Export-oriented FDI in the UK

It is well known that the performance of foreign firms comparedto domestic companies is superior with respect to employment,wages, and productivity. In this paper we detail the exportbehaviour of foreign affiliates in the United Kingdom relativeto indigenous firms. Our findings show that foreign firms aremore likely to export, and when they do so they are more exportintensive and overall contribute disproportionately to totalmanufacturing exports from the UK. While firm-level advantagesexplain some of these differences in export behaviour, strategicconsiderations dominate, where these include the differentialin costs, productivity, and market size between the UK and foreigncountries. That is, both horizontal and vertical motives canbe found for the use of the UK as an export platform by foreignfirms.     

外商投资的制度效应与外资战略调整

对外开放30年来,我国吸收外商直接投资额持续增加,尤其近15年一直高居发展中国家首位。外商投资发挥了巨大的制度效应,推动经济体制转轨和市场经济发展,带动经济成长,创造大量就业机会,形成了以开放促改革和发展的中国道路。如今,我国对外开放进入全面转型期,外商投资增长伴生的矛盾日益复杂,助长贸易失衡、流动性过剩,内外资企业竞争加剧、摩擦增加。展望未来,调整外资政策,在扩大开放中提高外商投资水平,将成为我国的必然选择。     

外商直接投资对我国收入分配的影响

本文运用国际贸易中的特定要素模型分析外资与内资在短期内作为一种特定要素对收入分配的影响。通过理论分析和经验检验结果表明，包含有技术优势的外资是导致我国目前收入分配扩大的因素之一，文章进一步对检验结果作出解释并得出结论和启示。     

Development Paradox of FDI in China

According to the arising problems of foreign investment utilization, this paper analyzes the anbalanced market competition, absence of core technology, increasing implicit cost, growing dependency on foreign capital and impact of potential monopoly. At last the conclusion is that China should take constantly improvement of foreign investment utilization quality and positive expanding foreign capital utilization scale as its main goal of foreign capital policy within the mid and long-term period.     

FDI的区位选择和内外资企业之间的经济集聚

我国引进FDI存在两个显著的现象,一是FDI区域分布不平衡,二是FDI引起的经济集聚现象明显.文章在一个三阶段技术转移和产品竞争模型的基础上分析FDI的区位选择以及内外资企业之间的经济集聚.考虑到技术转移成本.FDI倾向于进入基础设施完善、人力资本水平较高以及具备良好的工业基础的地区.此外,如果某地区不具备这些基础条件,则FDI对内资企业的技术外溢将受到限制,内外资企业之间的经济集聚现象很难在这些地方发生.     

Production versus distribution-oriented FDI

The business literature has long recognized the importance of multinationals’ distribution networks. The empirical analysis of distribution-oriented FDI has, however, received little attention which is at least partly due to the lack of appropriate data. We present a slightly modified version of Helpman et al. (Am Econ Rev 94(1):300–316, 2004) that explicitly models the possibility for a multinational firm to export through its wholesale trade affiliate. We analyze the multinational firms’ choice between foreign production and foreign distribution. Our empirical analysis uses different discrete choice models and alternative specifications for several sub-samples of multinational firms. Our results show that the choice between distribution and production-oriented FDI is based on the trade-off between fixed and variable costs.     

Japan's outward FDI potential

While Japan's outward FDI stock is historically high, it is not necessarily clear whether there is untapped growth potential, given the economic size of Japan and that of partner countries. This paper examines whether Japan's actual outward FDI stock is high or low relative to the FDI predicted by the gravity model using the outward FDI patterns of all OECD nations, which we call counterfactual FDI. The results indicate that the ratio of Japan's actual to counterfactual FDI is the highest among the OECD countries as of the year 2015. The regional distribution of Japan's actual to counterfactual FDI favors Southeast Asian nations, South Africa and the US. These results imply that Japan has no unrealized potential for outward FDI.     

外资撤离≠外资非正常撤离

“外资撤离”是投资促进工作高度关注的问题之一.在我国引进外资实践中,不能将“外资撤离”等同于“外资非正常撤离”,与其相对应的概念应是“外资保持”.导致“外资撤离”的主要原因之一是投资服务尤其后期服务滞后.必须在完善政策、法律环境的基础上,进一步强化投资服务,建立立体式投资服务模式,重点构建投资后期服务评价机制.     

西藏利用外商直接投资的潜力与对策

自1988年西藏自治区开始引进外资企业以来,西藏外商直接投资不断增长。但目前西藏利用外资还存在规模较小、外资企业对西藏经济拉动作用有限、外资企业对当地投资贡献率低的特点。本文对西藏进一步利用外资的潜力进行了分析,并提出了西藏提高利用外资水平的对策和建议,以促进外资与西藏经济、资源、环境等协调发展。     

A SCP Analysis of FDI in China

FDI in China has experienced cooperation and joint venture being dominant. Nowadays, there is the trend towards wholly foreign-owned and proprietary companies. Based on theories of industrial economics, this article not only makes an analysis of projects involving FDI, amount of FDI in use and its percentage in GDP, industrial concentration of FDI in use and FDI projects, but also probes into the contribution of FDI to employment and revenues. Analysis shows that foreign enterprises arc playing an ever increasingly important role in the export of high-tech products. However, sacrificing the market did not realize the expectation of gaining technology needed, super national treatment not only consumed huge resources which is not reclaimable, worsened eco-enviromnent but also decreased the competitiveness of domestic enterprises. To some extent, domestic enterprises blindly imitate, and lost gradually self-development and innovation. Thus, greatly improving original and integrative innovation capability and re-innovation capability based on digestion is the only way to defend our economic safety.     

我国对外直接投资的监督与管理

通过分析我国对外投资监管政策与实践,进一步指出我国对外投资监管存在重前置监管、轻事后监管;重审批、轻协调以及重制度、轻控制这三个主要问题,然后在总结与分析国外监管实践的基础上,提出了提高我国对外投资监管水平的政策建议。     

FDI and wage spillovers in Indonesian manufacturing

This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment in Indonesian manufacturing on wages in locally owned Indonesian manufacturing plants. The issue is examined in a cross section of Indonesian manufacturing industries and provinces in one of the few years for which data on worker characteristics were available. Wages in locally owned plants were high in industries and industries within provinces with large foreign presence. Since the foreign plants also pay higher wages than locally owned ones, the two factors together imply that higher foreign presence raises the general wage level in a province and industry. JEL no. F2, J3 This paper was prepared as part of an ICSEAD project on “Foreign Multinational Corporations and Host-Country Labor Markets in Asia”. Earlier versions appeared as ICSEAD Working Paper 2001–02 and NBER Working Paper No. 8299.     

国际直接投资与引力模型

本文的模型表明,与国际贸易的引力模型类似,国际直接投资中也存在一个引力模型,即两国之间的国际直接投资总量与两国之间的距离负相关,与两国的经济规模正相关。之所以存在这样的关系,是因为跨国公司往往需要从母国运输部分原材料或者半成品,距离越远则运输成本越高,所以距离成为限制国际直接投资的一个因素。     

对安徽省利用FDI的思考及建议

随着中国吸引外资能力的增强、“中部崛起”政策的提出，加上国内外产业转移的需要，安徽省利用FDI的规模有所扩大，同时也存在一些问题。文章在细分安徽省利用FDI的历程、对这一过程中所暴露的主要问题进行描述的基础上，率先进行了原因探讨；并为安徽省今后更好地利用FDI提供了一些思路。     

Prospects and Analysis of FDI in China

I. The General Picture of FDI1. The amount of FDI used in practice and incontract all increased significantlyIn 2004, China approved the establishment of 43,661 foreign-funded enterprises, 6.29 percentmore than in 2003. The contractual amount of FDI was US$153.479 billion, 33.38 percentmore than in 2003 and the amount actually used reached US$60.63 billion, rising by 13.32percent. By the end of the year, the total number of foreign-funded enterprises in Chinacame to 508,938. The contra…     

外商在华直接投资的行业间溢出效应 --基于我国工业部门相关数据的初步分析

本文研究发现，不论是同时考虑外资企业行业内与行业间溢出效应，还是只考虑其行业间溢出效应，外资企业在行业间产生的溢出效应均不显著。我们认为外资企业与国内企业之间较低的关联度是造成这一结果的主要原因。     

FDI在我国的就业效应分析

当前，就业问题已经成为宏观经济运行和社会发展的突出矛盾。我们不仅需要关注内资企业的就业供给能力，以便在保持经济较快增长中创造更多的就业机会，而且必须关注在中国经济中具有越来越显著作用的FDI对于就业的全方位影响。但是，在讨论FDI对我国就业问题绩效时，大多学者往往偏好于就业绝对量，未能全面揭示FDI对我国就业相对量及其动态影响。截至2004年在外商投资企业直接就业的人员已超过2400万人，约占全国就业人口的11％。调查数据也表明，在1986—1990年、1991—1996年、     

我国外商直接投资的空间分布分析

本文从数量和质量两方面对目前我国我商直接投资的空间分布失衡进行了分析，针对各地争相吸引外资的政策进行了理论评价，并对中西部吸引外商直接投资的前景进行了理性的展望。     

Spatial determinants of Japanese FDI in China

Research on foreign direct investment in China has spawned an increasingly large literature. Whilst regional cleavages with respect to the distribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) are acknowledged, empirical research on the spatial determinants of FDI in China has been limited. Furthermore, research on the spatial determinants of home country FDI in China has thus far been neglected due to difficulties in accessing the appropriate data. The objective of this paper is to examine the spatial determinants of Japanese direct investment in China by using an econometric model. To that purpose, a dataset is created from the Toyo Keizai directory on the overseas activities of Japanese companies. The results show that tertiary education, inland waterways, as well as coastal location are positive and significant determinants of Japanese investment in China.