Information Privacy Research: Framework for Integrating Multiple Publics,Information Channels,and Responses

This article puts forth a framework for understanding critical consumer information privacy issues in direct and interactive marketing that consists of three broad dimensions: (1) multiple publics, (2) information channel developments, and (3) the publics' responses to privacy actions. Within this structure, the authors review and integrate existing research and issues, and identify an agenda for future research.     

Consumer privacy and the future of data-based innovation and marketing

Digitization makes it easier for firms to build their innovation and marketing efforts around consumers' personal data. In this research, we employ a privacy perspective based on contextual integrity to examine how such practices can trigger privacy concerns. We propose that small entrepreneurial firms are often at a particular disadvantage compared to large incumbent firms. At the same time, we also highlight that there are several strategies firms can use to mitigate privacy concerns and that in some circumstances, privacy concerns may also exert positive effects on data-driven marketing by stimulating privacy innovation and providing a source of competitive advantage.     

Information Privacy and Online Behaviors

Abstract

This study explores several key potential influences of privacy concerns on consumers' attitudes toward websites. Using a sample of 221 subjects, it was found that privacy concerns could decrease the likelihood of purchasing online. This finding highlights the importance of privacy concerns and contributes to the understanding of Internet marketing in that the early literature incompletely addresses the issue of consumer privacy empirically, which represents a potential threat to the growth of e-commerce. Thus, online marketers should be careful not to abuse (e.g., distribute it without permission) the personal information of consumers. In sum, it is advised that online marketers assure the public that consumer information will not be tracked and traded without the individual consumer's knowledge or consent.     

Editorial

The relationship marketing paradigm is gaining increasing credence in consumer markets. Marketers need to get close to their customers to establish exchange relationships, and this “intimacy” is achieved using database technology and direct marketing communications. However, in implementing relationship marketing in this way, the potential exists for the use of technology to result in invasions of individual consumer privacy. The literature on relationship marketing and privacy are reviewed, and the findings of six exploratory focus group discussions, conducted in the UK, are presented. The study suggests that what some consumers define as “intrusion” is similar to what has been called “intimacy” by marketers. Nine propositions are presented which reflect the implications of current approaches to relationship marketing in consumer markets. In particular, the integral elements of meaningful relationships are absent or inhibited as a result of consumer concerns over intrusions of their privacy. Thus, marketers need to adapt their attitudes, behaviours, and processes in order to accommodate the participation of the consumer in the relationship. The implications for marketers are identified, and directions are offered for future research.     

基于“社群经济”的电商发展路径研究——以拼多多为例

互联网的发展推动了许多有相同认知及需求的人们聚集在一起形成社群,在互联网的助力下,“社群经济”发展迅速。本文以拼多多为例,从营销模式、隐私保护以及用户黏性等方面分析“社群经济”给电商带来的影响及发展机遇,并针对不足提出从服务质量、营销创新、扩大用户群体和多领域合作等方面优化路径,旨在从“社群经济”角度为电商发展提供新思路。     

What blockchain can and can’t do: Applications to marketing and privacy

Marketing has enjoyed unparalleled transformation in terms of its effectiveness and ability to delivery measurable return on investment due to the digital revolution. The spread of blockchain technology has led to suggestions that it may have significant marketing applications. Though blockchain is indeed an amazing technology with significant applications, this paper argues that its usefulness in many traditional marketing applications may be limited. The reasons why throw important light on the interactions between blockchain technologies, data and privacy. Blockchain, by its nature, may lead to substantial privacy harms when used indiscriminately for marketing purposes.¹     

Defining privacy in employee health screening cases: Ethical ramifications concerning the employee/employer relationship

Issues of privacy and employee health screening rank as two of the most important ethical concerns organizations will face in the next five years. Despite the increasing numbers of social scientists researching personal privacy and the current focus on workplace privacy rights as one of the most dynamic areas of employment law, the concept of privacy remains relatively abstract. Understanding how the courts define privacy and use the expectation of privacy standards is paramount given the strategic importance of the law as a legal socializing agent. This article reports on two federal court decisions involving employer drug and HIV testing whose determinations relied on assumptions about the psychological dimensions of privacy. How the courts define privacy, the outcome of this definition and the ethical ramifications as it affects the employee/employer relationship are discussed.Michele Simms, as an adjunct professor of business communication and organizational behavior, has taught at the University of Michigan, Wayne State University and Oakland University schools of business in Michigan. In addition to teaching, she consults in the areas of worksite wellness, alternative dispute resolution, transition management and change.     

浅析不同营销方式对消费者的影响

面对日新月异的互联网技术,如今的营销传播越来越像是一种公司和消费者之间的私人对话。营销人员也在每时每刻让自己的品牌成为消费者谈论的对象。个性化的宣传以及在恰当的时间对恰当的人讲述,是营销人员成功的关键因素。在本文中,我们将讨论公司如何才能将他们的营销方式变的个性化,从而获得更多的影响力。文中首先我们要评价直销和互动营销,接下来我们将讨论口碑营销,最后讨论人员营销和销售团队。     

Online anthropomorphism and consumers’ privacy concern: Moderating roles of need for interaction and social exclusion

Online privacy concern has become a critical ethical and managerial issue for online retailing. However, we know limited information about what marketing practices may exacerbate consumers’ privacy concern. This study intends to examine the undesirable intertwining effect of online anthropomorphism and individual features on consumers’ privacy concern and downstream variables. Three experiments were conducted to test hypotheses. The results suggest that consumers who have a low need for interaction in business encounters and who experience social exclusion indicate a higher privacy concern and lower willingness to register online in anthropomorphic (vs. non-anthropomorphic) websites. Moreover, the interactive effect of online anthropomorphism and social exclusion extends to consumers’ online purchase intention, which works via privacy concern as a mediator in this process. The findings suggest that incorporating anthropomorphic elements online may exacerbate consumers’ perceptions of privacy risk and detract their behavioral intention toward the websites and thus individual features should be taken into account. We conclude by discussing the implications, limitations, and directions for future research.     

Strategic and Ethical Considerations in Managing Digital Privacy

Individualized customer information is at the heart of on-line commerce. Using increasing amounts of customer-specific data enhances the success and value of one-to-one on-line marketing; but the extensive gathering and use of data specific to individuals also causes alarm over the loss of digital privacy, setting up a confrontation between e-commerce and society. Governments and nations, particularly in Europe, have reacted with a reliance on sweeping laws governing digital privacy protection while other nations such as the U.S. have generally preferred to allow companies and industry associations to regulate themselves. This tenuous balance is under attack from both sides. In this paper, we set up a framework which incorporates the environmental context, ethical perspectives and firm-specific considerations to help firms develop a strategy for handling digital privacy concerns.     

不道德网络营销活动及其治理

网络营销活动中容易出现侵犯公众隐私权、侵犯著作者版权等不道德行为,这不仅会危及企业的长远利益,还会对电子商务的健康发展产生不良影响。鉴于行业内的恶性竞争是网络营销不道德行为的主要根源,增强网络营销从业人员的道德意识、进行行业自律是遏制网络营销中不道德行为的根本途径。     

To Share and Protect: Using Regulatory Focus Theory to Examine the Privacy Paradox of Consumers' Social Media Engagement and Online Privacy Protection Behaviors

Consumers' personal information often informs retailers' marketing efforts in terms of creating value in the online marketplace. This study examines four factors related to consumers' social media engagement and online privacy protection behaviors. Regulatory focus, social exchange, and marketing relationship theories explain the online consumer personal information share-and-protect model developed. Consumers aged 18–64 years across the United States participated in this survey research. The results suggest that while personal privacy violation experience and perceived secondary control of one's personal information are influential antecedents, privacy concerns and trust in social media websites mediate each of these respectively. The findings suggest that promotion- and prevention-related behaviors regarding personal information align with the orientation of the antecedents, indicating that regulatory focus theory shows promise for examining the privacy paradox. We conclude by developing a matrix that integrates regulatory focus and social exchange theories to guide future research.     

ChatGPT and consumers: Benefits,Pitfalls and Future Research Agenda

The need of the hour is to encourage research on topics with newness and novelty. In this context, this article discusses multidimensional benefits and potential pitfalls of using artificial intelligence-based Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), and provides numerous ideas for future research in consumer studies and marketing in the context of ChatGPT. ChatGPT provides algorithm-generated conversational responses to text-based prompts. Since its launch in the late 2022, ChatGPT has generated significant debate surrounding its hallmarks, benefits and potential pitfalls. On the one hand, ChatGPT can offer enhanced consumer engagement, improved customer service, personalization and shopping, social interaction and communication practice, cost-effectiveness, insights into consumer behaviour and improved marketing campaigns. On the other hand, potential pitfalls include concerns about consumer well-being, bias, misinformation, lack of context, privacy concerns, ethical considerations and security. The article concludes by outlining a potential future research agenda in the area of ChatGPT and consumer studies. Overall, this article provides valuable insights into the benefits and challenges associated with ChatGPT, shedding light on its potential applications and the need for further research.     

企业微博营销策略分析

微博的迅速发展,已经超越了设计者的初衷,不仅是一种简单意义上的信息共享,更是在互联网上为我们展示了一个崭新的社会化传播平台。企业利用微博进行营销,是一种投资少、见效快的新型网络营销模式。微博营销已经在许多企业中得以推广应用。本文奠骛拿些微博功能和企业微博策略两方面,阐述了企业微博营销的四大功能和营销策略,为企业开展微博营销提供了一定的参考意见。     

Cooperative marketing in the accommodation subsector: Southeastern Mediterranean perspectives

This article examines the concept of cooperative marketing and reviews the wider range of elements that constitute cooperative marketing. Subsequently, the article considers its potential for small‐ and medium‐sized hotels (SMHs) in Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey, and suggests strategies that might stimulate such cooperation. Finally, the article concludes with the implications of cooperative marketing for tourism destinations in general. It is expected that this analysis will help to explore the possibilities of cooperative marketing in the hotel subsector within the limits of the local economies, as well as offering lessons for other countries in the Mediterranean region. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Looking Back to Move Forward: A Review of the Evolution of Research in International Marketing Channels

Over the past fifty years, the scope of research on international marketing channels has significantly evolved. From an early focus on factors influencing the expansion of marketing channels internationally, the literature now investigates a myriad of topics related to the challenges of selecting channel structures and managing channel relationships. This article investigates the evolution of international marketing channels research by reviewing 353 international channels-related articles published from 1965 to 2014 under a periodization approach. The assessment of the state and evolution of the literature is used as a foundation for the identification of emerging themes that will move the field of international marketing channels forward.     

梧州市主导产业选择的实证研究

通过梧州市主导产业选择评价指标体系的构建,运用因子分析法,选取梧州市工业有针对性的20个产业的发展状况及潜力进行评估．得出梧州市应选择电力、热力的生产和供应业,化学原料及化学制品制造业．金属制品业等lO个产业作为主导产业的结论,并对这些产业的发展提出了一些政策建议。     

An investigation of gender differences in on-line privacy concerns and resultant behaviors

This study examines whether gender differences are apparent in attitudes and behaviors toward advertising and marketing practices involving information gathering and privacy on-line. As part of a larger study, 889 internet users nationwide were surveyed using electronic mail. Results indicated that women and men differed significantly in their attitudes toward several practices, with women generally appearing more concerned about the effect the practice would have on their personal privacy. Additionally, the study found that men were likely to adopt behaviors to protect their privacy when they became concerned; women, however, rarely adopted protective behaviors. Implications for web advertisers are provided.     

Relationship marketing

Relationship Marketing is emerging as a new phenomenon. However, relationship oriented marketing practices date back to the pre-Industrial era. In this article, we trace the history of marketing practices and illustrate how the advent of mass production, the emergence of middlemen, and the separation of the producer from the consumer in the Industrial era led to a transactional focus of marketing. Now, due to technological advances, direct marketing is staging a comeback, leading to a relationship orientation. The authors contend that with the evolution of Relationship Marketing, the hitherto prominent exchange paradigm of marketing will be insufficient to explain the growing marketing phenomena of collaborative involvement of customers in the production process. An alternate paradigm of marketing needs to be developed that is more process rather than outcome oriented, and emphasizes value creation rather than value distribution.