基于扩散策略的分布式协作频谱检测

分布式认知网络中,认知用户通过与相邻用户交换检测量信息,达到全网一致,实现对主用户信号的检测。为了提高网络检测量信息的收敛速度,提出了一种基于扩散策略的分布式协作检测算法。在该算法中,将最大最小特征值检测算法的检测量作为交换的初始信息,构造自适应矩阵和融合矩阵作为加权因子对认知节点状态值进行迭代更新,实现全网认知用户检测量信息一致,各认知用户独自根据融合的检测量信息,进行最终的检测判决,确定主用户是否存在。仿真结果表明,该算法在网络收敛速度和检测性能上较共识策略和非合作检测有不同程度的提升。     

利用自相关矩阵的量化合作频谱感知方法

为了改善认知无线电的频谱感知性能,提出一种基于自相关矩阵的量化合作频谱感 知方法,对各认知用户的本地检测结果采用多个判决门限进行有限位的量化,在融合中心采 用加权投票准则对该量化信息综合处理,得出最终判决。该方法是一种盲感知方法,不需要 知道主用户信号的先验知识和噪声方差信息。具体讨论了一种2 bit量化合作频谱感知 方案 ,并将其与传统的基于能量检测的合作频谱感知方案作比较。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该 方案可以有效提高频谱感知能力。     

认知无线电的合作频谱检测分析

认知用户需要持续快速地检测主用户的出现,对基于认知无线电的合作频谱检测机制进行了分析。在理想的两用户网络中,认知用户采用合作机制可以提高系统的平均侦测时间。在多认知用户网络中,参与合作的用户越多,单个认知用户对主用户的侦测概率越高。对于多用户网络,还考虑了整体的实现。     

非理想频谱检测对主用户干扰的性能分析

实际中认知中继网络的频谱检测不可能完全正确检测频谱状态,次级用户传输会对主用户传输产生干扰。在分布式协作频谱检测和集中式协作频谱检测情况下,研究了认知中继网络中非理想频谱检测对主用户干扰性能的影响。在瑞利信道下推导了非理想频谱检测条件下主用户干扰概率的数学表达式。最后,仿真结果证明了理论分析的合理性,并表明非理想频谱检测会对主用户产生较大干扰,而中继节点数目的增加可以明显降低干扰概率。     

一种贪婪的异构多信道并行合作频谱感知方法

为了同时对多个异构信道进行有效地合作频谱感知,并克服现有方法中只考虑检测准确性而忽略感知开销和系统效益,忽略不同认知用户对不同异构信道感知性能的差异以及参与合作感知的认知用户较多等问题,提出了一种贪婪的异构多信道并行合作频谱感知方法。根据对感知开销和传输收益的定义,充分考虑不同认知用户对不同异构信道感知性能的差异,利用贪婪算法在多个认知用户和多个异构信道间最优地进行感知任务分配,使总系统效益最大。仿真结果表明,所提方法与基于迭代匈牙利的并行合作频谱感知方法、改进的基于迭代匈牙利的并行合作频谱感知方法和随机的合作频谱感知方法相比,能够获得较高的总系统效益,且所需的参加合作感知的认知用户数较少。     

基于非参量累积和的合作频谱感知

针对认知无线电网络中频谱感知的检测时延降低问题，提出了基于非参量累积和的合作频谱感知算法。本地认知用户预处理频谱观测数据，获得观测数据相对于信念值的正向漂移和负向漂移。为了缩短检测延迟，认知用户只将数据的正向漂移同步传输至融合中心。融合中心融合正向漂移得到判决信息，采用非参量累积和算法依时间序列顺序累加判决信息，判断主用户是否正在使用授权频段。为了解决不传输负向漂移引起的虚警问题，改进算法提出融合中心可以保留首次判决，经过等待时间间隔后再作出最终判决。相对于传统的软融合算法，改进融合规则的合作频谱感知算法具有较低的检测延迟。     

基于统计可信度的压缩感知协作频谱检测算法

压缩感知为认知无线电的宽频谱感知提供了一种新的方法和思路。基于压缩感知的原理,提出了一种多认知用户协作场景下基于用户统计可信度的协作频谱检测算法。该算法使用正交匹配协作追踪算法获得认知区域内的频谱占用情况,根据不同认知用户频谱检测的历史准确度综合判定用户感知结果的统计可信度。仿真结果表明,该算法在不同用户数、不同采样值、不同信噪比变化范围下其检测性能均优于传统算术平均方法,有效改善了检测性能。     

一种新的认知无线电非合作功率控制博弈算法

当认知无线电网络以"衬底式"(Underlay)的方式与主用户网络共享频谱时,需要对认知用户进行功率控制,以确保认知用户在不干扰主用户的前提下,公平地共享认知频谱资源。利用博弈分析的方法,设计了一个基于链路增益因子的代价函数,并据此提出了一种新的非合作功率控制博弈算法。仿真结果表明,该算法的均衡结果既改善了用户的帕累托(Pareto)性能,又提高了链路增益较差的用户的吞吐量,实现了网络资源的平等共享。     

中继蜂窝网中基于负载均衡的中继节点选择算法

提出了一种中继蜂窝网络的基于负载均衡的中继节点选择策略(Load Balancing Rela y Selection,LB-RS)。根据每个用户的具体信道状况以及中继节点服务的用户数目,LB-RS 以分布式的方式为每个用户选择最优的中继节点。仿真结果表明,与基于单一物理层参数的 中继节点选择算法相比,所提出的中继选择算法综合考虑了物理层的信道状况以及MAC层 的资源与用户状况,有效地利用中继节点选择来实现小区内的负载均衡,获得了吞吐量性能 与用户公平性之间的折衷。     

协作频谱感知中数据融合与决策算法比较

协作频谱感知中融合多个认知用户的本地检测结果并准确判决至关重要.研究了基于大数合并的硬判决和基于置信(最大似然)合并的软判决,对不同算法的检测性能和复杂度进行了定性和定量的分析和比较.指出未来协作频谱感知中应结合协作用户数的优化和控制信道条件进行数据融合和决策算法设计.     

Gender differences in decision satisfaction within established dyads: Effects of competitive and cooperative behaviors

The research develops and tests a model of gender differences on the effects of competition and cooperation on decision satisfaction. It was hypothesized and found that males' satisfaction is dependent on their ability to impose their preferences on their female counterpart within a mixed‐gender dyad. In contrast, females' satisfaction is only affected by the degree to which dyad members behave cooperatively. The model is tested within the context of 76 mixed‐gender dyads that are in an established relationship. The dyads are sampled from shoppers at a national retailer, and report on their decision‐making process as they exit the store. A partial‐least‐squares (PLS) methodology is used to test for differences in the effects of cooperative and competitive behaviors on males' and females' satisfaction with a dyadic decision. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

合作供应链:模型和绩效评价

供应链中成员的相互合作是改善供应链绩效的有效方法,本文在前人研究的基础上,提出分析合作供应链的基本框架,构建一个基于六个组成要素的合作供应链模型,同时分析了合作供应链中的关键绩效变量,构造了一个简单的影响矩阵,为构建合作供应链绩效评价体系提供了良好的基础。     

What type of cooperation with suppliers and customers leads to superior performance?

This research evaluates cooperation with key suppliers and customers, correlating cooperation to financial performance. Four cooperative behaviors represent cooperation as a multidimensional concept and the research explores the effect of each of these different dimensions of cooperation on performance. Results show that not all cooperative behaviors have similar and positive impacts on performance. Flexibility has no significant effect while shared problem solving has a negative effect. The other two cooperative behaviors, information exchange and restraint in the use of power, have positive impacts on performance. Results also indicate that cooperation with customers affects mostly firm growth while cooperation with suppliers affects firm profitability. Based on a survey of 124 packaging manufacturers, the analysis uses CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) to validate the measurement of constructs and multiple regressions to analyze the relationships between the cooperative behaviors and financial performance.     

Reciprocal Cooperation and the Moderating Effect of Individualism: A Five-Country Negotiation Study

ABSTRACT

Researchers have conceptualized the problem-solving approach to include cooperation between negotiators in order to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes. The observed cooperation between parties embodies the concept of positive reciprocity where negotiators match the cooperative bargaining strategy of their counterparts. Using this premise, the current study investigates reciprocity through the relationship between negotiators’ perceptions of their counterpart's cooperative behaviors and their own reported behaviors. The mitigating effect of individualism-collectivism on the above relationship is also explored. The findings provide empirical evidence that negotiators’ perceptions of their counterpart's cooperative behaviors are positively related to their own strategy. This relationship was consistently supported across five groups of business negotiators: Canadian Anglophone, Greek, Mexican, Filipino, and American. However, this positive reciprocal relationship is negated when the negotiator comes from an individualistic-type culture.     

Performance impacts of interorganizational cooperation: a transaction cost perspective

This study builds on the transaction cost theory to examine the performance effects of interorganizational cooperation and develops an understanding of how different forms of cooperative relationships affect organizational performance within a major service sector, namely the healthcare industry. The authors study, in particular, two cooperative forms applied to hospitals: hospital-based health networks and health systems. An empirical investigation of 382 hospitals in Taiwan shows that interorganizational cooperation exerts positive effects on hospital performance. In addition, health systems have greater positive effects on hospital efficiency than health networks. Furthermore, this study finds that the positive impact of participation in health systems is especially significant for private hospitals, local community hospitals, and hospitals in highly competitive regions. The findings reveal that performance impacts of interorganizational cooperation are contingent on the cooperative arrangements in the healthcare industry.     

Pricing coordination of a dual-channel supply chain considering offline in-sale service

With the rapid development of e-commerce, the problem of pricing conflicts between online and offline channels has become increasingly prominent. And the in-sale service has become an important factor influencing consumers' purchase decisions. To study the impact of in-sale service, this paper establishes a dual-channel supply chain model considering offline in-sale service. Using Stackelberg's game theory and backward induction, it solves the optimal pricing of supply chain members and makes comparisons in both cooperative and non-cooperative situations. Finally, it coordinates the supply chain through a two-part tariff contract. The results show that (1) The optimal wholesale price and offline retail price are positively correlated with in-sale service quality. And the opposite of the optimal online direct selling price. (2) With the quality of in-sale service improving, the retailer's profit will increase and then decrease but the manufacturer's profit will always decrease under non-cooperation. The total profit of the supply chain will rise and then fall under cooperation. (3) The two-part tariff coordination maximizes profits with the manufacturer reducing the wholesale price and the retailer paying a transfer cost. (4) Cooperative decision is better than the non-cooperative decision in terms of the supply chain as a whole.     

Extreme internal–external industrial-service flexibilities and interfirm cooperative networks in high-technology machine manufacturing

Most interfirm studies focus only on the strategies of strategic partnerships, such as joint ventures, technology transferring agreements, licensing agreements; the study here provides interfirm-network knowledge protocols for designing interfirm-service processes in the high-technology machinery industry (HTMI) by small-and-medium enterprise (SME) networks from the perspectives of extremely-rapid industrial-service flexibility (X-ISF). Based on the decision system analysis (DSA) method, this study constructs an X-ISF research model consisting of major variables of extremely-rapid internal ISF (X-I ISF), extremely-rapid external ISF (X-E ISF), and cooperative networks. This study applies a mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) research design to understand interfirm-network decision-making and the influence of the antecedent conditions of internal and external X-ISF and cooperative upstream-to-downstream networks on firms' X-ISF performance. The study finds that the mutual relationships between X-I ISF and X-E ISF are substantially unbalanced — the impact on firm X-ISF performance by the external-to-internal (X-in) ISF is substantially greater than the impact from the internal-to-external (X-out) ISF. Recognize the need to lead with external-to-internal X-ISF to sustain the adoption-implementation of superior high-technology is the principal take-away strategy implication.     

Effect of Customers' and Suppliers' Perceptions of the Market Orientation of Manufacturing Firms on Channel Relationships and Financial Performance

ABSTRACT

This study is designed to investigate the effect of customers' and suppliers' perceptions of the market orientation of manufacturing firms on customers' and suppliers' trust in, cooperative norms in, and satisfaction with the relationship with the manufacturing firm. The findings from a sample of 72 matched sets of suppliers, manufacturing firms and customers in industrial channels in the Netherlands reveal that the perceived market orientation of manufacturing firms engaged in channel partnerships has a positive influence on customers' and suppliers' levels of trust in, cooperative norms in, and satisfaction with the relationship. This study further investigates the effect of the customers' and suppliers' trust in, cooperative norms in, and satisfaction with the relationship on the financial performance of the manufacturing firm. The results reveal that customers' and suppliers' cooperative norms in the relationship positively influence the manufacturing firm's financial performance. Customer's and supplier's trust in and satisfaction with the relationship have no effect on the manufacturing firm's financial performance.