文化与科技融合发展中的创新模式及革新进路

跨界转型、产业融合时代背景下,文化与科技融合作为一种技术诱发型产业发展模式,具有促进文化业态衍生、产业价值链延伸、产业商业模式创新等重要意义,其实践路径表现为文化科技化与科技文化化。基于产业融合内涵与特征,从生产链协同规划维度分析生产融合、市场融合、资源融合与渠道融合4种典型的文化与科技融合创新模式及其促发机理,归纳出融合创新过程中强化可治理性、重视文化需求、增进制度保障等促进产业融合的关键举措。最后指出,在当前环境下,文化与科技融合模式的优化与革新亟需从政策规章、法律规制、产业结构及自主创新等方面切入,通过文化与科技协同发展实现。     

我国装备制造业与生产性服务业网式融合影响因素研究

我国装备制造业与生产性服务业融合趋势日渐明显,且逐渐呈现复杂性融合,因此研究二者复杂性融合影响因素对于促进两个产业融合具有重要意义。从价值链分解及整合角度对装备制造业与生产性服务业融合过程进行分析,在概括归纳两个产业融合基本形式的基础上,解析网式融合内涵及其存在形式,提出网式融合影响因素,并选取网式融合影响因素测量指标,根据理论研究假设,采用调查问卷法收集数据,运用结构方程模型实证检验网式融合影响因素。结果显示,两个产业网式融合影响因素是装备制造业竞争力水平、生产性服务业动态匹配性、创新驱动、网络能力,且其影响强度和方向各不相同。最后,提出促进两个产业网式融合的建议。     

工业互联网平台对产业融合影响的实证研究

工业互联网是推进我国经济高质量发展的重要引擎,是制造业转型升级的加速器。工业互联网平台已成为一种新的经济业态和服务载体,并渗透到产业与企业各个层面,深刻影响着制造业产业融合水平。基于2013—2019年省级面板数据,运用面板分位数回归法,分析工业互联网视角下平台经济发展水平与产业融合的关系,揭示工业互联网平台发展水平对产业融合的作用机理,检验制造业升级对平台经济发展水平与产业融合的中介效应。结果表明,工业互联网平台发展对技术融合与生产性服务业和制造业融合的影响不显著,对供应链与价值链融合有显著正向影响。进一步分析发现,制造业升级在工业互联网平台对供应链与价值链融合的影响中具有完全中介效应。研究结果对揭示工业互联网平台、制造业升级和产业融合三者间关系,推动工业互联网平台赋能制造业融合发展具有重要意义。     

From Economia Civile to Kameralwissenschaften. The line of descent from Genovesi to Beccaria in pre-Smithian Europe

Abstract

The Italian Enlightenment is one of the great intellectual achievements of Europe’s siècle des lumières. Its two branches, the Lombard branch together with the Neapolitan, both cooperate to producing perhaps the greatest overall contribution of Italian culture to the development of a modern European tradition of civil rights and enlightened governance. After the Second World War, there has been an intense flourishing of Italian studies, with a worldwide readership, on the Enlightenment and on the Italian Enlightenment in particular. This has been a response to the emerging need for deeper research on the roots of western culture and on the civic values of our societies so much shattered by the traumatic experiences of a new kind of war savaging our cities especially in Europe. Economic analysis is the core issue of the Italian Enlightenment. The economic discipline – originally called Civil economy in eighteenth century Naples and Cameral science (or Public economy) in Milan – was indeed prominent in the historical experience of the Italian Enlightenment, although the prominence of the discipline is only imperfectly reflected in much of the recent historiography. This paper belongs to a new developing line of research on the Italian Enlightenment rooted in a retrieval of the economic discipline of the time. Italy is the country where the first economic Chairs worldwide were created in Universities during the second half of the eighteenth century. This article presents a comparison and reciprocal integration of the two main schools in Italy, the Milanese and the Neapolitan, through the works and influence of the two incumbents to the respective Chairs, Antonio Genovesi in Naples, from 1754, and Cesare Beccaria in Milan, from 1769. The two Professors turn out to have much in common and in particular a clear economic perspective appears to be at the root of the whole of their literary production. A special attention is given to the Lezioni of Genovesi and the Elementi of Beccaria, reflecting the actual teaching of the two masters in their respective lectures.     

Is the environmental performance of industrialized countries converging? A ‘SURE’ approach to testing for convergence

In this paper, we test for convergence in the environmental performance of a sample of OECD countries, with data ranging from 1971 to 2002. First, we use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to compute two environmental performance indicators (EPIs) in the production theory framework. Second, we propose the use of a sequential multivariate approach to test for convergence in environmental performance. These tests allow us to reconcile the time series literature with the cross-sectional dimension, which is basic when testing for convergence in regional blocs. The SURE technique is used, which allows for the existence of correlations across the series without imposing a common speed of mean reversion. The empirical results show that the group of countries as a whole, as well as the majority of countries considered on an individual basis (results for some countries vary between EPIs), are catching-up with Switzerland (the benchmark country).     

Multimodality in the distribution of GDP and the absolute convergence hypothesis

This article shows that, contrary to common wisdom, the insurgence of a multiplicity of clusters in the distribution of income is not necessarily against the hypothesis of absolute convergence. Using data for the world economies, the US states, the EU regions, and the Italian regions, we find that despite the distribution of income per capita for both the world economies and for the Italian regions is multimodal, only in the former case absolute convergence can be rejected. Similarly, although the distributions for the EU regions and the US states are both unimodal, convergence is unambiguously taking place in the latter case only. We show that these results are consistent with the neoclassical model of growth in the presence of non-convexities in production. We conclude that polarization in the distribution of per capita incomes is neither a sufficient nor a necessary condition to reject the absolute convergence hypothesis.     

Outsourcing versus integration at home or abroad and firm heterogeneity

This paper analyzes the location (at home or abroad) and the mode of organization (outsourcing versus integration) of intermediate inputs production, using data on a sample of Italian manufacturing companies and focusing on the role of firm heterogeneity. We find evidence of a productivity ordering where foreign integration is chosen by the most productive firms and domestic outsourcing is chosen by the least productive firms; firms with medium-high productivity choose domestic integration, firms with medium-low productivity choose foreign outsourcing.     

Labor market integration policies and the convergence of regions: the role of skills and technology diffusion

We study the role of different labor market integration policies on economic performance and convergence of two distinct regions in an agent-based model. Production is characterized by a complementarity between the quality of the capital stock and the specific skills of workers using the capital stock. Hence, productivity changes in a region are influenced both by the investment of local firms in high quality capital goods and by the evolution of the specific skill distribution of workers employed in the region. We show that various labor market integration policies yield, via differing regional worker flows, to distinct regional distributions of specific skills. Through this mechanism, relative regional prices are affected, determining the shares that the regions can capture from overall consumption good demand. There occurs a trade-off between aggregate output and convergence of regions with closed labor markets resulting in relatively high convergence but low output, and more integrated labor markets yielding higher output but lower convergence. Furthermore, results differ substantially in several respects as distinct labor market opening policies are applied.     

Regional convergence of growth,inequality and poverty in India—An empirical study

The paper attempts to examine whether there is regional convergence of per capita consumption, inequality and poverty across various states in India. Using panel unit root tests that are robust to cross-sectional dependence, we find that inequality and poverty indicators converge at both rural and urban levels. Further, per capita consumption converges at urban level but not at rural level. Based on factor analysis, we find two groups of states for rural sectors, viz., low-growth and high-growth states, for each of which per capita consumption converges. We also attempt at identifying the responsible entities — central or state governments or both in cases where convergence is not achieved.     

Vertical integration and transaction-specific sunk costs

The purpose of this paper is to analyze vertical integration, long-term contracts and spot markets as institutional alternatives when transaction-specific investments are involved. Firm activities are divided into two periods. In the first period (the ex ante world), decisions on the amount of transaction-specific sunk costs are made, whereas after realization of a random state of the world, short-run production decisions are made (in the ex post world). The problem analyzed is to determine what form of organizations and/or contracts will emerge between upstream and downstream firms in the ex ante world to regulate their ex ante transaction-specific investments, if any, as well as their ex post production decisions and the distribution of resulting profits.     

技术融合对现代制造企业创新绩效的影响：知识基的中介效用

新兴产业普遍呈现出技术融合的趋势,融合创新已经成为把握产业未来发展先机的重要方式,提升响应技术融合的能力是现代制造业企业持续创新亟需考虑的问题。基于技术融合的专利网络特征归结出实践中的三类技术融合形式,应用负二项回归模型对我国汽车制造业上市公司财报和专利数据进行实证分析,探索技术融合对企业创新绩效的影响。研究发现,制造企业实施中介、接近、聚类三类技术融合均有助于提升创新绩效。同时,影响过程伴随着企业知识基的显著中介效用。特别是,中介效用中知识基的宽度对聚类技术融合的影响和知识基的深度对接近技术融合的影响更为强烈。为优化技术融合策略和提升创新绩效提供了企业管理层面的有益参考。     

The Impact of 2007/08 Financial Crisis on the Stability and Enlargement of the EMU

Before 2007/08, the European Monetary Union (EMU) was expected to be enlarged on schedule, but the European sovereign debt problem, triggered by the exogenous US sub‐prime crisis, not only has revealed the EMU's fiscal coordination failure, but also has weakened regional financial integration. The stagnation of financial integration will therefore increase the cost of sustaining a monetary union, which in turn slows EMU enlargement and ruins the reputation of the euro. This paper aims to measure the damage to financial integration and to provide a more precise answer on real interest rate parity (RIP) convergence. Our estimation indicates that RIP between the EMU and some accession candidates is still valid after the interruptions of the financial crises. However, convergence of real interest rates cannot be achieved until 2030. This implies the EMU authority must strengthen regional financial integration to solidify the EMU and then be able to re‐start enlargement.     

The Delphi method as early warning: Linking global societal trends to future radicalization and terrorism in The Netherlands

A Delphi study was performed to answer the question: Which global societal trends relate to future radicalization and subsequent terrorism in the Netherlands? An inventory of two hundred global societal trends and a literature study of radicalization together served as briefing of the participants in the Delphi study. The first two rounds were conducted in anonymous writing. The third round was a face to face focus group meeting. In the first and second round participants scored the trends, adjusted their scores relative to others and provided arguments, and in the focus group meeting, themes were discussed in which the participants remained to have strong opposite views. This approach emphasizes divergence in opinion (‘dissensus’), as opposed to convergence (‘consensus’). Consensus seeking to us seems to be the dominant application of Delphi, but we emphasize the value of seeking dissensus. We hypothesize that in those cases where the opposite views that were discussed kept their ground, this Delphi study may have found early warnings of future radicalization.The essence of this paper is that it is possible, with limited effort, to get a handle on the complex and poorly defined subject of global societal trends influencing future radicalization. Application of the Dissensus Delphi method provided a selection of early warnings that may be looked into with future research.     

Decentralization,social capital,and regional growth: The case of the Italian North-South divide

This paper aims to show how a region's constant level of social capital may have a very different impact on its economic growth depending on whether the central or the local level of government is responsible for regional policy.Our case study is the economic performance of Northern and Southern Italy in the post-World War II period, when a long phase of regional convergence came to a sudden halt in the early 1970s. We focus on the economic effects of the 1970s institutional reforms on government decentralization and wage bargaining. Our main hypothesis is that decentralization allocates the provision of public capital to institutions, the local ones, more exposed to a territory's social capital. Since social capital is lower in the Southern regions, decentralization made their developmental policies less effective from 1970 onwards, and regional inequality increased.We build an endogenous growth model augmented to include the interaction between social capital and public investment as well as the reform of the Italian labour market. We calibrate our model using data of the Italian regions for 1951–71. Our quantitative results indicate that decentralization triggered the influence of local social capital on growth and played a central role in halting the convergence path of the low-social-capital regions.     

The price of the market: pursuit of self-interest as annihilation of self

The paper criticizes the view that the market provides for the well-being of individuals by offering the widest field for the pursuit of self-interest. It argues, first, that this view is disastrously mistaken because it misunderstands what individuals are, but, second, that proponents of this view??notably Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations and the neoclassical economists??actually show the opposite of what they claim: that is, they show that pursuit of self-interest in the market is the annihilation of self. Thus, the proponents of the view show that it is untenable and at least point toward the terms necessary for a more adequate alternative. The paper then asks whether the market must be like this, first, through considering a line of thought on the possibility of a non-predatory market that runs from Aristotle, through the Italian Civil Happiness school, to modern socialist writers. Second, it offers an alternative view of the individual, according to which individuality is in part constituted through substantial relations with other individuals, a version of which can be found in Smith??s Theory of Moral Sentiments and Lectures on Jurisprudence. On the basis of these two discussions, a market order that sustains rather than destroys individuals can be imagined. However, this order would have lost many central characteristics of the capitalist market order.     

Globalization and Taste Convergence: the Cases of Wine and Beer

This paper investigates changes in cultural consumption patterns for a low‐concentration industry: wine and beer. Using data on 38 countries from 1963–2000, there is clear convergence in the consumption of wine relative to beer between 1963 and 2000. Convergence occurs even more quickly within groups of countries that have a higher degree of integration. A key prediction of international trade is confirmed in the data: greater trade integration weakens the association between production and consumption patterns—although the relative consumption of wine can be explained well in 1963 by grape production and latitude, these variables are much less significant in 2000. Despite these “scientific” explanations, there is also a cultural angle to wine consumption. While the relative wine consumption of France and Germany is converging, several Latin American countries fail to converge. The patterns of convergence are consistent with dynamics of adjustment in overlapping generation habit formation models.     

以时间为基础的质量管理实践与企业绩效间关系的实证研究

以中美制造企业为调研对象,通过问卷调查收集数据,运用结构方程模型实证分析了以时间为基础的质量管理实践——预防性维修、供应商整合、工程再造计划和拉动式生产等与企业绩效的关系。研究结果表明:供应商整合、工程再造计划和拉动式生产对企业绩效产生直接的正向影响,其中拉动式生产的影响最显著;预防性维修、工程再造计划和拉动式生产通过影响供应商整合对企业绩效产生间接的正向影响,其中工程再造计划的影响最显著;实施拉动式生产和工程再造计划可提升企业绩效。     

Dynamics of regional unemployment rates in Brazil: Fractional behavior,structural breaks,and Markov switching

This paper investigates unemployment dynamics in Brazil and in its major metropolitan regions using a fractional integration model. Aspects regarding structural breaks and regime switches are discussed as well. To do that, the methods proposed by Hassler and Meller (2009) and Tsay and Härdle (2009) are used. The major results indicate that unemployment rates have two different levels of persistence. The first one is nonstationary whereas the second one is nonstationary but mean-reverting. Based on these findings, the convergence hypothesis of regional unemployment rates was tested. Following the fractional stochastic convergence criterion put forward by Mello and Guimaraes-Filho (2007), it was concluded that regional unemployment rates are convergent.     

跨国并购整合中的协同与创新：整合动机与整合度的匹配

成功完成并购整合对于并购创新意图的实现至关重要，然而现有研究尚未揭示并购整合决策作用于创新绩效的内在机理。基于并购协同视角实证研究运营协同和财务协同两种整合动机对创新绩效的影响，同时检验整合程度、整合速度与整合动机的匹配效应。研究发现，运营协同、财务协同均对创新绩效具有正向影响，而并购整合动机也须与整合度相匹配。对致力于实现运营协同的并购企业，在整合过程中应采取深度整合、缓慢整合策略；对旨在实现财务协同的企业而言，在整合过程中应采取低程度整合、快速整合策略。研究结论对于跨国并购整合理论与实践具有启示意义。     

跨国并购整合中的协同与创新：整合动机与整合度的匹配

成功完成并购整合对于并购创新意图的实现至关重要,然而现有研究尚未揭示并购整合决策作用于创新绩效的内在机理。基于并购协同视角实证研究运营协同和财务协同两种整合动机对创新绩效的影响,同时检验整合程度、整合速度与整合动机的匹配效应。研究发现,运营协同、财务协同均对创新绩效具有正向影响,而并购整合动机也须与整合度相匹配。对致力于实现运营协同的并购企业,在整合过程中应采取深度整合、缓慢整合策略;对旨在实现财务协同的企业而言,在整合过程中应采取低程度整合、快速整合策略。研究结论对于跨国并购整合理论与实践具有启示意义。