中国与日本银行不良贷款生成机制分析

据国际货币基金组织统计，银行不良贷款是银行危机的主要原因。政府为银行提供的隐性担保、信息不对称与不完美、信用基础薄弱、部分企业比较优势的丧失等是中国银行不良贷款产生的机制；房地产价格暴跌、金融机构在较大程度上依靠政府的扶植和保护、泡沫经济的破灭、企业倒闭破产、经济增长速度的降低等是日本银行不良贷款产生的机制。     

20世纪90年代日本商业银行破产原因分析及启示

20世纪90年代日本许多金融机构和银行相继破产,这其中的主要原因既有汇率因素和货币政策因素,也有制度性因素和金融管理方面的因素等。当今中国经济发展中有一些迹象与泡沫经济破灭前后的日本相似:本币升值,国际热钱不断流入,股票价格暴涨暴跌等。我国要汲取日本的教训,防止金融机构和银行出现系统性危机。     

试论保险企业的经营风险及其防范

保险作为非银行金融机构，是经营风险的企业，如果不加强风险管理，防范和化解经营风险，就有可能在经营风险中陷入困境。1997年日本日产生命保险公司破产，这是日本自50年代以来发生的首次保险公司破产事件。该公司在80年代后期的“泡沫经济”时期同众多的客户签订了高利率的养老保险合同，“泡沫经济”破灭后，由于股价暴跌，贷款利率又长期处于历史最低点，资金运用效果不佳等原因导致了高达2000亿日元的债务，使经营陷入困境，直至破产。日产生命保险公司的破产，对当前我国方兴未艾的保险事业来说具有重要的警示作用。目前，我国保险机…     

借鉴和思考：日本泡沫经济和通货紧缩

日本的泡沫经济已经破灭十几年了，由其连带发生的通货紧缩，在最近的10年中一直肆虐着日本的经济。泡沫经济究竟如何在日本产生，谁是泡沫经济的罪魁祸首，又是谁第一个发现泡沫经济的弊病，并采取了积极的应对措施呢?理清这些问题，对深入挖掘泡沫经济在日本产生的社会及经济制度基础十分有     

股市下跌引发严重经济衰退可能性较小

当前，我国与泡沫经济时期的日本存在诸多相似之处，也存在许多重大差异。综合判断：如果处理得当，我国完全有可能避免重蹈日本泡沫经济破灭的覆辙。报告从四个方面提出了政策建议：解决股市持续“发烧”的问题；限制股市对经济活动的渗透；加大产业结构调整力度，提高经济增长质量；完善社会主义市场体制改革。     

日本企业为何亟须组织变革

日本企业为何亟须组织变革（日本）追手门学院研究生院羽石宽志“泡沫经济”破灭以后；日本经济进人了低速增长ｍ期，日本企业的经营环境发生了许多新的变化。首先，企业不能再指望像以前那样的高速增长，消费者也开始对商品和服务的质量提出了更高的要求，为此，日本企业...     

90年代以后日本设备投资低迷的原因

日本泡沫经济破灭以后,设备投资长期低迷.我们分析宏观数据并提出三点假设,投资过剩调整,企业财务恶化以及信贷紧缩是影响设备投资低迷的重要原因.其次,我们使用制造业上市公司财务数据,证明了第一和第三条假设.文章指出,金融危机发生以后,金融机构的财务恶化比企业本身财务恶化对设备投资的影响更加显著.     

浅议“日本住专”对日政治、经济的负效应

浅议“日本住专”对日政治、经济的负效应张继业日本经济由“住专”所造成的金融危机已成为当前解决日本经济衰退的重要课题之一。“住专”既促进了“泡沫经济”的虚假繁荣，同时也导致了“泡沫经济”的破灭。由于日本房地产价格暴跌，造成大量呆帐，最后在金融机构留下了...     

泡沫经济与日本经济政策分析

日本经济在上世纪90年代的衰退在表面上是源于泡沫经济的破灭，但实际上与日本政府错误的经济政策有着很大关系。在泡沫经济膨胀和破灭过程中政府的失策以及泡沫经济破灭后政府对国内经济发展的误导以及种种政策的失效，最终导致了日本经济的全面衰退。日本政府的经验对于各国的经济发展有着重要的借鉴意义。     

当前日本金融业处于困境的原因

“泡沫经济”崩溃后，日本金融机构就被数十万亿日元巨额呆帐所困扰，1995年，又为战后最严重的危机所震撼、宇宙、木津信用社和兵库银行等几家最大的金融机构相继破产，日本金融业陷入如此严重困境与自动化、国际化的国际金融大气候密切相关。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.     

Stature growth in industrializing Argentina: The Buenos Aires industrial belt 1916-1950

A sustained long-term increase in average stature accompanied the process of import-substituting industrialization in the main suburban area of Argentina, the Buenos Aires Conurbano. This gain in net nutrition was attained before the rise to power of a re-distributionist political party: the Peronists. The article also provides evidence of a decline in average heights during the period 1939-1945, which challenges us to revise the traditional wisdom about the impact of World War II and Peronist social policies and its implications for the nutrition and health of children. The new evidence on heights shows also persistent social and regional differences over time that had not been documented before.     

The Transfer of Property Rights from the Public to the Private Sector in Hong Kong: A Critical Assessment

Abstract

The privatization idea may have lost some of its luster in recent years, but it remains relevant in today's socio-economic environment and is pursued consistently in industrialized and industrializing countries alike. Hong Kong has followed the general pattern in a manner reflecting its particular circumstances and its institutional modus operandi. The underlying logic may not appear highly compelling, from a short-term perspective, yet there are sound grounds for approaching the task positively, if viewed from a multi-year standpoint. Rather surprisingly, for such a quintessentially capitalist society, Hong Kong has not confronted the privatization challenge astutely on the political front and has handled it somewhat mechanically in managerial terms. The benefits to the community may have thus been more modest than one could legitimately expect, given the historical backdrop.     

Measuring performance: Ranking state success over two decades in India

This paper proposes new composite measures of relative and dynamic state performance to improve governance and delivery of public programs in developing countries with a federal structure. We illustrate the use of the indices to rank the performance of 19 major Indian states on two large development programs launched by the Indian government over the last two decades using publicly available data. Although we find volatility in performance over time, there exists a positive correlation between measures of initial (administrative) state capacity, development and accountability with program outcomes. Our findings have important implications for both the design and implementation of large-scale public programs across developing countries.     

Thinking regionally: Aviation and development implications in the Karoo region,South Africa

This study focuses on regional economic development in South Africa, across provincial political jurisdictions. The article argues that remote hinterlands can be more usefully understood as forming an integrated whole, rather than functioning as the poor rural cousins of their provincial metropoles. This article considers three propositions: that key transport projects (such as airports) may unlock regional development; that this may stimulate regional spatial integration; and that this may spur the South African government to address its weak regional planning system. All three propositions are speculative, drawn from the international literature, but they contribute to an argument for greater spatial coherence in South African planning in rural regions. The argument is illustrated with reference to the Karoo region of South Africa, and the potential of a new airport to impact on regional economic dynamics. Furthermore, the article argues that such impacts will require new regional planning systems, which are currently absent from the South African political system.