共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 906 毫秒
1.
Isabel M. Correia Orlando Petiz 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2007,3(2):145-157
This paper aims to assess if geographic proximity from universities enhances small firms’ performance, by means of knowledge
spillovers. A sample of micro data is used on 390 manufacturing firms and 11 public universities in Portugal. Performance
is measured by labour productivity. The estimation was made using OLS as well as Quantile Regression. Results seem to confirm
that both domains of knowledge do produce distinct effects, but there is no evidence that a firm’s performance improves with
the proximity to a university. Likewise, the quality of universities does not seem to influence the labour productivity of
firms.
相似文献
Orlando PetizEmail: |
2.
Robert G. Chambers 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2008,30(2):107-120
Stochastic productivity indicators are defined, and superlative measures of these indicators are derived. It is shown that,
in the presence of complete markets or a common-expectations equilibrium, differences in the market values of firms are superlative
indicators of cross-sectional productivity differences. Exactness results are used to decompose nonstochastic productivity
indicators into a measure of true productivity change and a measure of ‘luck’. The decomposition is illustrated empirically.
相似文献
Robert G. ChambersEmail: |
3.
Investment and dynamic DEA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A dynamic version of data envelopment analysis (DEA) is developed in the present paper. Our model introduces investment in
traditional DEA and imposes intertemporal cost minimization. Adding an intertemporal adjustment constraint into the cost minimization
problem, we derive the relation between the DEA variables of the variable cost function and those of the primary production
frontiers’ coefficients. The augmented DEA model can be solved using standard linear programming. This dynamic framework enables
computing the production frontiers, measuring the productive efficiencies and evaluating the potential economies all in the
presence of adjustment costs.
相似文献
Li YanEmail: |
4.
In this paper, we analyse the nature of the relationship between market power and technical efficiency for producers’ cooperatives.
More specifically we test two hypotheses: first, we evaluate the extent to which increasing market pressure may help producers’
cooperatives to improve technical efficiency to guarantee positive profits; second, we test whether higher technical efficiency
induces producers’ cooperatives to have a larger market share. These hypotheses are tested on a sample of Italian conventional
and cooperative firms for the Wine Production and Processing sector, using both frontier analysis and dynamic panel techniques.
The results support the hypothesis that increasing market pressure can affect positively the cooperatives′ efficiency, while
gains in technical efficiency do not seem to have any impact on the cooperatives’ market share.
相似文献
Vania SenaEmail: |
5.
The paper contributes to the explanation of the large differences in cross-country productivity performance by modelling and
testing the effects of social barriers to communication on productivity and capital accumulation. In an optimal growth model,
social barriers to communication, which impede the formation of knowledge connections, are shown to reduce both transitory
and steady-state levels of total factor productivity (TFP), per capita consumption and reproducible capital. Empirical testing
yields a robust and theoretically consistent result: linguistic barriers to communication reduce productivity and capital
accumulation. The findings provide an explanation for cross-country differences in TFP, and fresh insights into how productivity
‘catch up’ may be initiated.
相似文献
P. Dorian OwenEmail: |
6.
Jeffrey P. Cohen 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2006,26(2):181-190
The effects of court-ordered education finance reform on property values and residential choice have received increasing attention
in recent years (Fischel 2001). However, little attention has been focused on the effects of education finance reform on manufacturing
sector property values within an optimizing framework. This is pursued here by modeling education expenditures and education
finance reform as “free” variables to manufacturing firms in a cost function model together with input demand equations. This
framework is applied to panel data on manufacturers’ capital (building and structures) stocks for the 48 continental US for
1982–1996 to estimate implicit (shadow) values to the manufacturing sector of education spending and school finance reform.
On average, school finance reform lowers the implicit value of manufacturing firms’ stock of buildings and structures capital,
while greater education spending lowers manufacturing variable costs.
相似文献
Jeffrey P. CohenEmail: |
7.
Lucio Cassia Alessandra Colombelli 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(4):453-465
The paper explores the effect of scientific institutions on firm’s growth, coupling regional science and entrepreneurship
approaches. We focus on the role of universities, largely considered in the literature as the main source of knowledge spillovers.
To this purpose, we centre our attention on UK public companies on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM), a market dedicated
to young and growing companies in both science and non-science based industries. In the paper we investigate the growth determinants
of 231 listed firms which have gone public during the period going from 1995 to 2006. To our purposes, in the empirical analysis
we use the Gibrat’s Law of Proportionate Effects model. The results supports the hypothesis that, controlling for firm’s idiosyncratic
factors and external forces, both universities knowledge input and output are important determinants of the growth of entrepreneurial
firms listed on the AIM.
相似文献
Alessandra ColombelliEmail: |
8.
This study makes an attempt to understand some of the reasons why some nascent firms make the transition to new operational
firms (a process called “firm emergence”) while others do not. Because of liabilities-of-newness, nascent firms face the daunting
task of acquiring legitimacy from their immediate audience in order to emerge as new operational firm. This study claims and
finds empirical evidence that through certain legitimating behaviors nascent firms can acquire legitimacy from their immediate
audience and thus succeed in becoming new operational firms. The study will put forward more general propositions for future
testing, and will draw implications for practitioners and entrepreneurship scholars.
相似文献
Erno TornikoskiEmail: |
9.
The cost of strikes in the Spanish mining sector: modelling an undesirable input with a distance function 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ana Rodríguez-Álvarez Ignacio del Rosal José Baños-Pino 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,27(1):73-83
In some contexts, firms have to deal with certain elements or factors that affect the production outcome but which are non-market
in nature and therefore do not have a price. In this paper we propose a new use of a production economics tool, the input
distance function, to empirically measure the effects of these factors. Although we suggest a general use of this methodology,
it has been developed in the context of measuring the effects of labor disputes in a particular declining industry, that of
Spanish coal mining. We have estimated an equation system comprising an input distance function and cost share equations to
calculate the cost generated by strikes.
相似文献
Ana Rodríguez-álvarezEmail: |
10.
Opening the black box: Finding the source of cost inefficiency 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Santiago Carbó Valverde David B. Humphrey Rafael López del Paso 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,27(3):209-220
Parametric and nonparametric procedures are used to identify the apparent source of cost inefficiency in banking. Inefficiencies
of 20–25% from earlier studies are reduced to 1–5% when, in addition to commonly specified cost function influences, variables
reflecting banks’ external business environment and industry indicators of “productivity” are added. These productivity indicators
explain most of the reduction in bank operating cost over 1992–2001 and was 5 times the reduction in the dispersion of inefficiency.
Inefficiency appears stable over time because it is small relative to industry-wide cost changes occurring concurrently and
because technology dispersion is imperfect.
相似文献
David B. HumphreyEmail: |
11.
Richard W. Hurd 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》2006,18(3):207-214
The 1981 PATCO strike stands out as a symbol of union decline. The penchant to stigmatize PATCO detracts from important aspects of the union’s unorthodox strategy. Preparations for 1981 negotiations were coordinated by rank-and-file activists who referred to themselves as ‘choir boys’. An extensive mobilization network cultivated by the ‘choir boys’ contributed to cohesiveness and in effect democratized PATCO. The union’s effectiveness in building internal solidarity was its most notable accomplishment. Twenty-first-century labor-movement revitalization will require not only strong, creative leadership but also rank-and-file mobilization in the mold of PATCO’s ‘choir boy’ system. It is this type of grassroots activism that has the potential to promote an internal culture of militant action which can serve as the foundation for union growth.
相似文献
Richard W. HurdEmail: Phone: +1-607-2552765 |
12.
This paper proposes a flexible time-varying stochastic frontier model. Similarly to Lee and Schmidt [1993, In: Fried H, Lovell
CAK, Schmidt S (eds) The measurement of productive efficiency: techniques and applications. Oxford University Press, Oxford],
we assume that individual firms’ technical inefficiencies vary over time. However, the model, which we call the “multiple
time-varying individual effects” model, is more general in that it allows multiple factors determining firm-specific time-varying
technical inefficiencies. This allows the temporal pattern of inefficiency to vary over firms. The number of such factors
can be consistently estimated. The model is applied to data on Indonesian rice farms, and the changes in the efficiency rankings
of farms over time demonstrate the model’s flexibility.
相似文献
Young H. LeeEmail: |
13.
David C. Hyland 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2008,32(3):294-310
The corporate diversification literature presents a puzzle. Short-horizon event studies report positive abnormal returns around
the announcement of a diversifying event, while studies that examine diversified firms find evidence that diversified firms
are worth less than specialized firms (a diversification discount). If diversification is value destroying, perhaps the destruction
occurs over longer periods than have been previously tested. This paper tests the hypothesis that diversifying firms have
negative long-run abnormal performance following diversification by examining a sample of specialized firms that have a diversifying
event from 1978 through 1998. The firms are tracked for up to five years past their diversification year. There is evidence
that value is destroyed for small firms that diversify but enhanced for larger firms that diversify.
相似文献
David C. HylandEmail: |
14.
Succession in family-owned businesses has been revealed to be a multi-staged phenomenon with trigger events distinguishing
one stage from the other. Our aim is to apply change management theory to this process to improve our understanding and to
identify the key factors that should be taken into account when implementing it. To achieve this goal, we will review the
existing literature about organizational change and will adapt it to succession in family firms. We will end with a case study,
concluding that a good succession process is not the one which avoids conflict, but the one which successfully manages it.
相似文献
Manuela Pardo-del-ValEmail: |
15.
Specialized managerial expertise, coupled with the threat of non-renewal should improve efficiency in firms that opt for contract
management arrangements. To examine this we apply a generalized version of tests for expense preference behavior to U.S. hospitals
in the 1990s. Extending prior literature, we create a quasi-experimental design for a comparison of adopters and non-adopters
of contracts using propensity score methods. We generate the distribution of ‘expense preference’ parameters for all contract
adopters in both the pre- and post-adoption states, and for a matched control group of non-adopters over the same period.
Our results show that contract adoption leads to reduced expense preference behavior, but that this result depends critically
on the input being examined.
相似文献
Kathleen CareyEmail: |
16.
Partial derivatives of production functions are necessary in many instances to characterize the technology of firms. We present here a general method to recover the first derivatives of the production function of a profit maximizing firm. The method is systematic and applies even when the optimization problem of the firm is subject to additional constraints. It allows researcher to recover returns to scale and technological progress in complex situations.
相似文献
Stéphane VigeantEmail: |
17.
David B. Audretsch Erik E. Lehmann 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(4):419-429
The market for publicly traded equity is the heart of a modern capitalist system. In particular, the market for newly listed
firms is in turn a bellwether for the public equity market because the entry gives firms expanded access to capital, allowing
them to emerge and grow. On the other hand, stock markets also serve as an institution to reallocate productive resources
from non-surviving to surviving firms. We describe the Neuer Markt—a special segment of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in Germany—as an institution to foster the creation of new firms and their
destruction.
相似文献
Erik E. Lehmann (Corresponding author)Email: |
18.
In this paper, we address the question of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) evaluation of efficiency when aggregate cost or
revenue data must be used. We show that the DEA technical inefficiency measure using total revenues as the single output variable
or total costs as the single input variable equals the aggregate technical and allocative inefficiency. We employ this result
to estimate allocative inefficiency and construct statistical tests of the null hypothesis of no allocative inefficiency analogous
to those of the null hypothesis of no scale inefficiency. We illustrate our method using revenue and personnel data for the
top U.S. public accounting firms over 1995–1998. Our empirical results indicate the existence of statistically significant
allocative inefficiency in the public accounting industry.
相似文献
Ram NatarajanEmail: |
19.
Julie A. B. Cagle Amit Sen James E. Pawlukiewicz 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2009,33(1):100-110
This study expands the examination of workforce layoffs by banks to include non-bank financial institutions and explores inter-industry
differences in market reactions to layoff announcements. In examining inter-industry differences, we control for variables
that influence the market’s reaction to a layoff announcement, such as firm size, the size of the layoff, the reason given
for the layoff, and the governance structure of the firm. We provide evidence of inter-industry differences in market reaction
to layoff announcements by financial institutions, with banks experiencing more favorable stock-price reactions than other
types of regulated firms. These results provide evidence that bank regulation reduces asymmetric information surrounding managerial
announcements to a greater degree than the regulation of other types of financial institutions.
相似文献
James E. PawlukiewiczEmail: |
20.
Wendy Chapple Richard Harris Catherine J. Morrison Paul 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2006,26(3):245-258
Manufacturing produces both good and “bad” outputs, such as waste, which have negative environmental effects. Economic (e.g., tax) and non-economic (e.g., reputation) incentives encourage firms to reduce waste. However, such practices are costly because decreases in output produced or increases in inputs used may accompany waste reduction. We employ a cost function approach to evaluate patterns of output and waste production and capital, labor, and materials use, for UK manufacturing plants. We find that costs of waste reduction generally imply increasing materials use and capital and labor input saving, but vary by county, region, and industry.
相似文献
Wendy ChappleEmail: |