡、保定农户家庭纯收入水平的演变(1997—2010)

利用1998年和2011年的"无锡、保定农村调查"数据,对无锡、保定4个村的农户家庭纯收入变化做了详细考察,认为两地农户纯收入水平均有大幅提高。保定的收入差距比无锡大,两极分化的情况比无锡明显。两地农民的工资性纯收入是主要来源,经营性纯收入是增收的稳定基础,转移性纯收入的比重上升,财产性纯收入是增长的新动力。结合南北两地国家级发展战略,对提高两地农户家庭收入提供政策建议。     

甘肃省农户收入影响因素的计量分析

本文基于多元线性回归模型,对甘肃省700个农户收入及其来源的调查问卷进行分析．探讨影响农民家庭收入的构成因素。实证结果表明：劳动力年内从事各种行业的时间、农户家庭物质资本投资、农户家庭人力资本投资、家庭成员中受教育程度以及参加专业农村经济合作组织对农户的家庭总收入均有正向的影响,而粮食播种面积比率、家庭税费比率和离最近县城的距离均与农户总收入呈负相关关系。本文在此基础上,分析其可能成因,并提出相应对策建议。     

土地经营权流转、耕地配置与农民收入增长

文章基于全国8省农户微观调查数据,探讨了中国农村土地流转市场发育在优化耕地资源配置和提高农民收入方面的作用。实证结论表明,现行土地流转起到了改进耕地配置效率的作用,有助于那些具有较高农业生产能力水平但初始土地禀赋有限的农户获得更多的土地。对农户参与土地流转所可能获得收益大小的进一步估计显示,土地流转同时显著提高了农户家庭的收入水平,在平均意义下土地流转能使任意样本农户家庭和已流转土地农户家庭的总收入分别增加19%和26%左右。此外,文章分别从土地转入和土地转出,检验了土地流转增收效应的非对称性特征,发现在土地流转过程中,转入土地农户家庭的收入增长幅度要显著高于转出土地的农户家庭。     

Human capital investment in children: An empirical study of household child education expenditure in China, 2007 and 2011

Household education expenditure is an important component of human capital investment in children. In China, the rising child education expenditure and the subsequent financial burden on families have attracted much research and policy attention in the recent years. Using 2007 and 2011 data from the Urban Household Education Surveys, our empirical study provides new evidence on the education expenditure level, ratio of expenditure to household income, and inequality in this expenditure. We also elucidate changes in China's household education expenditure and explore factors associated with such changes. From the analysis, we obtain the following findings. First, education expenditure incurred outside the school significantly contributes to increasing household education expenditure. Second, compulsory education programs are effective in curbing in-school education expenditure; however, it does not prevent the rapidly increasing education investment outside school. Third, education expenditure disproportionally increases with family income. In other words, a larger share of the income earned by lower income families is spent on children's education, compared to higher income families.     

Determinants of Household Income Mobility in Rural China

This article uses multivariate regression and decomposition analyses to assess household income mobility determinants and their contributions to income mobility in rural China from 1989 to 2006. The findings indicate that households with lower initial income level, higher share of wage income, higher educational level of household members, larger number of non-agricultural employed household members and younger heads are more mobile. Moreover, besides initial income, change in the share of wage income, change in the share of non-agricultural employed household members, and change in average year of education of household members are the most important factors that account for income mobility. These findings necessitate more emphasis on policies that promote non-agricultural employment and education to enhance household income mobility in rural China.     

INCOME INEQUALITY IN THE PHILIPPINES, 1961–91

Household income inequality in the Philippines remains high and the trends for three decades have been fairly stable except for a sharp decline in the mid-1980s. Gini coefficient of income inequality has been consistently close to 0.50. Urbanization and education of household head are the most important factors determining the level of income inequality while the contribution of age of head is limited. The increase in the number of urban households results in an increase of overall inequality while the increase in the number of household heads with a college education tends to decrease the inequality. Among the household income sources, wage income is the largest contributor to total income inequality. Wage rate inequality appears to be a major source of wage income inequality.     

Comparative Economics of Maize and Rice Production among Resource-Poor Farmers in Anambra State of Nigeria

Abstract: Maize and Rice are some of the most important grains in Nigeria. Although Nigeria has the potential to become self-sufficient in their production, maize and rice production currently lags behind demand. This study has examined the characteristics of resource-poor maize and rice farmers, (defined in terms of land availability, estimated income per farmer, access to credit and capital) in Anambra State of Nigeria, the impact of these characteristics on yield, and the efficiency of use of stated inputs by the farmers. It was found that low income farmers (both maize and rice) had smaller farm size, smaller loan size (credit), adopted a smaller number of recommended production technologies, had lower levels of formal education, are younger, had a smaller household size, and less number of years of farming experience than high income farmers. The regression analysis result shows that farm size, credit, level of adoption of recommended production technologies, level of formal education of fanners, and age of farmers are significantly related to the maize farmers' output, but household size and number of years of farming experience account for less. In the case of rice farmers, the regression analysis result reveals that farm size, level of adoption of recommended production technologies and number of years of farming experience are significantly related to the farmers' output, but level of formal education of farmers, age of farmers, household size, and credit account for less. The results of gross margin analysis reveal that maize and rice production are not very profitable when the present value of the Naira in relation to cost of living in Nigeria is considered.     

农村土地流转状况及对策——基于安徽省2278份问卷的研究

安徽省作为全国农村土地改革的排头兵,率先发起了农村家庭联产承包责任制。在第三次土地改革的浪潮中,研究安徽省农村土地流转问题是对农村经济社会发展的积极探索。通过实地考察,以农户为调研对象,发现了农业收入在家庭收入结构中所占比重少、农户受教育水平低、政策宣传不到位、土地规整度不完善等问题,从而提出了实行农地股份合作制、改革福利化农业补贴政策、推进农地适度规模经营的建议。     

寒门难出贵子?——基于“家庭财富-教育投资-贫富差距”的实证研究

文章首次从教育选择的角度出发,探讨了人力资本投资与收入差距之间的关系,作者首先建立了教育回报的代际交迭模型,推断出富裕家庭教育回报率高这个事实会拉大社会的贫富差距。作者使用1992年至2009年的中国城镇住户调查数据对理论推论进行了论证,实证结果表明出身"寒门"的子女期望教育回报率更低,这拉大了与富裕家庭群体的收入差距,也是"寒门难出贵子"的原因。自2001年来,家庭因素带来的教育回报差异能够解释19.1%的城镇居民收入差距,引入工具变量的结果表明,真实的情况可能更加严重。作者进一步模拟了"新常态"下的贫富差距状况,结果表明,经济潜在增速下降会使得基尼系数扩大6.1%。     

农民收入与文化消费牵扯:江苏364个样本

利用江苏364份农民文化消费微观调查数据,实证分析农民收入对文化消费支出的影响。研究结果表明:农民消费类文化活动和免费文化活动并举,共同构成农民文化生活的重要组成部分。农民收入水平是影响农民文化消费的重要因素,家庭人均收入和农民对家庭收入自我评价对农民文化消费有显著正影响,农业收入比重对农民文化消费有显著负影响;收入变量对高收入组农民文化消费影响程度要明显高于中收入组,对低收入组农民文化消费没有显著影响,说明农民文化消费具有一定的收入门槛。     

农民收入变动及影响因素的定量分析

文章通过考察20世纪90年代以来农民收入的变动情况,分析农民收入结构的变化。利用动态计量模型协整方法,得出影响农民家庭经营收入与工资性收入的主要影响因素和影响程度。即农产品生产价格和农村固定资产投资对农民家庭经营收入有很大的正效应;非农劳动力的比重对农民工资性收入具有很大的正效应,在提高农民收入上主要应从以上三方面入手。